Achieving quantum supremacy with sparse and noisy commuting
... 1.2 Related work and perspective Circuit depth and optimal sparse IQP sampling. Below we improve on the results of [11] to extend the hardness results of IQP sampling introduced in [11] to sparsely connected circuits. The motivation for this is both theoretical and practical. We want to both improve ...
... 1.2 Related work and perspective Circuit depth and optimal sparse IQP sampling. Below we improve on the results of [11] to extend the hardness results of IQP sampling introduced in [11] to sparsely connected circuits. The motivation for this is both theoretical and practical. We want to both improve ...
The Path Integral approach to Quantum Mechanics Lecture Notes
... in eq. (1.3). For instance the alternative choice Φ = e−S[γ]/! satisfies the composition property but does not in general select the classical trajectories for ! → 0. This alternative choice would select the minima of S but the classical trajectories represent in general only saddle points of S in f ...
... in eq. (1.3). For instance the alternative choice Φ = e−S[γ]/! satisfies the composition property but does not in general select the classical trajectories for ! → 0. This alternative choice would select the minima of S but the classical trajectories represent in general only saddle points of S in f ...
Efficiency of Solid State Photomultipliers in Photon Number Resolution
... with common output. Multi-pixel architecture with low noise high gain multiplication of each pixel is the base for the SSPM advantage in a few photon pulse detection, but on the other hand it is the source of SSPM drawbacks and trade-offs. High gain results in considerable excess noise of cross-talk ...
... with common output. Multi-pixel architecture with low noise high gain multiplication of each pixel is the base for the SSPM advantage in a few photon pulse detection, but on the other hand it is the source of SSPM drawbacks and trade-offs. High gain results in considerable excess noise of cross-talk ...
Coarse graining and renormalization: the bottom up approach
... Spin foams and space time atoms. Coarse graining without a scale. The importance of refining states. Tensor network coarse graining algorithms. Application to spin foams / spin nets. Classifying (symmetry protected) phases. New representations and vacua in loop quantum gravity Expanding the theory a ...
... Spin foams and space time atoms. Coarse graining without a scale. The importance of refining states. Tensor network coarse graining algorithms. Application to spin foams / spin nets. Classifying (symmetry protected) phases. New representations and vacua in loop quantum gravity Expanding the theory a ...
Increased electric sail thrust through removal of
... with K ≈ 3. However, Janhunen and Sandroos (2007) also showed that an analysis of the PIC results for different values for the electron temperature Te gives a result which is not quite consistent with the functional form of Eq. (3). One can explain away this inconsistency by postulating that due to ...
... with K ≈ 3. However, Janhunen and Sandroos (2007) also showed that an analysis of the PIC results for different values for the electron temperature Te gives a result which is not quite consistent with the functional form of Eq. (3). One can explain away this inconsistency by postulating that due to ...
Scattering theory
... Note: If one attempts to evaluate the total cross-section using Eq. (2.16), one obtains an infinite result. This divergence is due to the infinite range of the 1/r potential, and the “infinity” in the integral comes from scatterings as θ → 0 which corresponds to arbitrarily large impact parameters w ...
... Note: If one attempts to evaluate the total cross-section using Eq. (2.16), one obtains an infinite result. This divergence is due to the infinite range of the 1/r potential, and the “infinity” in the integral comes from scatterings as θ → 0 which corresponds to arbitrarily large impact parameters w ...
Experimental Realization of a Simple Entangling Optical Gate for
... It is very interesting and well worth noting, that a quantum system of 500 qubits already requires 2 500 amplitudes to fully describe its quantum state. This number is larger than the estimated number of atoms in the universe and this enormous potential computational power is well worth harvesting! ...
... It is very interesting and well worth noting, that a quantum system of 500 qubits already requires 2 500 amplitudes to fully describe its quantum state. This number is larger than the estimated number of atoms in the universe and this enormous potential computational power is well worth harvesting! ...
Arbitrarily Small Amount of Measurement Independence Is Sufficient
... than ð2 þ 2Þ=12. In fact, inequalities (6) and (7) can reveal quantum nonlocality for all h below the critical value of 13. This shows that the complete set presented here is better suited for the task of witnessing measurement dependent quantum nonlocality than CHSH. Conclusions.—Bell locality, the ...
... than ð2 þ 2Þ=12. In fact, inequalities (6) and (7) can reveal quantum nonlocality for all h below the critical value of 13. This shows that the complete set presented here is better suited for the task of witnessing measurement dependent quantum nonlocality than CHSH. Conclusions.—Bell locality, the ...
Spectroscopic Parameters of Neutral Argon Atom
... discrete levels forming perturbed Rydberg series. Using the accurate location of these levels, the corresponding oscillator strength fij in the length (Fl ) and velocity (FV ) forms of the electric dipole operator, respectively, were calculated. The obtained results are also tabulated in Table I. Th ...
... discrete levels forming perturbed Rydberg series. Using the accurate location of these levels, the corresponding oscillator strength fij in the length (Fl ) and velocity (FV ) forms of the electric dipole operator, respectively, were calculated. The obtained results are also tabulated in Table I. Th ...
Atomic Physics - Teaching Commons Guide for MERLOT
... Atomic physics may loosely be defined as the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Learning Atomic Physics is important not only for understanding the physics of the atom but also the technological applications thereof ...
... Atomic physics may loosely be defined as the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Learning Atomic Physics is important not only for understanding the physics of the atom but also the technological applications thereof ...
hep-th/0302002 PDF - at www.arxiv.org.
... in Lagrangian quantum field theory and the derivation of the Euler-Lagrange and Heisenberg equations of motion in them for general Lagrangians, with or without derivative coupling. We should mention, in this paper it is considered only the Lagrangian (canonical) quantum field theory in which the qua ...
... in Lagrangian quantum field theory and the derivation of the Euler-Lagrange and Heisenberg equations of motion in them for general Lagrangians, with or without derivative coupling. We should mention, in this paper it is considered only the Lagrangian (canonical) quantum field theory in which the qua ...
Strong Transient Modulation of Horizon Radiation
... For accelerated classical charges, backreaction effects, such as the Abraham Lorentz force [13] or Feynman and Wheeler’s radiation resistance [14], are known to be sensitive to variations in acceleration. It is, therefore, plausible that the Unruh effect can also be significantly modulated by variat ...
... For accelerated classical charges, backreaction effects, such as the Abraham Lorentz force [13] or Feynman and Wheeler’s radiation resistance [14], are known to be sensitive to variations in acceleration. It is, therefore, plausible that the Unruh effect can also be significantly modulated by variat ...
Space-time evolution of electron-beam driven electron holes and
... in the plasma. Their merging yields continuously a decreasing number of electron holes. The propagation velocity of the electron holes evolves dynamically and is affected by their merging. At late times only a few electron holes are left in the simulation and they decay by emitting low-frequency ele ...
... in the plasma. Their merging yields continuously a decreasing number of electron holes. The propagation velocity of the electron holes evolves dynamically and is affected by their merging. At late times only a few electron holes are left in the simulation and they decay by emitting low-frequency ele ...
1 Analytic Representation of The Square
... In a survey article on relativistic wave equations, Foldy8 pointed out that, in the absence of interaction, the above equation “gives a perfectly good wave equation for the description of a (spin zero) free particle”. Foldy 9 had shown in an earlier paper that the square-root form: ...
... In a survey article on relativistic wave equations, Foldy8 pointed out that, in the absence of interaction, the above equation “gives a perfectly good wave equation for the description of a (spin zero) free particle”. Foldy 9 had shown in an earlier paper that the square-root form: ...
The Ultimate Ballistic Drift Velocity in Carbon Nanotubes
... electric field, the bands are flat. The velocity vectors for the randomly moving stochastic electrons cancel each other giving net drift equal to zero, as shown in the flat band diagram of Figure 3. In a homogenous CNT, equal numbers from left and right are entering the free path. This random motion ...
... electric field, the bands are flat. The velocity vectors for the randomly moving stochastic electrons cancel each other giving net drift equal to zero, as shown in the flat band diagram of Figure 3. In a homogenous CNT, equal numbers from left and right are entering the free path. This random motion ...
The Atom - Urantia Foundation
... that 17 atoms are off slightly. If you study these 17 elements you can see that they can be organized in 3 groups. If you carefully look at the blocks in figure 4 you will see tiny arrows above some of the symbols. Let’s do an example of group 1. What are the 4 quantum numbers for Chromium (Cr) atom ...
... that 17 atoms are off slightly. If you study these 17 elements you can see that they can be organized in 3 groups. If you carefully look at the blocks in figure 4 you will see tiny arrows above some of the symbols. Let’s do an example of group 1. What are the 4 quantum numbers for Chromium (Cr) atom ...
Problems, Puzzles and Prospects: A Personal Perspective on
... any model of quark substructure. 12 Furthermore, virtually no substructure models seriously address the property of the standard model that cries out for substructure, i.e., the fermion spectrum. To get onto a more positive track, I wish to ask: When is the soonest something dramatic must turn up in ...
... any model of quark substructure. 12 Furthermore, virtually no substructure models seriously address the property of the standard model that cries out for substructure, i.e., the fermion spectrum. To get onto a more positive track, I wish to ask: When is the soonest something dramatic must turn up in ...
Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it ""the jewel of physics"" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.