Astrophysical Plasmas
... books listed in subsequent pages and/or re-drawn by us. The lack of proper source recognition in this first attempt at an online text is unforgiveable and we apologise most profusely. In 12 weeks one cannot possibly do justice to the physics which governs 50-95% of the universe (depending on your be ...
... books listed in subsequent pages and/or re-drawn by us. The lack of proper source recognition in this first attempt at an online text is unforgiveable and we apologise most profusely. In 12 weeks one cannot possibly do justice to the physics which governs 50-95% of the universe (depending on your be ...
MHD seismology as a tool to diagnose the coronae of X
... et al. 2008; Aschwanden & Schrijver 2011, and references cited therein). The longitudinal sausage oscillations can directly modify the density and thus the intensity, which may generate the X-ray QPOs emitted from the stellar coronae (e.g., Antolin & Van Doorsselaere 2013). While, the kink oscillati ...
... et al. 2008; Aschwanden & Schrijver 2011, and references cited therein). The longitudinal sausage oscillations can directly modify the density and thus the intensity, which may generate the X-ray QPOs emitted from the stellar coronae (e.g., Antolin & Van Doorsselaere 2013). While, the kink oscillati ...
GEM 2016 Program - Deakin University Blogs
... nanotechnology. Erwin received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degree (cum laude) in Applied Physics from the TU/e in 1996 and 2000, respectively. In his doctoral thesis work, he addressed the plasma-surface interaction during the deposition of amorphous silicon thin films and this research was partly carried o ...
... nanotechnology. Erwin received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degree (cum laude) in Applied Physics from the TU/e in 1996 and 2000, respectively. In his doctoral thesis work, he addressed the plasma-surface interaction during the deposition of amorphous silicon thin films and this research was partly carried o ...
Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view
... commencements,DPY or cusp currents, NBZ (northward in- opened field lines antisunward,also creating an internal terplanetary field)currents,anda wide variety of magnetic convection system [Dungey, 1961]. Both processesappear pulsations. Thesevariationsare causedby fluctuations in dif- to be involved ...
... commencements,DPY or cusp currents, NBZ (northward in- opened field lines antisunward,also creating an internal terplanetary field)currents,anda wide variety of magnetic convection system [Dungey, 1961]. Both processesappear pulsations. Thesevariationsare causedby fluctuations in dif- to be involved ...
Potentials of surfaces in space
... largest potentials were observed during times of magnetic activity as these synchronousorbit spacecraft entered the Earth’s shadow. In quiet conditions, the equilibrium potential of a spacecraft at synchronous orbit (6.6 Earth radii) is of the order of a few volts positive as the result of a balance ...
... largest potentials were observed during times of magnetic activity as these synchronousorbit spacecraft entered the Earth’s shadow. In quiet conditions, the equilibrium potential of a spacecraft at synchronous orbit (6.6 Earth radii) is of the order of a few volts positive as the result of a balance ...
1 - UCLA IGPP
... the recent (Fall ‘07) AGU meeting, and are being submitted in three special volumes of SSR, GRL and JGR. They have been well covered in the press and electronic media, including CNN’s most popular science stories. THEMIS will be the anchor of NASA’s “Heliosphysics Great Observatory” in the magnetosp ...
... the recent (Fall ‘07) AGU meeting, and are being submitted in three special volumes of SSR, GRL and JGR. They have been well covered in the press and electronic media, including CNN’s most popular science stories. THEMIS will be the anchor of NASA’s “Heliosphysics Great Observatory” in the magnetosp ...
The physics of fusion power
... This velocity is around 106 m/s for a Deuterium nuclei, and 6 · 107 m/s for an electron. If the reactor would have a typical size of 10 m, all the material would be lost to the wall in 10 micro-seconds. This of course demands a special scheme of operation in which one either tries to prevent the rap ...
... This velocity is around 106 m/s for a Deuterium nuclei, and 6 · 107 m/s for an electron. If the reactor would have a typical size of 10 m, all the material would be lost to the wall in 10 micro-seconds. This of course demands a special scheme of operation in which one either tries to prevent the rap ...
Laser ion acceleration – principle and applications - Heinrich
... The field distribution can be generalized to two or three dimensions by assuming the expansion to start later and the electron density to be lower at larger distances from the centre of the interaction. Munib Amin – ILPP Düsseldorf ...
... The field distribution can be generalized to two or three dimensions by assuming the expansion to start later and the electron density to be lower at larger distances from the centre of the interaction. Munib Amin – ILPP Düsseldorf ...
Periodic Spectral Line Asymmetries In Solar Coronal Structures From Slow Magnetoacoustic Waves
... of the order of sity perturbation, Doppler shifts due to the wave sity. as Wea shall assume, for thesmall sake amplitude of clarity inplane what follows, slow wave one-dimensional, sound l Zanna 2008), and thermal line broadening due to the wave tem that over the range of temperatures that the slow ...
... of the order of sity perturbation, Doppler shifts due to the wave sity. as Wea shall assume, for thesmall sake amplitude of clarity inplane what follows, slow wave one-dimensional, sound l Zanna 2008), and thermal line broadening due to the wave tem that over the range of temperatures that the slow ...
u sw - UCLA IGPP
... • Characteristics of a shock : – The disturbance propagates faster than the signal speed. In gas the signal speed is the speed of sound, in space plasmas the signal speeds are the MHD wave speeds. – At the shock front the properties of the medium change abruptly. In a hydrodynamic shock, the pressur ...
... • Characteristics of a shock : – The disturbance propagates faster than the signal speed. In gas the signal speed is the speed of sound, in space plasmas the signal speeds are the MHD wave speeds. – At the shock front the properties of the medium change abruptly. In a hydrodynamic shock, the pressur ...
Io`s interaction with Jupiter`s magnetosphere
... lies approximately in the magnetic equator and wobbles around Io with the ~ 10 hour period. Right: the giant cloud seen from above is centered on Io but extends many RJ along Io’s orbit................................................................................................................. 1 ...
... lies approximately in the magnetic equator and wobbles around Io with the ~ 10 hour period. Right: the giant cloud seen from above is centered on Io but extends many RJ along Io’s orbit................................................................................................................. 1 ...
Charge Breeding of Radioactive Ions
... charged particles (or intense lasers). The conservation of energy and momentum favours electrons as the most efficient ionizing particles compared to protons and photons, for example. The electronimpact ionization cross-sections are of the order of 10−16 cm2 for neutral atoms, approximately matchi ...
... charged particles (or intense lasers). The conservation of energy and momentum favours electrons as the most efficient ionizing particles compared to protons and photons, for example. The electronimpact ionization cross-sections are of the order of 10−16 cm2 for neutral atoms, approximately matchi ...
Figure 2 - Universität Düsseldorf
... using a reaction-diffusion model. Within this model the reactive gas diffuses into the co-deposits and subsequently reacts in a thermally activated process. The co-deposits are pyrolysed, forming volatile gases, e.g. CO2 and H2O. These gases are pumped from the vacuum vessel and recycled. Applying t ...
... using a reaction-diffusion model. Within this model the reactive gas diffuses into the co-deposits and subsequently reacts in a thermally activated process. The co-deposits are pyrolysed, forming volatile gases, e.g. CO2 and H2O. These gases are pumped from the vacuum vessel and recycled. Applying t ...
Fast-ion transport and neutral beam current drive in
... In present day fusion devices fast ions are mainly generated by neutral beam injection (NBI). They heat plasmas through collisions with electrons and ions and, if injected with a sufficiently parallel velocity component, their associated current drive can be used to reach non-inductive conditions or ...
... In present day fusion devices fast ions are mainly generated by neutral beam injection (NBI). They heat plasmas through collisions with electrons and ions and, if injected with a sufficiently parallel velocity component, their associated current drive can be used to reach non-inductive conditions or ...
Identification of natural plasma emissions observed close to the
... and Isee sounders, with their characteristics adapted to the requirements of the Cluster objectives in terms of frequency range and time resolution (Décréau et al., 1997). The purpose of this paper is to test and to illustrate the capabilities of the instrument in the identification of natural pla ...
... and Isee sounders, with their characteristics adapted to the requirements of the Cluster objectives in terms of frequency range and time resolution (Décréau et al., 1997). The purpose of this paper is to test and to illustrate the capabilities of the instrument in the identification of natural pla ...
Chapter 4 MHD Equilibrium and Stability
... (e.g., [?, ?, ?, ?]). Because of the variation in x the solutions are applicable only at sufficient distances (≥ 10RE ) from the Earth. These equilibria can be constructed as fully kinetic solutions. In the MHD approximation they solve the static MHD equations. A simple example for this class of ana ...
... (e.g., [?, ?, ?, ?]). Because of the variation in x the solutions are applicable only at sufficient distances (≥ 10RE ) from the Earth. These equilibria can be constructed as fully kinetic solutions. In the MHD approximation they solve the static MHD equations. A simple example for this class of ana ...
Simulation of the formation of antihydrogen in a nested Penning trap:
... rates of detected antihydrogen atoms (sometimes in excess of 400 s−1 ) were around an order of magnitude greater than those characteristic of the radiative process. (Reference [17] obtained the radiative formation rate 1.55×10−16 Te−0.63 ne s−1 , with Te in kelvin and ne in m−3 , which with the expe ...
... rates of detected antihydrogen atoms (sometimes in excess of 400 s−1 ) were around an order of magnitude greater than those characteristic of the radiative process. (Reference [17] obtained the radiative formation rate 1.55×10−16 Te−0.63 ne s−1 , with Te in kelvin and ne in m−3 , which with the expe ...
Internal plasma potential measurements of a Hall thruster using
... reached. Adequate heating is reached when the plasma potential profile no longer changes with increased electron emission and the probe enters the space-charge limited regime. If electron emission is increased further, it is possible for the probe to enter regime 共iii兲 共shown in Fig. 7兲. This is an ...
... reached. Adequate heating is reached when the plasma potential profile no longer changes with increased electron emission and the probe enters the space-charge limited regime. If electron emission is increased further, it is possible for the probe to enter regime 共iii兲 共shown in Fig. 7兲. This is an ...
Laboratory studies of waves and instabilities in dusty plasmas
... which are either externally introduced or internally grown in the plasma, acquire large negative charges and form Coulomb lattices as was theoretically anticipated by Ikezi [1986]. Ikezi argued that since a dust grain can hold a large number of electrons, the average potential energy of the dust com ...
... which are either externally introduced or internally grown in the plasma, acquire large negative charges and form Coulomb lattices as was theoretically anticipated by Ikezi [1986]. Ikezi argued that since a dust grain can hold a large number of electrons, the average potential energy of the dust com ...
Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Diagnostics for Tokamak Plasmas
... If charge is conserved we can add to these the continuity equation. We shall ignore the displacement current ∂D/∂t, and take µ = µo, the free space value, inside a plasma. Without the last term Equation 1.1 is Amperes law. We have effectively restricted ourselves to assuming ni = ne = n, the charge ...
... If charge is conserved we can add to these the continuity equation. We shall ignore the displacement current ∂D/∂t, and take µ = µo, the free space value, inside a plasma. Without the last term Equation 1.1 is Amperes law. We have effectively restricted ourselves to assuming ni = ne = n, the charge ...
Investigation of negative ions in Constricted Plasma Source
... The word ‘plasma’ is used to describe an ionized state of matter which is a collection of charged and neutral particles [13]. Taking into consideration the energy of the particles it constitutes, plasma is energetically the fourth state of matter in which electrons are separated from molecules and a ...
... The word ‘plasma’ is used to describe an ionized state of matter which is a collection of charged and neutral particles [13]. Taking into consideration the energy of the particles it constitutes, plasma is energetically the fourth state of matter in which electrons are separated from molecules and a ...
Development of electric currents in a magnetic field configuration
... boundary, where the plasma is moved, and below the null point, in a region where field line connectivity considerably changes. Conclusions. Our simulation shows that the presence of a magnetic null point does not necessarily mean that the strongest currents will form in or around the null, at the fa ...
... boundary, where the plasma is moved, and below the null point, in a region where field line connectivity considerably changes. Conclusions. Our simulation shows that the presence of a magnetic null point does not necessarily mean that the strongest currents will form in or around the null, at the fa ...
Kinetic effects on ion escape at Mars and Venus: Hybrid... E. Kallio and R. Jarvinen
... a small initial temperature of 6000 K. The size of the simulation box was −18,000 km < x < 18,000 km, −24,000 km < y, z < 24,000 km and new ions are generated within that volume. The new ions affect the incident undisturbed solar wind by decreasing its velocity and deviating its direction. The stren ...
... a small initial temperature of 6000 K. The size of the simulation box was −18,000 km < x < 18,000 km, −24,000 km < y, z < 24,000 km and new ions are generated within that volume. The new ions affect the incident undisturbed solar wind by decreasing its velocity and deviating its direction. The stren ...
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, ""anything formed"") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (the only matter known to exist for sure, the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasmas on Earth is seen in neon signs.Much of the understanding of plasmas has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific basis.