North Atlantic Ocean Wave Climate Change Scenarios for the
... is a need for additional projections of the future wave height climate that span the entire basin. The purpose of this study is to construct climate change scenarios of wave height in the North Atlantic, and to carry out a detailed assessment of changes in the projected wave heights. Strictly speaki ...
... is a need for additional projections of the future wave height climate that span the entire basin. The purpose of this study is to construct climate change scenarios of wave height in the North Atlantic, and to carry out a detailed assessment of changes in the projected wave heights. Strictly speaki ...
Decadal climate variability and potential predictability in the nordic
... caused by solar and volcanic activity. In the industrial period, increasing greenhouse gases and deforestation additionally affect temperature variability. However, Bauer et al. (2003) did not take any stand on what is the role of natural internal processes on NH temperature variations. Ineson et al ...
... caused by solar and volcanic activity. In the industrial period, increasing greenhouse gases and deforestation additionally affect temperature variability. However, Bauer et al. (2003) did not take any stand on what is the role of natural internal processes on NH temperature variations. Ineson et al ...
Climate Change Scenario Simulations over Area Climate Model:
... The climate of the eastern section of the Sahelian latitude, especially over the Eritrean subdomain, is often associated with long drought episodes from which the atmospheric mechanisms are poorly understood. In an effort to improve our knowledge of weather and climate systems over this region, the ...
... The climate of the eastern section of the Sahelian latitude, especially over the Eritrean subdomain, is often associated with long drought episodes from which the atmospheric mechanisms are poorly understood. In an effort to improve our knowledge of weather and climate systems over this region, the ...
Low Carbon Development Strategies
... »» a roadmap on how to implement the priority options nationally and sector specifically Grounded in national priorities and realities LCDS will logically need to identify options that are nationally appropriate. The national process for determination of appropriateness needs to include a broad ran ...
... »» a roadmap on how to implement the priority options nationally and sector specifically Grounded in national priorities and realities LCDS will logically need to identify options that are nationally appropriate. The national process for determination of appropriateness needs to include a broad ran ...
The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the
... Also, accurate BU assessments are hindered by our limited understanding of microbial and ...
... Also, accurate BU assessments are hindered by our limited understanding of microbial and ...
From Risk to Return: Investing in Climate Change Adaptation
... Extreme heat and heatwaves in Australia The international commitment to limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels (with a move towards 1.5°C) can be somewhat of a misnomer when talking about climate impacts such as heat. A 2°C target refers to an increase in global average temper ...
... Extreme heat and heatwaves in Australia The international commitment to limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels (with a move towards 1.5°C) can be somewhat of a misnomer when talking about climate impacts such as heat. A 2°C target refers to an increase in global average temper ...
Policy Tools for Local Adaptation to Sea Level Rise
... public opinion survey by Yale University found that the majority of Floridians are becoming more aware of climate change; however few are worried about local impacts. In Florida, as in many states, policies and processes are being put in place to help mitigate future climate change by reducing green ...
... public opinion survey by Yale University found that the majority of Floridians are becoming more aware of climate change; however few are worried about local impacts. In Florida, as in many states, policies and processes are being put in place to help mitigate future climate change by reducing green ...
the commander in chief`s authority to combat climate change
... infrastructure and planning. Nevertheless, the President insists on safeguarding critical military infrastructure pursuant to his Commander in Chief power and continues to invest and plan for climate change’s impact. Congress objects, unleashing a separation of powers standoff. Would Congress’s acti ...
... infrastructure and planning. Nevertheless, the President insists on safeguarding critical military infrastructure pursuant to his Commander in Chief power and continues to invest and plan for climate change’s impact. Congress objects, unleashing a separation of powers standoff. Would Congress’s acti ...
methods of modelling the future shift of the so called
... 2012, ALÖKI Kft., Budapest, Hungary ...
... 2012, ALÖKI Kft., Budapest, Hungary ...
Complex coastlines responding to climate change
... 2006a) to examine (a) whether, and under what conditions, coastline shapes exhibit quasi-equilibrium responses to changes in the angular distribution of approaching waves; and (b) whether there are conditions under which coastlines might retain long-term memory of previous wave-climate forcing. Such ...
... 2006a) to examine (a) whether, and under what conditions, coastline shapes exhibit quasi-equilibrium responses to changes in the angular distribution of approaching waves; and (b) whether there are conditions under which coastlines might retain long-term memory of previous wave-climate forcing. Such ...
Great Lakes National Parks in Peril
... Already underway in the Great Lakes region and its national parks are many changes consistent with human-caused climate change. • The Great Lakes national parks are now hotter, with temperatures that have gone up more in the last decade than the global average. According to a new analysis done for ...
... Already underway in the Great Lakes region and its national parks are many changes consistent with human-caused climate change. • The Great Lakes national parks are now hotter, with temperatures that have gone up more in the last decade than the global average. According to a new analysis done for ...
On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate
... Here, we assume that the adjustments to CO2 are negative (Fadj−co2 < 0). The intercept at ∆Ts = ∆Ts,0 (red cross) represents the adjusted radiative forcing estimated from fixed-SST experiments, in which the land surface temperature is allowed to adjust by ∆Ts,0 to increased CO2 , while holding the S ...
... Here, we assume that the adjustments to CO2 are negative (Fadj−co2 < 0). The intercept at ∆Ts = ∆Ts,0 (red cross) represents the adjusted radiative forcing estimated from fixed-SST experiments, in which the land surface temperature is allowed to adjust by ∆Ts,0 to increased CO2 , while holding the S ...
Climate Change Assessment for the San Juan Mountain Regions
... This report is a synthesis of the state of the science regarding the physical and biological aspects of climate change that are important for evaluating impacts to the water resources, ecosystems, and human communities in southwestern Colorado. The scientific findings in this report are presented to ...
... This report is a synthesis of the state of the science regarding the physical and biological aspects of climate change that are important for evaluating impacts to the water resources, ecosystems, and human communities in southwestern Colorado. The scientific findings in this report are presented to ...
Governing Climate Change: Towards a New Paradigm for Risk
... Longstanding disagreements over the quality of the information on which risk assessment and management should be based, over the dividing line between acceptable versus unacceptable risks, and over the choice of regulatory control techniques, have turned the field of risk regulation into an ideologi ...
... Longstanding disagreements over the quality of the information on which risk assessment and management should be based, over the dividing line between acceptable versus unacceptable risks, and over the choice of regulatory control techniques, have turned the field of risk regulation into an ideologi ...
Urban Climate Change Adaptation and - East
... climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adaptation strategies, programs and projects; and finally looks at the options available fo ...
... climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adaptation strategies, programs and projects; and finally looks at the options available fo ...
Urban Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience
... climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adaptation strategies, programs and projects; and finally looks at the options available fo ...
... climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adaptation strategies, programs and projects; and finally looks at the options available fo ...
Diverse policy implications for future ozone and surface UV in a
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
PDF
... the natural cycle of weather patterns in Australia and contribute to around $1 billion of insured losses annually (Compton and McAneney, 2008). The most recent IPCC AR5 WG2 report states with high confidence that ―existing environmental stresses will interact with, and in many cases be exacerbated b ...
... the natural cycle of weather patterns in Australia and contribute to around $1 billion of insured losses annually (Compton and McAneney, 2008). The most recent IPCC AR5 WG2 report states with high confidence that ―existing environmental stresses will interact with, and in many cases be exacerbated b ...
Namakwa District Municipality
... Figure 39: Priority areas identified in the National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area Project ..... 47 Figure 40: Priority areas identified in the Namakwa District Biodiversity Sector Plan .......................... 47 Figure 41: Commonage areas in the Namakwa District ............................ ...
... Figure 39: Priority areas identified in the National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area Project ..... 47 Figure 40: Priority areas identified in the Namakwa District Biodiversity Sector Plan .......................... 47 Figure 41: Commonage areas in the Namakwa District ............................ ...
Influence of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, natural
... Fine BC and POC emissions from aircraft were obtained by applying emission factors of 0.038 g BC/kg fuel [Petzold et al., 1999] to the fuel use data from Sutkus et al. [2001] and assuming a POC/BC emission ratio of 1:1. Those from shipping were estimated by dividing the gridded monthly sulfur shippi ...
... Fine BC and POC emissions from aircraft were obtained by applying emission factors of 0.038 g BC/kg fuel [Petzold et al., 1999] to the fuel use data from Sutkus et al. [2001] and assuming a POC/BC emission ratio of 1:1. Those from shipping were estimated by dividing the gridded monthly sulfur shippi ...
Why Maintaining Tropical Forests Is Essential and Urgent for a Stable Climate
... the short term and buys us time to develop other mitigation and adaptation strategies. Unlike experimental carbon dioxide removal technologies, trees (planted or left undisturbed) can and already do remove carbon from the atmosphere naturally, which is essential for meeting long-term climate targets ...
... the short term and buys us time to develop other mitigation and adaptation strategies. Unlike experimental carbon dioxide removal technologies, trees (planted or left undisturbed) can and already do remove carbon from the atmosphere naturally, which is essential for meeting long-term climate targets ...
Report No. www.epa.ie 135 The Development of an Irish Climate Information
... publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor the author(s) accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full, as a consequence of any person acting, or refraining from acti ...
... publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor the author(s) accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full, as a consequence of any person acting, or refraining from acti ...
A Summary of the Effects of Climate Change on
... MNR will gather, manage, and share information and knowledge about how ecosystem composition, structure and function – and the people who live and work in them – will be affected by a changing climate. Strategies: • Communicate internally and externally to build awareness of the known and potential ...
... MNR will gather, manage, and share information and knowledge about how ecosystem composition, structure and function – and the people who live and work in them – will be affected by a changing climate. Strategies: • Communicate internally and externally to build awareness of the known and potential ...
Climate change-induced water stress and its
... Southern Europe, while an increase in the North. However, the largest increases will be felt where very few people actually live – above 60°N, whereas large populations will be affected by shortages. Indeed, if climate change can be thought of as another ‘consumer’ of water, in some countries it wil ...
... Southern Europe, while an increase in the North. However, the largest increases will be felt where very few people actually live – above 60°N, whereas large populations will be affected by shortages. Indeed, if climate change can be thought of as another ‘consumer’ of water, in some countries it wil ...
Managing Coastal Vulnerability under Climate Change
... effects of human disturbance on coastal ecosystems (11). The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (7, 12) used available data and indicators to conclude that coastal and island ecosystems are already among the most highly threatened systems in the world. As all coastal ecosystems are downstream of upland ...
... effects of human disturbance on coastal ecosystems (11). The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (7, 12) used available data and indicators to conclude that coastal and island ecosystems are already among the most highly threatened systems in the world. As all coastal ecosystems are downstream of upland ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.