Light shining through walls
... combined the electric and magnetic interactions in a single framework showing that they are two components of a unified entity, the electromagnetic field tensor. A further step was taken in the 1960’s when Glashow, Salam and Weinberg constructed a theory unifying the electromagnetic and weak nuclear ...
... combined the electric and magnetic interactions in a single framework showing that they are two components of a unified entity, the electromagnetic field tensor. A further step was taken in the 1960’s when Glashow, Salam and Weinberg constructed a theory unifying the electromagnetic and weak nuclear ...
The pressure increase at 4He l–point explained by means of the
... a phenomenon that happens between an ideal gas and its condensed quantum phase. As far as it concerns the liquid He4, the phenomenon is slightly different being, by the fact, a transition between a real gas (in the fluid phase) and its quantum condensed phase so that the transition temperature is sm ...
... a phenomenon that happens between an ideal gas and its condensed quantum phase. As far as it concerns the liquid He4, the phenomenon is slightly different being, by the fact, a transition between a real gas (in the fluid phase) and its quantum condensed phase so that the transition temperature is sm ...
Composite systems and their representation in quantum and
... theory yields a fruitful method to investigate what these physical theories say about the world. Prospects: one then finds, independent of any physical model, relationships and constraints that capture (some of) the essential physical assumptions and structural aspects of the theory in question, i.e ...
... theory yields a fruitful method to investigate what these physical theories say about the world. Prospects: one then finds, independent of any physical model, relationships and constraints that capture (some of) the essential physical assumptions and structural aspects of the theory in question, i.e ...
the spin of the electron and its role in spectroscopy
... qualitatively explained by this rule. But no one knew why, at most, two electrons were allowed in each state. There was also no indication that the multiplets in the spectra and the “not more than two electrons” rule were related. The first step towards solving these mysteries was taken by two Dutch ...
... qualitatively explained by this rule. But no one knew why, at most, two electrons were allowed in each state. There was also no indication that the multiplets in the spectra and the “not more than two electrons” rule were related. The first step towards solving these mysteries was taken by two Dutch ...
Quantum Factorization of 143 on a Dipolar
... Numerical simulation shows that the probabilities of the system on the ground states of Hp is 98.9%, which means that we could achieve the right answer to the factoring problem of 143 almost definitely. We packed together the unitary operators every five adiabatic steps in one shaped pulse calculate ...
... Numerical simulation shows that the probabilities of the system on the ground states of Hp is 98.9%, which means that we could achieve the right answer to the factoring problem of 143 almost definitely. We packed together the unitary operators every five adiabatic steps in one shaped pulse calculate ...
Security of Quantum Key Distribution Using d
... to eavesdropping of qudit-based schemes (i.e., schemes based on encoding the key on d-level systems). The only schemes that have been considered use either two bases for a four-level system [9] or four bases for a qutrit [10], but their security was investigated against simple nonoptimal attacks onl ...
... to eavesdropping of qudit-based schemes (i.e., schemes based on encoding the key on d-level systems). The only schemes that have been considered use either two bases for a four-level system [9] or four bases for a qutrit [10], but their security was investigated against simple nonoptimal attacks onl ...
Lectures on effective field theory - Research Group in Theoretical
... theories of particle physics at low energy without having to know everything about physics at short distances. For example, we can discuss precision radiative corrections in the weak interactions without having a grand unified theory or a quantum theory of gravity. The price we pay is that we have a ...
... theories of particle physics at low energy without having to know everything about physics at short distances. For example, we can discuss precision radiative corrections in the weak interactions without having a grand unified theory or a quantum theory of gravity. The price we pay is that we have a ...
Statistics of Nuclear Decay The ”radioactivity” of a radioactive
... for the 10 minutes as 102 ± 10 counts, since we want to keep the correct number of significant figures. If we want to express our measurement in terms of counts/min, we have (102 ± 10)/10 min, which is equal to 10.2 ± 1.0 counts/min. Suppose now we do the same measurement, but collect data√for 20 mi ...
... for the 10 minutes as 102 ± 10 counts, since we want to keep the correct number of significant figures. If we want to express our measurement in terms of counts/min, we have (102 ± 10)/10 min, which is equal to 10.2 ± 1.0 counts/min. Suppose now we do the same measurement, but collect data√for 20 mi ...
Single-Photon Imaging - ReadingSample - Beck-Shop
... as quantized objects [2]. Careful analysis along similar lines can also show that the individual pulses detected with “single-photon counting devices” are not conclusive evidence for the existence of photons. It is an astonishing fact that there are only relatively few optical phenomena that cannot ...
... as quantized objects [2]. Careful analysis along similar lines can also show that the individual pulses detected with “single-photon counting devices” are not conclusive evidence for the existence of photons. It is an astonishing fact that there are only relatively few optical phenomena that cannot ...
The additivity problem in quantum information theory
... memoryless quantum channels with respect to entangled encodings. Should the additivity fail, this would mean that applying entangled inputs to several independent uses of a quantum channel may result in superadditive increase of its capacity for transmission of classical information. However so far ...
... memoryless quantum channels with respect to entangled encodings. Should the additivity fail, this would mean that applying entangled inputs to several independent uses of a quantum channel may result in superadditive increase of its capacity for transmission of classical information. However so far ...
Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it ""the jewel of physics"" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.