Sea-Floor Spreading
... Resulting Question: Are all of the oceans getting bigger? • Suggested Answer: Ocean floors do not keep spreading. Parts of the oceanic crust get plunged into deep-ocean trenches due to the process of subduction. ...
... Resulting Question: Are all of the oceans getting bigger? • Suggested Answer: Ocean floors do not keep spreading. Parts of the oceanic crust get plunged into deep-ocean trenches due to the process of subduction. ...
Ocean The World Ocean Ocean Floor Features
... 1 list the three types of ocean floor sediments. 2 describe the formation of terrigenous, biogenous and hydrogenous sediments. Resources from the Seafloor 1 identify ocean resources used for energy production. 2 explain how gas hydrates are formed. 3 list other types of ocean resources. Composition ...
... 1 list the three types of ocean floor sediments. 2 describe the formation of terrigenous, biogenous and hydrogenous sediments. Resources from the Seafloor 1 identify ocean resources used for energy production. 2 explain how gas hydrates are formed. 3 list other types of ocean resources. Composition ...
Cascadia: The Hidden Fire
... 1. Tell how much of the surface of the Earth is covered in water. What total volume? How much habitat? ...
... 1. Tell how much of the surface of the Earth is covered in water. What total volume? How much habitat? ...
File - Science by Shaw
... a fairly rigid layer of the earth that is composed of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle _________ the suggestion that all continents had once been joined in a single “supercontinent”, but have drifted apart. ____ a system of deep depressions in the seafloor _________ 3rd largest ocean b ...
... a fairly rigid layer of the earth that is composed of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle _________ the suggestion that all continents had once been joined in a single “supercontinent”, but have drifted apart. ____ a system of deep depressions in the seafloor _________ 3rd largest ocean b ...
oceans - TeacherWeb
... the South Pacific Ocean, is more than 35,000 feet (10,668 meters), or almost 6.6 miles (10.6 kilometers) deep. ...
... the South Pacific Ocean, is more than 35,000 feet (10,668 meters), or almost 6.6 miles (10.6 kilometers) deep. ...
What`s Down There?
... Shoreline: boundary where the land and ocean meet. Continental margin: where the underwater edge of a continent meets the ocean. Continental shelf: flat part of the continental margin covered with ocean water. Best fishing; large deposits of oil. ...
... Shoreline: boundary where the land and ocean meet. Continental margin: where the underwater edge of a continent meets the ocean. Continental shelf: flat part of the continental margin covered with ocean water. Best fishing; large deposits of oil. ...
Postdoctoral research scientist at Bigelow Laboratory
... to study the influence of ocean acidification on the biological processes that govern the concentrations and hence emission, of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the surface oceans. The work is associated with a recently funded NSF-project involving large-scale experiments on natural waters, with a focus on ...
... to study the influence of ocean acidification on the biological processes that govern the concentrations and hence emission, of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the surface oceans. The work is associated with a recently funded NSF-project involving large-scale experiments on natural waters, with a focus on ...
Acidification of Europe`s seas: an overview based on the European
... 1. Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) meadows: known as a hot-spot of biodiversity in the Med. sea, supporting hundreds of species as a shelter and nursery. Seagrass thrive well at increased CO2 levels, but major groups such as corals, sea urchins and calcified algae are removed from the ecosystem and ca ...
... 1. Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) meadows: known as a hot-spot of biodiversity in the Med. sea, supporting hundreds of species as a shelter and nursery. Seagrass thrive well at increased CO2 levels, but major groups such as corals, sea urchins and calcified algae are removed from the ecosystem and ca ...
Slide 1
... warm air in the tropics from the cold air over the poles. The thermal gradient drives the winds. Stratospheric ozone influences the temperature gradient ...
... warm air in the tropics from the cold air over the poles. The thermal gradient drives the winds. Stratospheric ozone influences the temperature gradient ...
Second Half of Chapter 5
... EL NIÑO (ENSO) EL NIÑO Southern Oscillation event is a periodic warming of surface waters of the tropical East Pacific that alters both ocean & atmospheric circulation. ...
... EL NIÑO (ENSO) EL NIÑO Southern Oscillation event is a periodic warming of surface waters of the tropical East Pacific that alters both ocean & atmospheric circulation. ...
Document
... _____ 21. Stream-like movements of cold, dense water near the ocean floor are called a. surface currents. b. deep currents. c. bottom currents. d. mixing currents. ...
... _____ 21. Stream-like movements of cold, dense water near the ocean floor are called a. surface currents. b. deep currents. c. bottom currents. d. mixing currents. ...
Salt water
... This drives deep ocean currents. They are important to marine animals living in the deep ocean as the retain the oxygen absorbed at the surface as well as the temperature and salinity. ...
... This drives deep ocean currents. They are important to marine animals living in the deep ocean as the retain the oxygen absorbed at the surface as well as the temperature and salinity. ...
Seawater Properties - Marine Biology Honors
... Dissolved gasses • 3 most important gasses in the ocean: – Oxygen – Carbon Dioxide – Nitrogen ...
... Dissolved gasses • 3 most important gasses in the ocean: – Oxygen – Carbon Dioxide – Nitrogen ...
Chapter Test A The Dynamic Earth
... _____ 4. the flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are placed in direct physical contact ...
... _____ 4. the flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are placed in direct physical contact ...
The ocean… Overfishing Marine debris Introduced species Pollution
... our atmosphere has changed due to human impact. Some of the human activities believed to be driving this change include the burning of coal and oil, urbanization, and deforestation. These human actions have led to increases of greenhouse gasses, which trap heat in our atmosphere and result in increa ...
... our atmosphere has changed due to human impact. Some of the human activities believed to be driving this change include the burning of coal and oil, urbanization, and deforestation. These human actions have led to increases of greenhouse gasses, which trap heat in our atmosphere and result in increa ...
The Ocean is Planet Earth`s Life Support System
... • Marine species may respond to ocean warming by altering their geographic ranges. Temperature change has been linked to geographic range extension and contractions in diverse marine animal and plant species, such as seaweeds, invertebrates and fish. For example, in the Northeast Atlantic, some pla ...
... • Marine species may respond to ocean warming by altering their geographic ranges. Temperature change has been linked to geographic range extension and contractions in diverse marine animal and plant species, such as seaweeds, invertebrates and fish. For example, in the Northeast Atlantic, some pla ...
Answer Key
... sunlight always filtered, water level does not change drastically; intertidal zone: temperature and salinity may change, sunlight is sometimes direct and sometimes filtered, water level changes drastically. 2. Coral reef: built-up limestone deposits formed by large colonies of ant-sized organisms ca ...
... sunlight always filtered, water level does not change drastically; intertidal zone: temperature and salinity may change, sunlight is sometimes direct and sometimes filtered, water level changes drastically. 2. Coral reef: built-up limestone deposits formed by large colonies of ant-sized organisms ca ...
Geological Controls on Seawater Composition
... Explain why the principal ions in seawater are sodium and chloride even though the principal ions in river water are calcium and bicarbonate. Why are ions like chloride and sulfate called “cyclic salts”? Sketch a graph of the concentration of a biologically utilized element vs. depth in the ocean. G ...
... Explain why the principal ions in seawater are sodium and chloride even though the principal ions in river water are calcium and bicarbonate. Why are ions like chloride and sulfate called “cyclic salts”? Sketch a graph of the concentration of a biologically utilized element vs. depth in the ocean. G ...
Word
... The large amount of heat required to melt ice and boil water are due to: (109) The term “salinity” refers to: (121) If the salinity of seawater increases, its density will: (114) The property of seawater used by salinometers to measure salinity is: (124) The two most abundant elements dissolved in s ...
... The large amount of heat required to melt ice and boil water are due to: (109) The term “salinity” refers to: (121) If the salinity of seawater increases, its density will: (114) The property of seawater used by salinometers to measure salinity is: (124) The two most abundant elements dissolved in s ...
Ocean Floor Soundwaves.usgs.gov The continental shelf is that part
... The continental shelf is that part of the continent that extends from the shoreline out to the continental slope. Continental shelves are very flat and their widths vary. The continental slope begins at the shelf edge, where water depth begins to increase rapidly. The continental rise descends gradu ...
... The continental shelf is that part of the continent that extends from the shoreline out to the continental slope. Continental shelves are very flat and their widths vary. The continental slope begins at the shelf edge, where water depth begins to increase rapidly. The continental rise descends gradu ...
Five Effects of Climate Change on the Ocean
... of the world’s land lies at or below 10 meters of elevation, change as currents take on cooler or warmer waters, affecting these areas contain 10 percent of the world’s human large areas of human habitation. Europe, for one, is already population—634 million people that are directly threatened affec ...
... of the world’s land lies at or below 10 meters of elevation, change as currents take on cooler or warmer waters, affecting these areas contain 10 percent of the world’s human large areas of human habitation. Europe, for one, is already population—634 million people that are directly threatened affec ...
loss of ocean biodiversity - Global Opportunity Network
... fields, discharges from septic tanks and feedlots, and emissions from combustion. The massive amount of CO2 we are pumping into the atmosphere isn’t just warming the climate and changing the ocean temperature— a quarter of it ends up in the oceans, where it works to lower the waters’ pH level and in ...
... fields, discharges from septic tanks and feedlots, and emissions from combustion. The massive amount of CO2 we are pumping into the atmosphere isn’t just warming the climate and changing the ocean temperature— a quarter of it ends up in the oceans, where it works to lower the waters’ pH level and in ...
How are Open-‐Ocean Dynamic Sea Level
... continental slope acts to smooth ocean-‐driven variations over very large length scales (over 10,000 km on the ocean's eastern boundary), that eastern boundary mean slopes are very robust, ...
... continental slope acts to smooth ocean-‐driven variations over very large length scales (over 10,000 km on the ocean's eastern boundary), that eastern boundary mean slopes are very robust, ...
draw a diagram of earth`s interior and label each
... OF LITHOSPHERIC PLATES AND WHERE DOES THIS OCCUR? DRAW A DIAGRAM DESCRIBING HOW THIS PROCESS WORKS CONVECTION OCCURS IN THE MANTLE WHEN COOL DENSE MATERIAL SINKS TO THE BOTTOM OF THE MANTLE NEAR THE CORE AND WARM LESS DENSE MATERIAL RISES TO THE TOP OF THE MANTLE TO HEAT EARTH’S SURFACE ...
... OF LITHOSPHERIC PLATES AND WHERE DOES THIS OCCUR? DRAW A DIAGRAM DESCRIBING HOW THIS PROCESS WORKS CONVECTION OCCURS IN THE MANTLE WHEN COOL DENSE MATERIAL SINKS TO THE BOTTOM OF THE MANTLE NEAR THE CORE AND WARM LESS DENSE MATERIAL RISES TO THE TOP OF THE MANTLE TO HEAT EARTH’S SURFACE ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.