Cooperation Studies of Catastrophe Avoidance: Implications for
... change than poor countries), and risk (poor countries are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than wealthy countries). Several studies have added greater ecological validity to the collective-risk game, by incorporating such inequalities. Tavoni et al. (2011) examined the impact of inhe ...
... change than poor countries), and risk (poor countries are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than wealthy countries). Several studies have added greater ecological validity to the collective-risk game, by incorporating such inequalities. Tavoni et al. (2011) examined the impact of inhe ...
What range of future scenarios should climate change policy be based on? -Modal falsificationism and its limitations
... (b) have been added by the author and indicate the ‘likely ranges’ from panel (a). Source: IPCC (2007, p. 14,15). The SPM does not contain a diagram with sea-level scenarios but displays the ranges in a table. Table 1 shows the ranges, comparing them with the TAR assessment. So, first of all, the 4A ...
... (b) have been added by the author and indicate the ‘likely ranges’ from panel (a). Source: IPCC (2007, p. 14,15). The SPM does not contain a diagram with sea-level scenarios but displays the ranges in a table. Table 1 shows the ranges, comparing them with the TAR assessment. So, first of all, the 4A ...
James Hurrell*1, Gerald A. Meehl1, David Bader2
... The global coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-cryosphere system exhibits a wide range of physical and dynamical phenomena with associated physical, biological and chemical feedbacks that collectively result in a continuum of temporal and spatial variability. The traditional boundaries between weather and ...
... The global coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-cryosphere system exhibits a wide range of physical and dynamical phenomena with associated physical, biological and chemical feedbacks that collectively result in a continuum of temporal and spatial variability. The traditional boundaries between weather and ...
`Towards a Resilient Sydney` - climate change adaptation planning
... impacts can be incorporated in cost benefit analysis, economic assessments, or design analyses. Also research products can be developed to support adaptation responses in different levels of strategic plans. An example of how new types information can be incorporated into evidence based studies is t ...
... impacts can be incorporated in cost benefit analysis, economic assessments, or design analyses. Also research products can be developed to support adaptation responses in different levels of strategic plans. An example of how new types information can be incorporated into evidence based studies is t ...
ST 2011 02
... Finally, since all independently created models are assumed to have independent errors and biases, the best projection is thought to be obtained by using the mean of several models (Meehl et al., 2007). The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) AOGCM ensemble is currently thought to provide the most ...
... Finally, since all independently created models are assumed to have independent errors and biases, the best projection is thought to be obtained by using the mean of several models (Meehl et al., 2007). The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) AOGCM ensemble is currently thought to provide the most ...
climate change adaptation in nigeria
... economic status and literary levels, but also there appears to be a spatial gradient in perception people’s from rural to urban areas (Gbadegesin and Ogundele, 2008). While regular perception studies are conducted in form of opinion survey in most developed countries, such surveys which are necessar ...
... economic status and literary levels, but also there appears to be a spatial gradient in perception people’s from rural to urban areas (Gbadegesin and Ogundele, 2008). While regular perception studies are conducted in form of opinion survey in most developed countries, such surveys which are necessar ...
Scientists - Environmental Defense Fund
... Counsel for amici curiae scientists hereby certifies, pursuant to D.C. Circuit Rule 29(d), that it is not practicable for these scientists to file a joint amicus brief with the other amici supporting petitioners and that it is thus necessary for the scientists to file a separate brief to state their ...
... Counsel for amici curiae scientists hereby certifies, pursuant to D.C. Circuit Rule 29(d), that it is not practicable for these scientists to file a joint amicus brief with the other amici supporting petitioners and that it is thus necessary for the scientists to file a separate brief to state their ...
How Does Climate Change Affect Agricultural Stability in Southeast
... with the added fact that the majority of its citizens are farmers and are extremely dependent upon the land, these same citizens are also overly exposed to severe impacts of climate change. Rural Zanzibari people have preserved traditional knowledge about agriculture, raising livestock, fishing, fo ...
... with the added fact that the majority of its citizens are farmers and are extremely dependent upon the land, these same citizens are also overly exposed to severe impacts of climate change. Rural Zanzibari people have preserved traditional knowledge about agriculture, raising livestock, fishing, fo ...
Detection and Attribution of External Influences on the Climate System
... hypothesis H A : a = 1 where 1 denotes a vector of units. Consistency between the observed and climate model simulated response to forcing (i.e., a finding that there is insufficient evidence to reject H A ) lends support to an attribution assessment, but does not on its own provide strong evidence ...
... hypothesis H A : a = 1 where 1 denotes a vector of units. Consistency between the observed and climate model simulated response to forcing (i.e., a finding that there is insufficient evidence to reject H A ) lends support to an attribution assessment, but does not on its own provide strong evidence ...
“It won`t be any good to have democracy if we don`t have a country
... the coalmine” (Nasheed, 2009a; see also Farbotko, 2010; Hamblyn, 2009). He then declared that the Maldives would become the world’s first carbon-neutral nation, helping “point the way out of the mine” (Nasheed, 2009a). In taking on this new geopolitical identity, citizens were encouraged to experimen ...
... the coalmine” (Nasheed, 2009a; see also Farbotko, 2010; Hamblyn, 2009). He then declared that the Maldives would become the world’s first carbon-neutral nation, helping “point the way out of the mine” (Nasheed, 2009a). In taking on this new geopolitical identity, citizens were encouraged to experimen ...
Climate Change and Variability
... Executive Summary This report describes changes which may occur over the coming century in the climate of the region administered by the Tasman District Council, and outlines some possible impacts of these changes. To set the context, we summarise key findings of the recent (2007) global climate ch ...
... Executive Summary This report describes changes which may occur over the coming century in the climate of the region administered by the Tasman District Council, and outlines some possible impacts of these changes. To set the context, we summarise key findings of the recent (2007) global climate ch ...
Hansen1998-ClimateForcings-in-the-IndustrialEra.p+
... The first method is based on aerosol-cloud modeling. The second approach is an inference of the forcing from observed changes in the diurnal cycle of surface air temperature. Aerosol-cloud models yield a range of estimates for cloud forcing. A typical result is approximately 21 Wym2, but it varies b ...
... The first method is based on aerosol-cloud modeling. The second approach is an inference of the forcing from observed changes in the diurnal cycle of surface air temperature. Aerosol-cloud models yield a range of estimates for cloud forcing. A typical result is approximately 21 Wym2, but it varies b ...
Long-Term Climate Trends and Extreme Events in Northern
... 3.1. Temperature and Precipitation Variability and Trends The weather stations were located over a wide range of latitudinal, altitudinal and continental-oceanic values (Figure 1, Table 1). The 100-year mean annual temperature ranged from −0.6 to 2.8 ◦ C across the stations. Tromsø (4) and Vardø (5) ...
... 3.1. Temperature and Precipitation Variability and Trends The weather stations were located over a wide range of latitudinal, altitudinal and continental-oceanic values (Figure 1, Table 1). The 100-year mean annual temperature ranged from −0.6 to 2.8 ◦ C across the stations. Tromsø (4) and Vardø (5) ...
UNDP Climate Change Inside Eng1
... I am very pleased to see the publication of this report: The other half of climate change: Why Indonesia must adapt to protect its poorest people. It provides significant information on the effects of climate change and emphasizes the importance of adaptation in order to protect all society especial ...
... I am very pleased to see the publication of this report: The other half of climate change: Why Indonesia must adapt to protect its poorest people. It provides significant information on the effects of climate change and emphasizes the importance of adaptation in order to protect all society especial ...
Increasing Mississippi river discharge throughout the 21st century
... ecological and plant physiological processes are generally oversimplified. Insufficient resolution in those studies makes it difficult to account for spatial heterogeneity in river networks and land surfaces, thereby introducing large uncertainties in estimating water fluxes at regional scales. Moreover ...
... ecological and plant physiological processes are generally oversimplified. Insufficient resolution in those studies makes it difficult to account for spatial heterogeneity in river networks and land surfaces, thereby introducing large uncertainties in estimating water fluxes at regional scales. Moreover ...
Adapting agriculture to climate change
... through adopting no-till, planting winter crops earlier and selecting more resilient cultivars. However, in the longer term, management for variability rather than change may deliver inappropriate, even maladaptive, solutions. An ongoing role for government under climate change is in technology, ski ...
... through adopting no-till, planting winter crops earlier and selecting more resilient cultivars. However, in the longer term, management for variability rather than change may deliver inappropriate, even maladaptive, solutions. An ongoing role for government under climate change is in technology, ski ...
Feedbacks and climate sensitivity
... - Is the system linear enough that is makes sense to isolate the individual feedbacks? (The Humpty Dumpty test) - Is the reference system and variable of interest clear when comparing different feedbacks? ...
... - Is the system linear enough that is makes sense to isolate the individual feedbacks? (The Humpty Dumpty test) - Is the reference system and variable of interest clear when comparing different feedbacks? ...
Building Climate Resilience in the Blue Nile/Abay Highlands: A Role
... research and applications aimed at building greater climate resilience in the area. In this context, we examine climate resilience at the community level, defining it as the ability of communities to withstand and recover from climate-induced stresses. Communities can engage in resilience-building a ...
... research and applications aimed at building greater climate resilience in the area. In this context, we examine climate resilience at the community level, defining it as the ability of communities to withstand and recover from climate-induced stresses. Communities can engage in resilience-building a ...
An Introduction to the Science of Climate Change
... Most of the international scientific and non-scientific community accepts that the earth’s climate is changing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change produced an extensive review document in 2001 that describes the most recent scientific data related to climate change from leading scientists ...
... Most of the international scientific and non-scientific community accepts that the earth’s climate is changing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change produced an extensive review document in 2001 that describes the most recent scientific data related to climate change from leading scientists ...
A RICARDIAN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH
... A growing number of studies indicate that the world is warming and will continue to warm as the concentration of greenhouse gases rises in the future (IPCC, 2001a; 2007). However, there remains considerable debate about how harmful climate change will actually be (IPCC, 2001b). This paper examines t ...
... A growing number of studies indicate that the world is warming and will continue to warm as the concentration of greenhouse gases rises in the future (IPCC, 2001a; 2007). However, there remains considerable debate about how harmful climate change will actually be (IPCC, 2001b). This paper examines t ...
Topic 12: Agriculture, Climate Change and Adaptation
... Adaptation and the treadmill Climate change and its continual progression raises a new demand on agriculture research and extension Traditionally in agriculture we did research on yield improvement and some maintenance for say pest resistance We could count on weather being stationary but now this ...
... Adaptation and the treadmill Climate change and its continual progression raises a new demand on agriculture research and extension Traditionally in agriculture we did research on yield improvement and some maintenance for say pest resistance We could count on weather being stationary but now this ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES UNCERTAINTY AND DECISION IN CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS
... issues, it is difficult to know how to interpret the information in Figure 1 in a standard probabilistic framework without making some strong subjective judgements about how to combine estimates from different studies (Knutti et al., 2010; Knutti, 2010). It would however be much too strong to say t ...
... issues, it is difficult to know how to interpret the information in Figure 1 in a standard probabilistic framework without making some strong subjective judgements about how to combine estimates from different studies (Knutti et al., 2010; Knutti, 2010). It would however be much too strong to say t ...
Dynamics of Culture and Climate Change and their Implications on
... ways. This is the reason for the widespread disagreement on how much and in what amount of time, emissions should be reduced and by whom. There have been major attempts to develop international climate change policies. In 1992, this led to the UNFCCC, the United Nations Framework Convention for Clim ...
... ways. This is the reason for the widespread disagreement on how much and in what amount of time, emissions should be reduced and by whom. There have been major attempts to develop international climate change policies. In 1992, this led to the UNFCCC, the United Nations Framework Convention for Clim ...
Poverty and climate change: Natural disasters, agricultural
... across crops and regions. These impacts are also extremely uncertain – they depend on the extent to which CO2 fertilization materialises, the availability of water, and the development of new varieties and techniques better suited to future climates. Productivity impacts will be transmitted through ...
... across crops and regions. These impacts are also extremely uncertain – they depend on the extent to which CO2 fertilization materialises, the availability of water, and the development of new varieties and techniques better suited to future climates. Productivity impacts will be transmitted through ...
Worksheets on Climate Change: Going under! The threat of rising
... for the small island nation of Tuvalu The scenarios and warnings of international scientists regarding climate change and its inevitable consequences must seem like a constant sword of Damocles hanging over the people of Tuvalu. In its new report (2013), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ...
... for the small island nation of Tuvalu The scenarios and warnings of international scientists regarding climate change and its inevitable consequences must seem like a constant sword of Damocles hanging over the people of Tuvalu. In its new report (2013), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ...
Michael E. Mann
Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American climatologist and geophysicist, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the temperature record of the past thousand years. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from ""noisy data"".As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes, Mann introduced innovative statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ""hockey stick graph"" because of its shape. He was one of 8 lead authors of the ""Observed Climate Variability and Change"" chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Report published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity. The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was won jointly by the IPCC and Al Gore.He was organizing committee chair for the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by Scientific American as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union. In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and awarded the status of distinguished professor in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.Mann is author of more than 160 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and has published two books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming in 2008 and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, published in early 2012. In 2013 the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as ""outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age"". He is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog RealClimate.