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The effects of topical application of phytonadione
The effects of topical application of phytonadione

... effective and 11 (19%) not effective (Table 2). Five patients developed contact dermatitis although the dose of the vitamin mixture used was low. These results might derive from differences in skin characteristics, such as skin barrier function or the size of melanosomes between whites and Asians. I ...
Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics Agents and Antiplatelet Drugs
Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics Agents and Antiplatelet Drugs

... –Patient’s underlying disorder –Concomitant use of aspirin or antiplatelet drugs. –Patient’s age - risk > 65 yrs old, hx of stroke, hx of GI bleeding –Bleeding with an INR < 3, usually due to some occult cause, GI or renal lesion ...
Microencapsulation of Vitamins - International Food Research Journal
Microencapsulation of Vitamins - International Food Research Journal

... encapsulation methods used originally in the 1930’s to encapsulate flavours using gum acacia (Shahidi and Han, 1993). The basic steps involved in spray dr ying include preparation of the dispersion or emulsion to be processed, homogenisation of the dispersion, and atomisation of the mass into the dr ...
multiple vitamins - DavisPlus
multiple vitamins - DavisPlus

... Absorption: Well absorbed from the GI tract after oral administration; some pro- ...
USMLE STEP 1 Review: Week 3, Biochemistry
USMLE STEP 1 Review: Week 3, Biochemistry

... (THF), coenzyme used in 1-carbon transfer/methylation reaction. Used in synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA/RNA  Deficiency: ○ Macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia ...
Micronutrients in Somalia - A pocket guide
Micronutrients in Somalia - A pocket guide

... micronutrient deficiencies has been neglected in Somalia in recent years. Acute malnutrition remains at levels significantly higher than those in comparable conditions in other countries in the region and are accompanied by equally unacceptable levels of mortality and morbidity. It is clear that the ...
Water Soluble Vitamins
Water Soluble Vitamins

...  140 ug/100g enriched grain  results in additional 100 ug/d  may reduce about 25% of NTDs  limited because of masking of B12 deficiency ...
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unsubscribe from this newsletter

... as Andrew Saul had with “conventional medicine.” Since he was young, he has felt that there is more to medicine than “silver-colored instruments and pain”. In the book, “Doctor Yourself,” Andrew advocates nutritional therapy to prevent and treat many diverse ailments; from alcoholism, cancer, diabet ...
cerebral palsy: strong bones, healthy kids
cerebral palsy: strong bones, healthy kids

... maintain   a   25-­‐OH-­‐D   level   between   70-­‐ 100nmol/L.     ...
Vitamin and Mineral Requirements
Vitamin and Mineral Requirements

... diseases and ageing. It is also important for the production of collagen (a component of skin) bones, cartilage, muscles and blood vessels. Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient for ensuring good dental health for the pregnant woman and her foetus, as it plays an important role in the development ...
Vegetarian Diet…Is it for you?
Vegetarian Diet…Is it for you?

... choose from. These are often made with a blend of vegetables, soy, and grains, providing a well-balanced source of protein. Vegetarian Diet Perks Vegetarian diets tend to be lower in or free of animal products, and lower in total and saturated fat and cholesterol. Many studies have shown that vegeta ...
Antenatal Mother
Antenatal Mother

... the calcium group (N = 94). Dietary calcium intake was similar in both groups at about 1200 mg/day. The calcium group had a lower incidence of preterm delivery (less than 37 weeks; 7.4% vs 21.1%; p = 0.007); spontaneous labor and preterm delivery (6.4% vs 17.9%; p = 0.01); and low birth weight (9.6% ...
Minerals: Calcium Boron Chloride Chromium Magnesium Cobalt
Minerals: Calcium Boron Chloride Chromium Magnesium Cobalt

... phytates, which are concentrated in the fibrous parts of grains and nuts. Similarly tannin, which is found in beans (especially dark colored beans), tea, coffee, and several other foods and spices, makes non-heme iron more difficult to absorb. Deficiencies of other nutrients can also aggravate anemi ...
Bone
Bone

... Development of the secondary ossification center Formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate ...
VitD Ca intakes Final
VitD Ca intakes Final

... Table 2 lists food and beverage categories and their relative contributions to daily calcium and ...
NEWER TRENDS IN HUMAN NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
NEWER TRENDS IN HUMAN NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

... functions and with adequate n-6 and n-3 fatty acids which will also help in keeping down the daily energy intake. Recommended daily fat intake for different ages of Indians is given in Table 8. Minerals:calcium Calcium is an essential mineral for bone formation, deficiency of which leads to reduced ...
Side effect overdose and contraindications
Side effect overdose and contraindications

... is often times due to the ingredients and/or carriers of the actual vitamin d itself. If you BELIEVE that you MAY be allergic to vitamin d because of a rash or itching, you can determine if you TRULY have an allergy to vitamin d supplements in two ways: If you regularly drink vitamin d fortified mil ...
Ideal ocular nutritional supplement
Ideal ocular nutritional supplement

... Conflicting evidence is presented for vitamins A and E in prevention of ocular disease; these vitamins have roles in the production of rhodopsin and prevention of lipid peroxidation respectively. B vitamins have been linked with a reduced risk of cataract and studies have provided evidence supportin ...
Text consolidated by Tulkošanas un terminoloģijas centrs
Text consolidated by Tulkošanas un terminoloģijas centrs

... specific disease or health problem and which, when used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may be used as the sole source of nutrition; and 4.3. nutritionally incomplete food, which, by its content, is intended for people with a specific disease or health problem, but which may not ...
EXCESSIVE SUN EXPOSURE – A DANGER FACTOR FOR THE SKIN
EXCESSIVE SUN EXPOSURE – A DANGER FACTOR FOR THE SKIN

... Having expressed concern about over exposure to the sun and the damage and serious risks that can occur, it is important to have balance about sun exposure. This is because we have now gone too far in some situations. We now know that there is a worldwide epidemic of Vitamin D deficiency. It is esti ...
Vitamin C content of some processed green leafy
Vitamin C content of some processed green leafy

... vegetable when compared to fresh. Green leafy vegetables are highly perishable and require careful processing in order to preserve the nutrients especially the water soluble vitamins. They are good sources of nutrients especially to the rural population in Africa. Drying of vegetables is a popular p ...
Chapter 1 – Title of Chapter
Chapter 1 – Title of Chapter

... epithelial (ep-i-THEE-lee-ul) cells: cells on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. epithelial tissue: the layer of the body that serves as a selective barrier between the body’s interior and the environment. Examples are the cornea of the eyes, the skin, the respiratory lining of the lungs, ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Vitamin B12 deficiency is very common in India, especially among vegetarians of low socioeconomic group. ...
Biological Significance of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) in
Biological Significance of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) in

... the gut and its re-absorption in the kidneys. Since the absorption mechanism in the gut and kidney can reach a saturation point, it is better to take multiple and smaller doses of vitamin C through out the day than one large dose. At higher intakes, the process is saturated; up to 180 mg, there is a ...
Vitamin B2 -- Riboflavin
Vitamin B2 -- Riboflavin

... dose is absorbed when taken with meals compared to 15% when taken separately. • Synthetic thyroid medication decreases absorption, but thyroid in general increases the absorption. • It should be noted that gastric acid is responsible for releasing B-2 from non-covalent bonding in foods so that it ma ...
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Vitamin C



Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid, or simply ascorbate (the anion of ascorbic acid), is an essential nutrient for humans and certain other animal species. Vitamin C describes several vitamers that have vitamin C activity in animals, including ascorbic acid and its salts, and some oxidized forms of the molecule like dehydroascorbic acid. Ascorbate and ascorbic acid are both naturally present in the body when either of these is introduced into cells, since the forms interconvert according to pH.Vitamin C is a cofactor in at least eight enzymatic reactions, including several collagen synthesis reactions that, when dysfunctional, cause the most severe symptoms of scurvy. In animals, these reactions are especially important in wound-healing and in preventing bleeding from capillaries. Ascorbate may also act as an antioxidant against oxidative stress. The fact that the enantiomer D-ascorbate (not found in nature) has identical antioxidant activity to L-ascorbate, yet far less vitamin activity, underscores the fact that most of the function of L-ascorbate as a vitamin relies not on its antioxidant properties, but upon enzymic reactions that are stereospecific. ""Ascorbate"" without the letter for the enantiomeric form is always presumed to be the chemical L-ascorbate.Ascorbate (the anion of ascorbic acid) is required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants. It is made internally by almost all organisms; the main exceptions are most bats, all guinea pigs, capybaras, and the Haplorrhini (one of the two major primate suborders, consisting of tarsiers, monkeys, and humans and other apes). Ascorbate is also not synthesized by some species of birds and fish. All species that do not synthesize ascorbate require it in the diet. Deficiency in this vitamin causes the disease scurvy in humans.Ascorbic acid is also widely used as a food additive, to prevent oxidation.
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