Identity in Physics: Statistics and the (Non
... why we shouldn’t expect states to be sensitive to which object has which property: if an object is not an individual, it doesn’t have a well-defined identity, distinct from that of other objects, and thus there are no permutations to be made in the first place in cases such as, say, the above two id ...
... why we shouldn’t expect states to be sensitive to which object has which property: if an object is not an individual, it doesn’t have a well-defined identity, distinct from that of other objects, and thus there are no permutations to be made in the first place in cases such as, say, the above two id ...
6pp
... of multiple states and can evolve along multiple trajectories simultaneously, only to choose a definite state at the time of measurement. • A quantum computer tries to exploit this parallelism that classical computers do not utilize. ...
... of multiple states and can evolve along multiple trajectories simultaneously, only to choose a definite state at the time of measurement. • A quantum computer tries to exploit this parallelism that classical computers do not utilize. ...
In the beginning — or, at least, from around
... Shelter Island conference, in June of that year, Willis Lamb presented his data showing the splitting of the 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 electron energy levels of the hydrogen atom, predicted by Dirac to be degenerate. On the train home from Shelter Island, Hans Bethe realized the significance of this ‘Lamb shi ...
... Shelter Island conference, in June of that year, Willis Lamb presented his data showing the splitting of the 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 electron energy levels of the hydrogen atom, predicted by Dirac to be degenerate. On the train home from Shelter Island, Hans Bethe realized the significance of this ‘Lamb shi ...
Light-shift imbalance induced blockade of collective excitations beyond the lowest order
... use atomic ensembles as quantum bits. However, when an atomic ensemble is excited, by a laser beam matched to a two-level transition (or a Raman transition) for example, it leads to a cascade of many states as more and more photons are absorbed [R.H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93 (1954) 99]. In order to make ...
... use atomic ensembles as quantum bits. However, when an atomic ensemble is excited, by a laser beam matched to a two-level transition (or a Raman transition) for example, it leads to a cascade of many states as more and more photons are absorbed [R.H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93 (1954) 99]. In order to make ...
Process, System, Causality, and Quantum Mechanics, A
... barns each with five sheep, and then five fields each with ten sheep!” Unfortunately this law did not always hold, and when the wolves howled on the hill at night, it failed quite often. The farmer had an explanation for this: “The howling of the wolves greatly upsets my sheep, and the laws of natur ...
... barns each with five sheep, and then five fields each with ten sheep!” Unfortunately this law did not always hold, and when the wolves howled on the hill at night, it failed quite often. The farmer had an explanation for this: “The howling of the wolves greatly upsets my sheep, and the laws of natur ...
Electron acoustic solitons in the presence of an electron beam and
... amplitude electron-acoustic solitary potentials in a plasma having stationary ions, cold inertial electrons and hot superthermal electrons. They found that as spectral index κ decreases, soliton amplitude increases while its width narrows down. Sahu (2010) studied the existence of small amplitude el ...
... amplitude electron-acoustic solitary potentials in a plasma having stationary ions, cold inertial electrons and hot superthermal electrons. They found that as spectral index κ decreases, soliton amplitude increases while its width narrows down. Sahu (2010) studied the existence of small amplitude el ...
Violation of Bell`s inequalities in a quantum realistic framework
... the price of a subtle but deep change in what is meant by physical properties: they are not any more considered as properties of the system itself, but jointly attributed to the system, and to the context in which it is embedded (definitions will be given below). We will show also that this ontologi ...
... the price of a subtle but deep change in what is meant by physical properties: they are not any more considered as properties of the system itself, but jointly attributed to the system, and to the context in which it is embedded (definitions will be given below). We will show also that this ontologi ...
Chapter 12 Path Integral for Fermion Fields
... After introducing path integrals in quantum mechanics we now turn to the path integral representation of field theories. In this chapter we discuss the fermionic sector of the Schwinger model, which is probably the simplest non-trivial field theory. The Schwinger model is just QED for massless fermi ...
... After introducing path integrals in quantum mechanics we now turn to the path integral representation of field theories. In this chapter we discuss the fermionic sector of the Schwinger model, which is probably the simplest non-trivial field theory. The Schwinger model is just QED for massless fermi ...
Quantum Interference of Unpolarized Single Photons
... “Whether you can observe a thing or not depends on the theory which you use. It is the theory which decides what can be observed.” This objection of Albert Einstein during a lecture given by Heisenberg in 1926 [1] expressed his disbelief in quantum mechanics as it was evolving at that time. The Cope ...
... “Whether you can observe a thing or not depends on the theory which you use. It is the theory which decides what can be observed.” This objection of Albert Einstein during a lecture given by Heisenberg in 1926 [1] expressed his disbelief in quantum mechanics as it was evolving at that time. The Cope ...
Shor`s Algorithm and the Quantum Fourier Transform
... The problem of how to factor a large integer efficiently has been studied extensively in number theory. It is generally believed that factorization of a number n is hard to do in a efficient way. That is, it cannot be done in a number of steps which is polynomial in the length of the integer we’re t ...
... The problem of how to factor a large integer efficiently has been studied extensively in number theory. It is generally believed that factorization of a number n is hard to do in a efficient way. That is, it cannot be done in a number of steps which is polynomial in the length of the integer we’re t ...
5.1 Revising the Atomic Model - Somerset Academy Silver Palms
... The Bohr Model The rungs on this ladder are somewhat like the energy levels in Bohr’s model of the atom. • A person on a ladder cannot stand between the rungs. Similarly, the electrons in an atom cannot exist between energy levels. • The energy levels in atoms are unequally spaced, like the rungs in ...
... The Bohr Model The rungs on this ladder are somewhat like the energy levels in Bohr’s model of the atom. • A person on a ladder cannot stand between the rungs. Similarly, the electrons in an atom cannot exist between energy levels. • The energy levels in atoms are unequally spaced, like the rungs in ...
Quantum Chemistry II: Lecture Notes
... just by replacing L with S and repeating the procedure of Section 5.4 of the textbook. The result is: the eigenvalues of Ŝ2 are ...
... just by replacing L with S and repeating the procedure of Section 5.4 of the textbook. The result is: the eigenvalues of Ŝ2 are ...
Chem 150 Answer Key Problem Introductory Quantum Chemistry 1
... region. The picture changes when we dissolve some copper sulfate. You all know what happens. The resulting solution is blue because the solvated copper ions absorb yellow light (complementary color to blue). b) correct c) FALSE, infrared is less energetic than visible light because it has a smaller ...
... region. The picture changes when we dissolve some copper sulfate. You all know what happens. The resulting solution is blue because the solvated copper ions absorb yellow light (complementary color to blue). b) correct c) FALSE, infrared is less energetic than visible light because it has a smaller ...
Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
... huge boost to quantum information field: a single qubit cannot survive decoherence, but a set of qubits can; “together we stand, divided we fall” The propagation of the error is prevented by using fault tolerant recovery after storing or processing the information, and by using fault tolerant gate ...
... huge boost to quantum information field: a single qubit cannot survive decoherence, but a set of qubits can; “together we stand, divided we fall” The propagation of the error is prevented by using fault tolerant recovery after storing or processing the information, and by using fault tolerant gate ...
Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it ""the jewel of physics"" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.