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... Among humans, a widow's peak—a downward dip in the center of the hairline—is a singlegene trait. It is controlled by a single gene that has two alleles. Many traits are controlled by two or more genes and are, therefore, called polygenic traits. ...
Greater Latrobe School District Weekly Lesson Plan
Greater Latrobe School District Weekly Lesson Plan

... 1. Discuss the importance of fossil evidence in determining phylogeny. 2. Explain how populations diverge to produce distinct species. 3. Describe sexual selection and its effects on Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Instructional Strategies: 1. Complete the Fossil Evidence for Evolution Activity. 2. View ...
BIOL 123 Rev Apr 2013 - Glendale Community College
BIOL 123 Rev Apr 2013 - Glendale Community College

... Skill Level Ranges: Reading 6; Writing 6; Listening/Speaking 6; Math 3 ...
04Molles5e
04Molles5e

... No Immigration Equitable Fitness Between All Genotypes  Likely, at least one of these will not be met and allele frequencies will change.  Potential for evolutionary change in natural populations is very great. ...
Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection

... Evolutionary theory deals mainly with how life changed after its origin. ...
Four tenets of natural selection… Natural selection
Four tenets of natural selection… Natural selection

... Left-handed (sinistral) feed on RIGHT flank of prey ...
Evolution Notes Outline
Evolution Notes Outline

...  Competition among members of a species exist for food, living space, and the other necessities of life.  Survival of the Fittest – Individuals that are better suited to their environment – that it, with adaptations that enable fitness – survive and reproduce more successfully; Darwin referred to ...
Genetic Algorithm
Genetic Algorithm

... 4. Calculate the fitness of each individual chromosome: f (x1), f (x2), . . . , f (xN) 5. Select a pair of chromosomes for mating from the current population based on their fitness. 6. Create a pair of offspring chromosomes by applying the genetic operators − crossover and mutation. 7. Place the cre ...
Evolution by Natural Selection
Evolution by Natural Selection

... • NATURAL SELECTION: process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest • Only certain individuals can survive and reproduce ...
Document
Document

... – predicted or reconstructed direction of  – evolutionary constraints – genotype-phenotype relationship (development) – outbreeding depression and hybrid inviability – genetic differentiation – reproductive isolation ...
Document
Document

... Mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and natural selection are the mechanisms of evolution. Genetic variation among members of the same species is the key in determining change in a population. Different species can affect other species evolution by coevolution. The founder effect c ...
CHAPTER 16 EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS
CHAPTER 16 EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS

... such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water (See Fig 16-12 the Abert squirrel) - does not guarantee the formation of a new species - separated populations may mix due to lakes that become linked or land bridges that ...
key - Sacramento State
key - Sacramento State

... favored those color/patterns. A likely selection pressure that might have led to the observed color/pattern variation is predation because color and pattern can act as camouflage (called cryptic coloration) and provide protection from visual predators like birds of prey. The cryptic coloration ...
File
File

... - Single-gene trait – controlled by a single gene that has 2 alleles - Has fewer phenotypes than a polygenic trait - Show’s simple dominant-recessive pattern – Widow’s Peak ...
Chapter 11: Evolution and Natural Selection
Chapter 11: Evolution and Natural Selection

... 2. It can be difficult to apply the concept to populations that do not occur together in nature It is not possible to observe whether they would interbreed naturally 3. The concept is more limited than its name would imply Many organisms are asexual and reproduce without mating For these reasons, ot ...
Mechanism of Natural Selection
Mechanism of Natural Selection

... P. 247-248 What are the five important principles of natural selection? P. 250  What are two sources of variation?  What is a niche? P. 258 - 259  What is a species ?  What does it mean to be reproductively isolated?  What is divergent evolution?  What is adaptive radiation?  What is converg ...
Darwin`s Second Idea – Natural Selection
Darwin`s Second Idea – Natural Selection

... (after all these years) ...
How can tell if a trait is `adaptive?`
How can tell if a trait is `adaptive?`

... Scientists first documented cats' behavioural distaste for sugar in the 1970s. But no one could explain why domestic cats couldn't care less about candy. {here “why” means proximate mechanism, not ultimate (selective) function} Joseph Brand and his colleagues decided to sequence the regions of the d ...
document - Anthropology, Rutgers
document - Anthropology, Rutgers

... Adaptation; Steven J. Gould and Richard Lewontin’s “The Adaptationist Program” and its rebuttals; Is phylogenetic analysis more important than the study of adaptations? Is functional morphology a moribund science? How does one study adaptation in modern species?…And in fossil species? (Can this ever ...
Chapter 15 Darwin`s Theory of Evolution
Chapter 15 Darwin`s Theory of Evolution

... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Eopraptor_sketch5.png ...
AP Biology - TeacherWeb
AP Biology - TeacherWeb

... 1. What four factors can alter allele frequencies in a population? a. b. c. d. 2. What effect does natural selection have on the evolution of a population? ...
Selection-on-personality-lesson-plan
Selection-on-personality-lesson-plan

... Phenotype: Observable traits that result from a combination of genes and environment (G x E) Genotype: Genetic makeup of an organism Inherited: The trait or phenotype is passed on from parent to offspring Natural selection: Something in an organism’s habitat (either biotic or abiotic) causes some ph ...
Population Evolution
Population Evolution

... Population genetics genetic principles as they apply to entire populations of organisms Population group of organisms of the same species living in the same area Genotype the representation on the gene of an organism Phenotype the physical trait shown by a genotype Allele  different form of a g ...
How Populations Evolve
How Populations Evolve

... Linnaeus also introduced a system for grouping species into a hierarchy of categories Beyond the grouping of species within genera, taxonomy extends to progressively broader categories of classification - family, orders, classes, phyla (singular, phylum), kingdoms, and domains Grouping organisms int ...
A.) Variation in traits exists within a population. B.) The variation is
A.) Variation in traits exists within a population. B.) The variation is

... suggested that the earth was not young, but quite old, and that it had undergone considerable change over its history. Massive geologic formations, such as the Grand Canyon, were seen as the result of slow ...
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Evolutionary landscape

An evolutionary landscape is a metaphor; a construct used to think about and visualize the processes of evolution (e.g. natural selection and genetic drift) acting on a biological entity ( e.g., a gene, protein, population, species). This entity can be viewed as searching or moving through a search space. For example, the search space of a gene would be all possible nucleotide sequences. The search space is only part of an evolutionary landscape. The final component is the ""y-axis,"" which is usually fitness. Each value along the search space can result in a high or low fitness for the entity. If small movements through search space causes small changes in fitness are relatively small, then the landscape is considered smooth. Smooth landscapes happen when most fixed mutations have little to no effect on fitness, which is what one would expect with the neutral theory of molecular evolution. In contrast, if small movements result in large changes in fitness, then the landscape is said to be rugged. In either case, movement tends to be toward areas of higher fitness, though usually not the global optima.What exactly constitutes an ""evolutionary landscape"" is confused in the literature. The term evolutionary landscape is often used interchangeably with adaptive landscape and fitness landscape, though other authors distinguish between them. As discussed below, different authors have different definitions of adaptive and fitness landscapes. Additionally, there is large disagreement whether it should be used as a visual metaphor disconnected from the underlying math, a tool for evaluating models of evolution, or a model in and of itself used to generate hypotheses and predictions. Clearly, the field of biology, specifically evolutionary biology and population genetics, needs to come to a consensus of what an evolutionary landscape is and how it should be used.
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