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Chapter 15 - Atmospheric Science Group
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... • Formed when oxides of nitrogen and sulfur combine with water vapor or liquid water to produce nitric acid and sulfuric acid • In water, allows toxic heavy metals to leach out and contaminate drinking water • Damage to structures, make lakes toxic ...
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... at this important EU-Taiwan NGO exchange on climate change and coastal adaptation, organized by the Taiwan Environmental Information Association. 2015 is decisive year in the effort to tackle climate change. We are preparing for a new global legally binding climate deal in Paris in December. The aim ...
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... Over the last 100 years, the global sea level has risen by about 10 to 25 cm. Sea level change is difficult to measure. Relative sea level changes have been derived mainly from tide-gauge data. In the conventional tide-gauge system, the sea level is measured relative to a land-based tide-gauge bench ...
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... report of the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, with sea levels worldwide likely rising one metre by the end of the century – even if countries start to drastically cut back on carbon emissions in the aftermath of the Copenhagen conference. More than any other country in ...
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Future sea level



The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.
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