Document
... My concern in analysing the element –NYA here, is to look at its synchronic distributions in the nominal domain. There are two main questions I would like to raise about –NYA, namely, (i) what element is –NYA actually? (is it the same element in all constructions, or some different elements?), and ( ...
... My concern in analysing the element –NYA here, is to look at its synchronic distributions in the nominal domain. There are two main questions I would like to raise about –NYA, namely, (i) what element is –NYA actually? (is it the same element in all constructions, or some different elements?), and ( ...
1 Chinese Passives in Comparative Perspective C.
... VP and a lexical one in which it forms a compound with a following V. A natural question arises as to whether these forms are to be derivationally related, and how. As we shall see below, the answer to the first question is no. But before addressing this question, let us start with the problem of an ...
... VP and a lexical one in which it forms a compound with a following V. A natural question arises as to whether these forms are to be derivationally related, and how. As we shall see below, the answer to the first question is no. But before addressing this question, let us start with the problem of an ...
complete issue - FRITT
... based on her PhD thesis defended at ILOS in 2013. Her comparative study involves twelve different Slavic languages with examples taken from the ParaSol corpus. The different distribution of imperfective and perfective aspect in Slavic ...
... based on her PhD thesis defended at ILOS in 2013. Her comparative study involves twelve different Slavic languages with examples taken from the ParaSol corpus. The different distribution of imperfective and perfective aspect in Slavic ...
Japanese Revised edition
... This is a significantly expanded, revised version of JAPANESE, a part of the London Oriental and African Language Library series, originally published in 2002. The main purpose of this book is to provide an introductory, but comprehensive, overview of major aspects of the Japanese language for stud ...
... This is a significantly expanded, revised version of JAPANESE, a part of the London Oriental and African Language Library series, originally published in 2002. The main purpose of this book is to provide an introductory, but comprehensive, overview of major aspects of the Japanese language for stud ...
MS Word - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
... 2.1.2.3 Formal specifications of the nuclear transitivity .......................................... 14 2.1.2.4 Types of Circumstances................................................................................ 16 2.1.2.4.1 Description of prepositional phrases ................................... ...
... 2.1.2.3 Formal specifications of the nuclear transitivity .......................................... 14 2.1.2.4 Types of Circumstances................................................................................ 16 2.1.2.4.1 Description of prepositional phrases ................................... ...
1 Rise of the Auxiliaries: a case for auxiliary raising vs. affix
... be initially merged. Obviously certain modal verbs such as epistemic must need not be merged in this projection, but it appears to be a required merge position for many other modals.5 Having established a hierarchy from which to work, Section 3 presents an outline of the two fundamental analyses tha ...
... be initially merged. Obviously certain modal verbs such as epistemic must need not be merged in this projection, but it appears to be a required merge position for many other modals.5 Having established a hierarchy from which to work, Section 3 presents an outline of the two fundamental analyses tha ...
A Copula Analysis of shì in the Chinese Cleft Construction
... whether shì is a copula when it occurs in a cleft sentence. Paris (1979), Chao (1968), Li & Thompson (1981), K. Li (2008), Cheng (2008), Paul & Whitman (2008), Hole (2011), among others, suggest that shì is simply a verb, thus functioning as a copula verb in cleft sentences. However, other linguists ...
... whether shì is a copula when it occurs in a cleft sentence. Paris (1979), Chao (1968), Li & Thompson (1981), K. Li (2008), Cheng (2008), Paul & Whitman (2008), Hole (2011), among others, suggest that shì is simply a verb, thus functioning as a copula verb in cleft sentences. However, other linguists ...
Phrase Structure and Grammatical Relations in Tagalog
... Grammar. Tagalog is a non-configurational language in which the grammatical subject does not occupy a unique structural position. Nevertheless, the grammar of Tagalog makes crucial reference to the notion of grammatical subjecthood. This fact shows that grammatical subjecthood cannot be defined in t ...
... Grammar. Tagalog is a non-configurational language in which the grammatical subject does not occupy a unique structural position. Nevertheless, the grammar of Tagalog makes crucial reference to the notion of grammatical subjecthood. This fact shows that grammatical subjecthood cannot be defined in t ...
interrogatives and relatives in some varieties of english
... which a relevant amount of data is drawn and the methodological approach adopted during the fieldwork, focusing, in particular, on some problematic aspects. The second Chapter consists of a descriptive overview of the main standard and nonstandard strategies of direct interrogative clause formation ...
... which a relevant amount of data is drawn and the methodological approach adopted during the fieldwork, focusing, in particular, on some problematic aspects. The second Chapter consists of a descriptive overview of the main standard and nonstandard strategies of direct interrogative clause formation ...
Gerund Handout
... A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence t ...
... A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence t ...
Pre and Post-modifying As in an English Noun Phrase
... syntactical criteria of adjectives as a part of speech. The last thing which will be discussed in the first chapter of this thesis will be the function of adjectives from the syntactical point of view. Adjectives and A phrases have three main functions which are predicate, attributive and complement ...
... syntactical criteria of adjectives as a part of speech. The last thing which will be discussed in the first chapter of this thesis will be the function of adjectives from the syntactical point of view. Adjectives and A phrases have three main functions which are predicate, attributive and complement ...
chapter i introduction
... theory of English Grammar proposed by Quirk It was stated that “adverbials is a group words which does the same job as adverb, thus giving information about when where, or in what circumstances something happens.” (1990: xviii). She also used the translation theory for the research since the topic ...
... theory of English Grammar proposed by Quirk It was stated that “adverbials is a group words which does the same job as adverb, thus giving information about when where, or in what circumstances something happens.” (1990: xviii). She also used the translation theory for the research since the topic ...
Verb Meaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax
... with the term ‘syntax’, and I will assume that the system itself is universal, in the sense of underlying all instantiations of human language. Under the view I will be pursuing here (and one that is implicit in much work within minimalist syntax, and even earlier), this is the only linguistically r ...
... with the term ‘syntax’, and I will assume that the system itself is universal, in the sense of underlying all instantiations of human language. Under the view I will be pursuing here (and one that is implicit in much work within minimalist syntax, and even earlier), this is the only linguistically r ...
Clause Types
... VP T VP can can lead a horse make him to water drink since there must be a CP in the second clause, for SAI, then there must ALSO be a CP in the first clause. Therefore all ©Andrew Carnie, 2006clauses have a CP, even if the C head is null. ...
... VP T VP can can lead a horse make him to water drink since there must be a CP in the second clause, for SAI, then there must ALSO be a CP in the first clause. Therefore all ©Andrew Carnie, 2006clauses have a CP, even if the C head is null. ...
FORMATIVE B
... a.Although I don't like to owe people money, I decline his offer of a loan. b.Although I don't like to owe people money, I accepted his offer of a loan. c.Although his offers of a loan, I don't take money. d.I didn't take the money since I don't like to owe people money. 28. (objective 14/4) “While ...
... a.Although I don't like to owe people money, I decline his offer of a loan. b.Although I don't like to owe people money, I accepted his offer of a loan. c.Although his offers of a loan, I don't take money. d.I didn't take the money since I don't like to owe people money. 28. (objective 14/4) “While ...
1 Mood Alternation in Modal Existential Constructions in Spanish
... New York English have been claimed to have MECs (Caponigro 2003, Grosu 2004). Cross-‐linguistically, there is a great deal of variation regarding which wh-‐words can be used in MECs. Languages clu ...
... New York English have been claimed to have MECs (Caponigro 2003, Grosu 2004). Cross-‐linguistically, there is a great deal of variation regarding which wh-‐words can be used in MECs. Languages clu ...
Metaphor and Lexical Semantics
... Functional categories are often described as ‘structural elements’ of language. They are the ‘linguistic glue’ that holds sentences together, and so, their expressions are described as being semantically ‘thin’. Our metaphor probe will give some substance to this (often very rough-and-ready) idea. B ...
... Functional categories are often described as ‘structural elements’ of language. They are the ‘linguistic glue’ that holds sentences together, and so, their expressions are described as being semantically ‘thin’. Our metaphor probe will give some substance to this (often very rough-and-ready) idea. B ...
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction
... about English as our principal source of data. In keeping with standard linguistic practice, we will use an asterisk to mark an expression that is not well-formed – that is, an expression that doesn’t ‘sound good’ to our ears. Here are some examples from English: Example 1 The adjectives unlikely an ...
... about English as our principal source of data. In keeping with standard linguistic practice, we will use an asterisk to mark an expression that is not well-formed – that is, an expression that doesn’t ‘sound good’ to our ears. Here are some examples from English: Example 1 The adjectives unlikely an ...
PERFECTIVITY MIGHT NOT SCOPE OVER MODALITY
... encapsulated and sent off, at the end of each phase, to the interface components for phonological and semantic interpretation. Whichever approach one might adopt, one still needs to state what exactly would force LF movement, i.e. one has to make additional assumptions to explain why LF movement tak ...
... encapsulated and sent off, at the end of each phase, to the interface components for phonological and semantic interpretation. Whichever approach one might adopt, one still needs to state what exactly would force LF movement, i.e. one has to make additional assumptions to explain why LF movement tak ...
Null Theory of Creole Formation Based on Universal Grammar
... One oft-quoted exponent of this view is Frenchman Lucien Adam, for whom the Frenchderived Creoles of Guyane and Trinidad were ‘Negro-Aryan dialects’ created by Blacks from West Africa who ‘took French words [even as they] conserved, as much as possible, the phonetics and grammar of their mother tong ...
... One oft-quoted exponent of this view is Frenchman Lucien Adam, for whom the Frenchderived Creoles of Guyane and Trinidad were ‘Negro-Aryan dialects’ created by Blacks from West Africa who ‘took French words [even as they] conserved, as much as possible, the phonetics and grammar of their mother tong ...
Spanish Clitics, Events and Opposition Structure
... these two examples is considered indisputable). If we consider (10a) and (10d), probably interpreted as possessive or source, why should this difference arise? The only difference is the subject: jefe versus nene (‘boss’ versus ‘child’). And finally in (10e), why should this sentence be ambiguous in ...
... these two examples is considered indisputable). If we consider (10a) and (10d), probably interpreted as possessive or source, why should this difference arise? The only difference is the subject: jefe versus nene (‘boss’ versus ‘child’). And finally in (10e), why should this sentence be ambiguous in ...
Towards deep content extraction from specialized discourse: The case of ver-
... Relations are also essential in applications such as semantic lexicon construction, question answering, textual entailment, text generation, etc. As already mentioned, we are interested in the extraction of relations between complex objects described in patent claims. The claim section is the most i ...
... Relations are also essential in applications such as semantic lexicon construction, question answering, textual entailment, text generation, etc. As already mentioned, we are interested in the extraction of relations between complex objects described in patent claims. The claim section is the most i ...
(Popescu), Roxana-Iuliana, Coordination and
... adjective, adverb, interjection) does not mean that the attribute and the complement are two different types of fundamental parts of sentence. Thus, the concept of adjunct (lat. aiungere = add) has been promoted to designate a completion both of the name and of the verb. In this paper, we also used ...
... adjective, adverb, interjection) does not mean that the attribute and the complement are two different types of fundamental parts of sentence. Thus, the concept of adjunct (lat. aiungere = add) has been promoted to designate a completion both of the name and of the verb. In this paper, we also used ...
parameters and micro-parameters in arabic sentence structure
... clause structure in terms of dependency relations that link functional projections (i.e., the functional layer of sentence structure) to thematic elements. It is via this close relationship between thematic and functional elements that ‘functional relations’ are established whereby agreement relatio ...
... clause structure in terms of dependency relations that link functional projections (i.e., the functional layer of sentence structure) to thematic elements. It is via this close relationship between thematic and functional elements that ‘functional relations’ are established whereby agreement relatio ...
A Broad-Coverage Model of Prediction in Human Sentence
... Modeling prediction is a timely and relevant contribution to the field because recent experimental evidence suggests that humans predict upcoming structure or lexemes during sentence processing. However, none of the current sentence processing theories capture prediction explicitly. This thesis prop ...
... Modeling prediction is a timely and relevant contribution to the field because recent experimental evidence suggests that humans predict upcoming structure or lexemes during sentence processing. However, none of the current sentence processing theories capture prediction explicitly. This thesis prop ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.