Characterizing and attributing the warming trend in sea and land
... In this paper, we characterize both the observed and underlying warming trends in hemispheric sea and land surface temperatures. We document important differences in the observed nonlinear trends in these temperature series which would suggest that the northern and southern hemispheres have responde ...
... In this paper, we characterize both the observed and underlying warming trends in hemispheric sea and land surface temperatures. We document important differences in the observed nonlinear trends in these temperature series which would suggest that the northern and southern hemispheres have responde ...
Text - American Meteorological Society
... changes in thermal advection, specifically from changes in time-mean surface temperature gradients, have been proposed as a dominant mechanism (Gregory and Mitchell 1995; van Ulden and van Oldenborgh 2006; de Vries et al. 2012; Screen 2014). This has also been mentioned as a less important driver in ...
... changes in thermal advection, specifically from changes in time-mean surface temperature gradients, have been proposed as a dominant mechanism (Gregory and Mitchell 1995; van Ulden and van Oldenborgh 2006; de Vries et al. 2012; Screen 2014). This has also been mentioned as a less important driver in ...
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the European Union
... profound changes in the near future. Due to its mixture of many functions and resources with often high population densities, the coastal zone is a complex area to manage and requires a holistic integrated approach. Three main triggers driving ICZM programmes are the increasing population density in ...
... profound changes in the near future. Due to its mixture of many functions and resources with often high population densities, the coastal zone is a complex area to manage and requires a holistic integrated approach. Three main triggers driving ICZM programmes are the increasing population density in ...
Climate change and natural disasters.
... There have been a number of serious natural disasters, such as floods or major forest fires, in Russia in recent years. The frequency and intensity of large-scale natural and technological incidents linked to extreme weather events have increased in the past ten years and will continue to increase. ...
... There have been a number of serious natural disasters, such as floods or major forest fires, in Russia in recent years. The frequency and intensity of large-scale natural and technological incidents linked to extreme weather events have increased in the past ten years and will continue to increase. ...
Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?
... present)]. The planet was in energy balance in both periods within a small fraction of 1 W/m2, as shown by considering the contrary: an imbalance of 1 W/m2 maintained a few millennia would melt all ice on the planet or change ocean temperature an amount far outside measured variations (Table S1 of 8 ...
... present)]. The planet was in energy balance in both periods within a small fraction of 1 W/m2, as shown by considering the contrary: an imbalance of 1 W/m2 maintained a few millennia would melt all ice on the planet or change ocean temperature an amount far outside measured variations (Table S1 of 8 ...
Climate Change, Sea-Level Rise and the Vulnerability of
... Finally, Raupach et al. (2007) and Canadell et al. (2007) have shown that global greenhouse-gas emissions are now tracking well above the (high-impact) A1FI scenario, and that the world is not yet following any reasonable mitigation pathway. Therefore, it seems reasonable to view the higher end of t ...
... Finally, Raupach et al. (2007) and Canadell et al. (2007) have shown that global greenhouse-gas emissions are now tracking well above the (high-impact) A1FI scenario, and that the world is not yet following any reasonable mitigation pathway. Therefore, it seems reasonable to view the higher end of t ...
GDI 12 – Warming Core
... group's results aligned closely with previous studies' findings, including ones carried out by groups such as NASA, the Hadley Center, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Our biggest surprise was that the new results agreed so closely with the warming values published previousl ...
... group's results aligned closely with previous studies' findings, including ones carried out by groups such as NASA, the Hadley Center, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Our biggest surprise was that the new results agreed so closely with the warming values published previousl ...
Sea Bear Under Siege, Polar Bears and Climate Change in Alaska
... mate and move between resting and denning areas. Almost certainly, the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea, where Alaska’s polar bears live, will be ice-free for extended periods in the summer—perhaps even the entire summer—within the next five years. Winter sea ice extent and thickness will also The good ...
... mate and move between resting and denning areas. Almost certainly, the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea, where Alaska’s polar bears live, will be ice-free for extended periods in the summer—perhaps even the entire summer—within the next five years. Winter sea ice extent and thickness will also The good ...
Climate-Induced Displacement of Alaska Native Communities
... temperatures are projected to rise 1.5-5° F (1-3 ºC) by 2030 and by 5-18° F (3-6.5 ºC) by 2100. Less sea ice covers the Arctic Ocean today than at any time in recent geologic history. At the same time, the land itself is also affected by temperature increases. Permanently frozen subsoil – permafrost ...
... temperatures are projected to rise 1.5-5° F (1-3 ºC) by 2030 and by 5-18° F (3-6.5 ºC) by 2100. Less sea ice covers the Arctic Ocean today than at any time in recent geologic history. At the same time, the land itself is also affected by temperature increases. Permanently frozen subsoil – permafrost ...
Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota
... the heat wave at a given location is expressed in ◦ C degreedays and is computed by integrating the excess temperature above the given threshold (in ◦ C) during the time the threshold has been exceeded (in days). The annual 99th percentile shows a significant interannual variability with basin avera ...
... the heat wave at a given location is expressed in ◦ C degreedays and is computed by integrating the excess temperature above the given threshold (in ◦ C) during the time the threshold has been exceeded (in days). The annual 99th percentile shows a significant interannual variability with basin avera ...
Modelling the evolution of Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland, since
... were used to calibrate the model to ablation and accumulation measurements on both Morteratsch and Pers glaciers for the period 2001–06 (Nemec and others, 2009). Most measurements are available for the ablation zone, while for the accumulation zone we rely on a handful of measurements from aluminium ...
... were used to calibrate the model to ablation and accumulation measurements on both Morteratsch and Pers glaciers for the period 2001–06 (Nemec and others, 2009). Most measurements are available for the ablation zone, while for the accumulation zone we rely on a handful of measurements from aluminium ...
Marine Science - Archimer
... The decade 2000–2009 was the warmest decade in the instrumental record. Global average (land and sea) temperatures reached record high levels in 2009 (Hansen et al., 2010). This global trend of increasing temperature is the result of the anthropogenic input of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere: t ...
... The decade 2000–2009 was the warmest decade in the instrumental record. Global average (land and sea) temperatures reached record high levels in 2009 (Hansen et al., 2010). This global trend of increasing temperature is the result of the anthropogenic input of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere: t ...
NPS SWAN report - UAF SNAP - University of Alaska Fairbanks
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
An Examination of the Factors Affecting Relative and Absolute Sea
... the delta region. If the frequency and magnitude of ENSO events increases with global climate change and rising global sea level, the impacts of storm surges will become increasingly more severe over the course of the 21st Century. The possibility of increased storm intensity and duration associated ...
... the delta region. If the frequency and magnitude of ENSO events increases with global climate change and rising global sea level, the impacts of storm surges will become increasingly more severe over the course of the 21st Century. The possibility of increased storm intensity and duration associated ...
WCRP Grand Challenge: Regional Sea Level Change and Coastal
... Contemporary global mean sea level rise will continue over many centuries as a consequence of anthropogenic climate warming, with the detailed pace and final amount of rise depending subst ...
... Contemporary global mean sea level rise will continue over many centuries as a consequence of anthropogenic climate warming, with the detailed pace and final amount of rise depending subst ...
Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide
... energy balance [1,2], is the human-made increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. Earth’s response to climate forcings is slowed by the inertia of the global ocean and the great ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica, which require centuries, m ...
... energy balance [1,2], is the human-made increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. Earth’s response to climate forcings is slowed by the inertia of the global ocean and the great ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica, which require centuries, m ...
CHAPTER 2 OUR CHANGING CLIMATE Climate Change Impacts in the United States
... 7. There have been changes in some types of extreme weather events over the last several decades. Heat waves have become more frequent and intense, especially in the West. Cold waves have become less frequent and intense across the nation. There have been regional trends in floods and drough ...
... 7. There have been changes in some types of extreme weather events over the last several decades. Heat waves have become more frequent and intense, especially in the West. Cold waves have become less frequent and intense across the nation. There have been regional trends in floods and drough ...
Climate and Climate Change
... 29) What best describes how Carbon Dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have changed in the last 500 years? A) Concentrations were steady until 1900 when they began to increase B) Concentrations increased until 1900 when they began to decrease C) Concentrations decreased until 1900 when they be ...
... 29) What best describes how Carbon Dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have changed in the last 500 years? A) Concentrations were steady until 1900 when they began to increase B) Concentrations increased until 1900 when they began to decrease C) Concentrations decreased until 1900 when they be ...
climate change and ocean acidification
... processes in the oceans, at both global and regional levels. The impacts of these changes on human health and socio-economics were also discussed (see Cheung et al., 2015). Key findings on physical processes in the oceans highlighted, with an extremely high certainty, that the upper ocean had warmed ...
... processes in the oceans, at both global and regional levels. The impacts of these changes on human health and socio-economics were also discussed (see Cheung et al., 2015). Key findings on physical processes in the oceans highlighted, with an extremely high certainty, that the upper ocean had warmed ...
Ocean and Sustainability Curriculum for American Spaces by the
... news related to the ocean from reputable sources like National Geographic and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The site hosts a wide variety of informational content, all of which is designed to stay relevant regardless of new ocean science findings. There are severa ...
... news related to the ocean from reputable sources like National Geographic and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The site hosts a wide variety of informational content, all of which is designed to stay relevant regardless of new ocean science findings. There are severa ...
American Spaces Facilitator Packet 3.17.15
... news related to the ocean from reputable sources like National Geographic and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The site hosts a wide variety of informational content, all of which is designed to stay relevant regardless of new ocean science findings. There are severa ...
... news related to the ocean from reputable sources like National Geographic and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The site hosts a wide variety of informational content, all of which is designed to stay relevant regardless of new ocean science findings. There are severa ...
English - Stockholm Convention
... review by Fox et al. (2009) the boundary for colder water/warmer water species have moved north wards for plankton, benthos, fishes and pole wards for some sea mammals during the last 30 years with increasing temperatures in the surface layers of the north-eastern Atlantic. Immigration of temperate ...
... review by Fox et al. (2009) the boundary for colder water/warmer water species have moved north wards for plankton, benthos, fishes and pole wards for some sea mammals during the last 30 years with increasing temperatures in the surface layers of the north-eastern Atlantic. Immigration of temperate ...
Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks
... ‘rapidity’ depends on scale, the difference between ‘committed’ and ‘realized’ change gives rise to a scale-invariant distinction. This distinction has an analogy in chemical systems, where kinetic rate limitation may cause a system’s transformation to lag significantly behind a shift in its equilib ...
... ‘rapidity’ depends on scale, the difference between ‘committed’ and ‘realized’ change gives rise to a scale-invariant distinction. This distinction has an analogy in chemical systems, where kinetic rate limitation may cause a system’s transformation to lag significantly behind a shift in its equilib ...