Research and Teaching Notes
... mistakes and word choice parts of the examinations were not taken into consideration. Among the grammatical mistakes, more than two thirds are word order or related problems, or in other words, position confusion of various words in the sentences. Among them, there are different types of word mispla ...
... mistakes and word choice parts of the examinations were not taken into consideration. Among the grammatical mistakes, more than two thirds are word order or related problems, or in other words, position confusion of various words in the sentences. Among them, there are different types of word mispla ...
The thin line between facts and fiction Hubert Haider, FB Linguistik
... is not the structure but the non-distinctness of the two wh-items in (2f). It is this property that seems to be an intolerable processing impediment. Incidentally, Müller (1995:324) claims that the in-situ subject (2g) in comparison to an in-situ object (2e) is more marginal because of a grammatical ...
... is not the structure but the non-distinctness of the two wh-items in (2f). It is this property that seems to be an intolerable processing impediment. Incidentally, Müller (1995:324) claims that the in-situ subject (2g) in comparison to an in-situ object (2e) is more marginal because of a grammatical ...
Sentence Pattern Four: Subject–Verb–Direct Object–Object
... Sentence Pattern Four: Subject–Verb–Direct Object–Object Complement (S-V-DO-OC) The next sentence pattern includes an object complement. In this pattern, the direct object is followed by a group of words that completes the object’s meaning by renaming or describing it. In the following examples, the ...
... Sentence Pattern Four: Subject–Verb–Direct Object–Object Complement (S-V-DO-OC) The next sentence pattern includes an object complement. In this pattern, the direct object is followed by a group of words that completes the object’s meaning by renaming or describing it. In the following examples, the ...
Trond Trosterud University of Tromsø
... The pronoun mii may be a personal or interrogative. The rule states that if there is a PL1 verb to the left, with no other words than adverbs between the two, then the personal pronoun reading is selected. In order to get the correct reading for copula, the ConNeg form (the form connected to negativ ...
... The pronoun mii may be a personal or interrogative. The rule states that if there is a PL1 verb to the left, with no other words than adverbs between the two, then the personal pronoun reading is selected. In order to get the correct reading for copula, the ConNeg form (the form connected to negativ ...
Baker
... are set in terms of data presented to the person acquiring a particular language. The grammar of a language can be regarded as a particular set of values for these parameters, while the overall system of rules, principles, and parameters is UG, which we may take to be one element of human biological ...
... are set in terms of data presented to the person acquiring a particular language. The grammar of a language can be regarded as a particular set of values for these parameters, while the overall system of rules, principles, and parameters is UG, which we may take to be one element of human biological ...
Comprehensive Exams - Philadelphia University Jordan
... 72. ( “site” , “sight” ) , ( right , write , rite and wright ) are examples of : a. homography b. homophony c. homonymy d. all of the above 73. “rancid bacon” , “rancid butter”, “addled brains” , “addled eggs”, are examples of: a. collocation meaning b. connotative meaning c. denotation meaning d. a ...
... 72. ( “site” , “sight” ) , ( right , write , rite and wright ) are examples of : a. homography b. homophony c. homonymy d. all of the above 73. “rancid bacon” , “rancid butter”, “addled brains” , “addled eggs”, are examples of: a. collocation meaning b. connotative meaning c. denotation meaning d. a ...
Noun Phrases and Independent Clauses
... McDonald’s is cheap is one reason for its popularity. is not a sentence because “McDonald’s is cheap” is not a noun phrase and thus cannot be the subject of a sentence. Therefore, McDonald’s is cheap is one reason for its popularity. is not a sentence because there is no subject. However, an indepen ...
... McDonald’s is cheap is one reason for its popularity. is not a sentence because “McDonald’s is cheap” is not a noun phrase and thus cannot be the subject of a sentence. Therefore, McDonald’s is cheap is one reason for its popularity. is not a sentence because there is no subject. However, an indepen ...
1 Representations for dominance/precedence structure
... (iii) John kissed the baby and the politician. (iv) The baby and the politician were kissed by John. A phrase category (nonterminal), by analogy with a word category, is determined by identity under substitution contexts. For instance, what is called a noun phrase is simply an equivalence class of s ...
... (iii) John kissed the baby and the politician. (iv) The baby and the politician were kissed by John. A phrase category (nonterminal), by analogy with a word category, is determined by identity under substitution contexts. For instance, what is called a noun phrase is simply an equivalence class of s ...
Lecture 7 - Linguistics and English Language
... If so, we know what a defining characteristic of raising verbs must be. Despite being active verbs, they must have deficient Case-properties; they are not able to assign Accusative to the subject of their non-finite complement, like an Exceptional Case Marking verb can. (Nor can the subject of a non ...
... If so, we know what a defining characteristic of raising verbs must be. Despite being active verbs, they must have deficient Case-properties; they are not able to assign Accusative to the subject of their non-finite complement, like an Exceptional Case Marking verb can. (Nor can the subject of a non ...
Practical syntax - (`Dick`) Hudson
... This diagram is just as simple as the structure it represents. The sentence contains four words, so the diagram shows precisely four units (one per word) and their interrelations. These relations are shown by the arrows, which point towards the word which bears the grammatical function shown by the ...
... This diagram is just as simple as the structure it represents. The sentence contains four words, so the diagram shows precisely four units (one per word) and their interrelations. These relations are shown by the arrows, which point towards the word which bears the grammatical function shown by the ...
Diction
... 1. Kindled implies the beginning of a fire, a glowing of easily ignited material used to start a fire. The purpose of the sentence is to capture a moment, a scene of fawns and early morning. The word kindled suits the purpose of the sentence because it aptly expresses the glow of the fawns’ white pa ...
... 1. Kindled implies the beginning of a fire, a glowing of easily ignited material used to start a fire. The purpose of the sentence is to capture a moment, a scene of fawns and early morning. The word kindled suits the purpose of the sentence because it aptly expresses the glow of the fawns’ white pa ...
Sentence Variety
... Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce dependent clauses. after before so that when who although how that whether whom as if until which whose because since what while why (Although he smoked), he ran five miles a day and he walked an extra mile. (subordinate clause) (2 Independent clause ...
... Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce dependent clauses. after before so that when who although how that whether whom as if until which whose because since what while why (Although he smoked), he ran five miles a day and he walked an extra mile. (subordinate clause) (2 Independent clause ...
Grammar Lesson Three Syntax Patterns
... presence and functions of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The patterns are most easily classified according to the type of verb used: Verb of being patterns (1, 2, 3) use a form of the verb to be as the main verb in the sentence. ...
... presence and functions of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The patterns are most easily classified according to the type of verb used: Verb of being patterns (1, 2, 3) use a form of the verb to be as the main verb in the sentence. ...
(I) Word Classes and Phrases
... attribute or role of the SUBJECT. Sometimes it expresses an attribute or role of the OBJECT. Almost always comes after the Predicator. A = ADVERBIAL An Adverbial, Prepositional or Noun Phrase which usually specifies some condition related to the Predicator, e.g. when, where or how some action occurr ...
... attribute or role of the SUBJECT. Sometimes it expresses an attribute or role of the OBJECT. Almost always comes after the Predicator. A = ADVERBIAL An Adverbial, Prepositional or Noun Phrase which usually specifies some condition related to the Predicator, e.g. when, where or how some action occurr ...
PowerPoint
... A constituent is a group of words which function as a unit. If you can replace part of the sentence with another constituent (the smallest constituent being a single word), this tells us that the replaced section of the sentence is a constituent. This isn’t foolproof, but it usually works if you try ...
... A constituent is a group of words which function as a unit. If you can replace part of the sentence with another constituent (the smallest constituent being a single word), this tells us that the replaced section of the sentence is a constituent. This isn’t foolproof, but it usually works if you try ...
(I) Word Classes and Phrases
... An Adverbial, Prepositional or Noun Phrase which usually specifies some condition related to the Predicator, e.g. when, where or how some action occurred. It is by far the most mobile of the sentence elements, and can occur in many different positions in a sentence (the other four sentence elements ...
... An Adverbial, Prepositional or Noun Phrase which usually specifies some condition related to the Predicator, e.g. when, where or how some action occurred. It is by far the most mobile of the sentence elements, and can occur in many different positions in a sentence (the other four sentence elements ...
Learning from Parsed Sentences with INTHELEX
... unstructured text. Research in this field has produced a variety of tools and techniques for English, that cannot be applied to other languages, such as Italian, because of the different, and sometimes much more complex, grammatical structure. Such considerations led us to develop a prototypical Ita ...
... unstructured text. Research in this field has produced a variety of tools and techniques for English, that cannot be applied to other languages, such as Italian, because of the different, and sometimes much more complex, grammatical structure. Such considerations led us to develop a prototypical Ita ...
Prepositional, INFINITIVE, and Gerunds Prepositional phrases
... 3) Wild food adventures require getting your hair cut to a short, safe length. 4) Jamming too much clothing into a washing machine will result in disaster. 5) Bernard hates buttering toast with a fork. 6) Buttering toast with a fork, Bernard vowed that he would finally wash the week's worth of dirty ...
... 3) Wild food adventures require getting your hair cut to a short, safe length. 4) Jamming too much clothing into a washing machine will result in disaster. 5) Bernard hates buttering toast with a fork. 6) Buttering toast with a fork, Bernard vowed that he would finally wash the week's worth of dirty ...
Grimshaw on Inversion
... notion of markedness. A typical linguistic phenomenon involves marked features in a grammatical expression being used to convey special meaning. For example, an alteration to the ‘normal’ word order pattern may be associated with the expression of something extra, such as a focus or topic interpreta ...
... notion of markedness. A typical linguistic phenomenon involves marked features in a grammatical expression being used to convey special meaning. For example, an alteration to the ‘normal’ word order pattern may be associated with the expression of something extra, such as a focus or topic interpreta ...
Name:
... As if If Though As long as Inasmuch as Unless As soon as In order that Until When As though Provided (that) Whenever Phrase – A group of words in a sentence that acts as a part of speech and is without subjects and verbs. Prepositional Phrase – A group of words that begins with a preposition and u ...
... As if If Though As long as Inasmuch as Unless As soon as In order that Until When As though Provided (that) Whenever Phrase – A group of words in a sentence that acts as a part of speech and is without subjects and verbs. Prepositional Phrase – A group of words that begins with a preposition and u ...
Talbanken05: A Swedish Treebank with Phrase Structure and
... the MAMBA scheme (Teleman, 1974), and was a very impressive achievement at the time of its creation. However, by modern standards it is probably best characterized as a “proto-treebank”, since the annotation format makes it rather difficult to use with contemporary parsers and treebank tools. In ord ...
... the MAMBA scheme (Teleman, 1974), and was a very impressive achievement at the time of its creation. However, by modern standards it is probably best characterized as a “proto-treebank”, since the annotation format makes it rather difficult to use with contemporary parsers and treebank tools. In ord ...
Language Typology
... • SOV and SVO are significantly more common than OSV. • The other orders (OVS, VSO, VOS) are essentially non-existent. • Pragmatics (explanations based on practicality) can explain the observed trends. • SV order can be attributed to the fact that there is a tendency for subjects to be topics – comm ...
... • SOV and SVO are significantly more common than OSV. • The other orders (OVS, VSO, VOS) are essentially non-existent. • Pragmatics (explanations based on practicality) can explain the observed trends. • SV order can be attributed to the fact that there is a tendency for subjects to be topics – comm ...
The Transfer Phase In an English-Japanese
... Same syntactic forms in English (direct objects, prepositional phrases with specific prepositions, etc.) are often expressed differently in syntactic forms in Japanese. It is obvious that there are no one-to-one correspondences between syntactic functions of two languages and therefore, transforming ...
... Same syntactic forms in English (direct objects, prepositional phrases with specific prepositions, etc.) are often expressed differently in syntactic forms in Japanese. It is obvious that there are no one-to-one correspondences between syntactic functions of two languages and therefore, transforming ...
Color Coded Signs (MS Word)
... If you remove the second white part – do you still have a complete sentence? No. This is called a subordinate clause Sometimes we call it a dependent clause – it depends on the second part to be complete. Can you bounce the orange / white part to the back of the sentence? That tells you that ...
... If you remove the second white part – do you still have a complete sentence? No. This is called a subordinate clause Sometimes we call it a dependent clause – it depends on the second part to be complete. Can you bounce the orange / white part to the back of the sentence? That tells you that ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.