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Human Health, Carotenoids and the Pharmanex® BioPhotonic
Human Health, Carotenoids and the Pharmanex® BioPhotonic

... (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry are also important techniques for detecting carotenoids, but unlike optical methods, they are invasive as tissue samples are required. As an alternative, a new technique called the Pharmanex® BioPhotonic Scanner has been developed based on an optical method known as Reso ...
Observational study of caloric and nutrient intake, bone
Observational study of caloric and nutrient intake, bone

... I significantly impacts nutritional status and overall health. Early bulbar dysfunction results in failure to gain weight, weight loss, and/or acute or chronic aspiration [7]. Infants with low muscle mass are more likely to develop hypoglycemia in the setting of a catabolic state, since one of the ma ...
Study on The Effect of Traditional Cooking of Leafy Vegetables on
Study on The Effect of Traditional Cooking of Leafy Vegetables on

... minerals such as those of Ca, Fe, Cu, P, Zn, Cl, Na and others. The dominant basic elements in plants and vegetables are Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Na. These provide alkalizing effects, neutralizing the acidity produced by other foods, especially those of animal origin(Gupta et al. 2005). Minerals are very impo ...
“Food-Grown-Type” Nutrients Versus USP-Type
“Food-Grown-Type” Nutrients Versus USP-Type

... than USP-type nutrients and require at least 4 to 8 times as many tablets to provide equal doses. The nutrient doses in “food-grown-type” formulas were and still are much lower than nutrient doses provided by optimal-range potency formulas. For instance, while an optimal-range potency multi-vitamin ...
Dr. Lester Packer: Human Health, Carotenoids and the Pharmanex
Dr. Lester Packer: Human Health, Carotenoids and the Pharmanex

... and they often reflect a person's intake from recent meals rather than long-term antioxidant protection. Thus measurement of skin carotenoids by the BioPhotonic Scanner is more meaningful than most other tests used to assess antioxidant status. The other major advantage is, of course, convenience an ...
Intro to Metabolism II and Glycolysis
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vitamins and supplements
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Answers at Walgreens
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Facts about vitamins, minerals and other food components with

... origin (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthine) can be converted to vitamin A by an enzymatic process. Conversion is regulated by the body’s vitamin A status. Foods can be fortified with preformed vitamin A or provitamin-A carotenoids. Vitamin A activity is measured in Retinol Equivalents (RE). 1 ...
Meal Plan Project
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Zhang, Yajie. Cobalt. KNH 413 – Medical Nutrition Therapy II. Miami
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Nuts for you - Livingston County, NY
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... Brazil nuts. Brazil nuts really do come from Brazil- specifically, giant trees that grow in the Amazon rain forest. The nuts grow in clusters of 8 to 24 within a hardshelled, 4-to-6” coconut-like pod. They are highest among all nuts in saturated fat, but are an excellent source of magnesium and amo ...
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... Received 4 February 1998; revised 1 August 1998; accepted 18 August ...
Dietary Supplements for Professional Athletes
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Vitamin D Status and Cancer Incidence and Mortality - Direct-MS
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... cancer, in some cases over a decade before, it is unlikely that any association observed is spuriously due to the cancer influencing the blood level, a phenomenon referred to as reverse causation. Several studies have been based on the measurement of 25(OH)D in individuals already diagnosed with can ...
Optimum Nutrition: Medicine of the Future
Optimum Nutrition: Medicine of the Future

... SONAs and gives the amount of each essential vitamin and mineral that you need contained in your diet (with supplementation if necessary) for optimal health. The formula provides: Vitamin A 7500 i.u. - Retinol, a fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant, derived from animal sources such as dairy foods, f ...
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... • Wet beriberi is cardiovascular involvement of deficiency. • Result from high caloric intake & high level of activity without the required thiamine for carbohydrate metabolism. • Chronic form of wet beriberi consists of 3 stages. First peripheral vasodilation occurs  high cardiac output state. • T ...
Natural Therapies for Ocular Disorders Part Two
Natural Therapies for Ocular Disorders Part Two

... large percentage of the geriatric population exhibiting some signs of the lesion. Over one million cataract surgeries are performed yearly in this country alone.2 Cataracts are developmental or degenerative opacities of the lens of the eye, generally characterized by a gradual painless loss of visio ...
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Vitamin A



Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds, that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids, and beta-carotene. Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule necessary for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision. Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic acid (an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol), which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells.In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol (chemically an alcohol) in the small intestine. The retinol form functions as a storage form of the vitamin, and can be converted to and from its visually active aldehyde form, retinal.All forms of vitamin A have a beta-ionone ring to which an isoprenoid chain is attached, called a retinyl group. Both structural features are essential for vitamin activity. The orange pigment of carrots (beta-carotene) can be represented as two connected retinyl groups, which are used in the body to contribute to vitamin A levels. Alpha-carotene and gamma-carotene also have a single retinyl group, which give them some vitamin activity. None of the other carotenes have vitamin activity. The carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin possesses an ionone group and has vitamin activity in humans.Vitamin A can be found in two principal forms in foods:Retinol, the form of vitamin A absorbed when eating animal food sources, is a yellow, fat-soluble substance. Since the pure alcohol form is unstable, the vitamin is found in tissues in a form of retinyl ester. It is also commercially produced and administered as esters such as retinyl acetate or palmitate.The carotenes alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, gamma-carotene; and the xanthophyll beta-cryptoxanthin (all of which contain beta-ionone rings), but no other carotenoids, function as provitamin A in herbivores and omnivore animals, which possess the enzyme beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase which cleaves beta-carotene in the intestinal mucosa and converts it to retinol. In general, carnivores are poor converters of ionone-containing carotenoids, and pure carnivores such as cats and ferrets lack beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase and cannot convert any carotenoids to retinal (resulting in none of the carotenoids being forms of vitamin A for these species).↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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