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Table 4–2. SOURCES, FUNCTIONS, AND EFFECTS OF VITAMINS
Table 4–2. SOURCES, FUNCTIONS, AND EFFECTS OF VITAMINS

... Copyright © 2011 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, N.J. U.S.A. ...
Kofaktörler - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
Kofaktörler - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk

... Prosthetic groups- remains bound to enzyme - must return to original form Both cosubstrates and prosthetic groups supply reactive groups not present on amino acid side ...
Food and Mood
Food and Mood

... fine muscle coordination, so it is important to consume protein foods throughout the day. • Acetylcholine- best source: eggs o Acetylcholine is a brain chemical involved in concentration, focus, muscle coordination and memory Other nutrients and considerations with regards to food and mood: • Omega ...
UTM EatWell Going Vegan? Iron
UTM EatWell Going Vegan? Iron

... (something to be avoided as it robs you of energy and your ability to concentrate!), since meat alternatives like beans, tofu, and nuts are not as high in iron or as easily absorbed as the iron in meat. For this reason, the recommended daily iron intake for vegetarians and vegans is nearly twotimes ...
NUTRIONAL SUPPLEMENT
NUTRIONAL SUPPLEMENT

... Infants who are breastfed could also require additional vitamins K and D. (breast milk is often deficient in these vitamins). Infants breastfed by malnourished mothers or mothers who are vegetarian could also require additional vitamin B12. Unfortified infant formulas have lower amounts of iron tha ...
Pantesin HF55
Pantesin HF55

... Pantesin HF55 Pantesin is a high-quality pharmaceutical grade branded form of Pantethine that is a biological active form of Vitamin B5. Pantethine forms the reactive component of Coenzyme A (CoA) and the acyl-carrier protein (ACP). CoA and ACP are extensively involved in carbohydrate, lipid and ami ...
Impact of good nutrition for old age people and
Impact of good nutrition for old age people and

... ( Figures in parentheses denotes percentage value ) * Significant at 5 per cent level of significance Old age is best defined as the age of retirement that is, 60 years and above. Improvement in health care technology has resulted in increased life expectancy. The number of persons in old age has in ...
Chemistry in Focus 3rd edition Tro
Chemistry in Focus 3rd edition Tro

... • Helpers in cell functions • Nonpolar or fat soluble – Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K • Polar or water soluble – Vitamin B, vitamin C ...
Nutrition Lecture 7/8 - Website of Neelay Gandhi
Nutrition Lecture 7/8 - Website of Neelay Gandhi

... binding proteins. Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed by the intestine and carried by the circulatory system to the specific tissues that they will be put to use. The different types of vitamin are differentiated by their solubility in water. They can be stored enough to last for several weeks. In t ...
Vitamins for Runners
Vitamins for Runners

Supplements
Supplements

... possible interactions with other medications before you take them. It is always important to try and get your nutrients from food sources. This only highlights a few of the available supplements Remember quality research is lacking on the effectiveness and long term side effects of dietary supplemen ...
Leighton - Elgin Park Computers
Leighton - Elgin Park Computers

... Minerals help you grow and stay healthy Your body uses minerals to perform jobs Minerals help you maintain a normal heartbeat Everybody needs a trace of each mineral Everyone also needs larger amounts of minerals These minerals are needed each day Minerals also come in servings of fluids ...
Nutrition and Micronutrients in Pregnancy
Nutrition and Micronutrients in Pregnancy

Information on Formula
Information on Formula

... FS-72 also contains a rich organic protein base of amino acids & other trace minerals which are necessary for blood cell & muscle manufacturing. Creation of highly active anabolic environment with increased protein synthesis executing mental focused, strength and size immediately! ...
PDF -As a vegan, do I need to make an effort to get
PDF -As a vegan, do I need to make an effort to get

... neurological damage including blurred vision and memory loss. Recent research has also shown that adequate vitamin B12 levels can lower homocysteine levels in the blood, which is great news since elevated homocysteine levels can cause heart disease and strokes. Unfortunately, there is no reliable pl ...
Potential - Ingredients You Won`t Find in Mass Market Kids Vitamins
Potential - Ingredients You Won`t Find in Mass Market Kids Vitamins

... more expensive than ingredients used in mass market kids’ multivitamins, but we know quality makes all the difference. Patented Kids Potential is scientifically formulated to contain appropriate levels of important nutrients in accordance with Institute of Medicine recommendations and is used as par ...
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)

... clotting factors V11, 1X and X. A deficiency of vitamin K can accordingly lead to hemorrhage which cannot be stopped. It is responsible for activating bone proteins such as osteocalcin to bind with calcium to build healthy bones. This is particularly important for older individuals who lose calcium ...
biotin and folacin 413
biotin and folacin 413

... Vitamins are essential organic compounds that the animal organism is not capable of forming itself, although it requires them in small amounts for metabolism. ...
natural ways to prevent flu
natural ways to prevent flu

... vegetables are high in antioxidants which protect the body against infection. It is recommended to have ten servings a day of fruits and vegetables. If eating this high quantity of fruits and vegetables seems difficult, try a greens drink. My favourite greens drink is the minty Greens First by Docto ...
Document
Document

... (73 per cent) of people have vitamin D levels considered to be below the optimal for musculoskeletal health. For pregnant and breastfeeding women and for adults up to the age of 70, a daily dose of 15μg (or 600 IU) of dietary vitamin D is recommended. ...
document
document

... • Brain cells, muscle, skin, hair and nails are just some of the body parts that are protein-based. Estimates suggest that about half of the human body’s dry weight is made up of protein. Many of the foods we eat contain protein, particularly flesh foods (chicken, beef, lamb and fish) and legumes li ...
Pro-Cycle PMS Formula 120s
Pro-Cycle PMS Formula 120s

... stearate, aluminum salts, aluminum hydroxide (lakes), yeast bases, fish oil, corn, dairy products and artificial colors, flavors or preservatives. Amino acids used in the chelation of minerals and traces elements are derived from the hydrolysis of soybean proteins. Pro-Cylce PMS Formula is a multivi ...
B-Right - LuckyVitamin
B-Right - LuckyVitamin

... men; and supplementation with B6 is suggested as part of an overall program for managing stress. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to fatigue and degeneration of peripheral nerves.* ...
Caldogcium – concentrated Calcium supplement containing Beta
Caldogcium – concentrated Calcium supplement containing Beta

... A potent antioxidant. Selenium is also an antioxidant that assists with maintenance of general health and well being. It is well known that antioxidants, work better synergistically, this is why we have included a good level of other antioxidants in their natural state into our Vitamin E blend also. ...
Vitamin `C
Vitamin `C

... in bacteria,fungi, and plants. Animals must obtain it from their diet, and thus, for them, it is an essential nutrient. ...
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Vitamin A



Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds, that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids, and beta-carotene. Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule necessary for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision. Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic acid (an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol), which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells.In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol (chemically an alcohol) in the small intestine. The retinol form functions as a storage form of the vitamin, and can be converted to and from its visually active aldehyde form, retinal.All forms of vitamin A have a beta-ionone ring to which an isoprenoid chain is attached, called a retinyl group. Both structural features are essential for vitamin activity. The orange pigment of carrots (beta-carotene) can be represented as two connected retinyl groups, which are used in the body to contribute to vitamin A levels. Alpha-carotene and gamma-carotene also have a single retinyl group, which give them some vitamin activity. None of the other carotenes have vitamin activity. The carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin possesses an ionone group and has vitamin activity in humans.Vitamin A can be found in two principal forms in foods:Retinol, the form of vitamin A absorbed when eating animal food sources, is a yellow, fat-soluble substance. Since the pure alcohol form is unstable, the vitamin is found in tissues in a form of retinyl ester. It is also commercially produced and administered as esters such as retinyl acetate or palmitate.The carotenes alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, gamma-carotene; and the xanthophyll beta-cryptoxanthin (all of which contain beta-ionone rings), but no other carotenoids, function as provitamin A in herbivores and omnivore animals, which possess the enzyme beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase which cleaves beta-carotene in the intestinal mucosa and converts it to retinol. In general, carnivores are poor converters of ionone-containing carotenoids, and pure carnivores such as cats and ferrets lack beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase and cannot convert any carotenoids to retinal (resulting in none of the carotenoids being forms of vitamin A for these species).↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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