The Relationship between Land–Ocean Surface Temperature
... observed land warming is predominantly caused by ocean warming, and that the direct effects of radiative forcing over land are of less importance. However, there are also GCM experiments in which radiative forcing is applied over land-only that relax toward a value of f consistent with that found wh ...
... observed land warming is predominantly caused by ocean warming, and that the direct effects of radiative forcing over land are of less importance. However, there are also GCM experiments in which radiative forcing is applied over land-only that relax toward a value of f consistent with that found wh ...
Treeline dynamics with climate change at the central Nepal Himalaya
... et al., 2011; Kirdyanov et al., 2012). A meta-analysis of a global data set, including 166 sites for which treeline dynamics had been recorded since AD 1900, showed that the treeline either advanced (52 % of sites) or remained unchanged, while only few treelines (1 %) declined under heavy anthropoge ...
... et al., 2011; Kirdyanov et al., 2012). A meta-analysis of a global data set, including 166 sites for which treeline dynamics had been recorded since AD 1900, showed that the treeline either advanced (52 % of sites) or remained unchanged, while only few treelines (1 %) declined under heavy anthropoge ...
Do Not Cite, Quote, or Distribute IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 7
... under demographic growth in terms of future emissions. Here new literature exists (cf. Pradhan et al. 2013, PlosOne, in press). These two chapters perfectly provide an option to discuss anthropogenic interference (what happens with emissions and climate when people proceeds as in the past) with clim ...
... under demographic growth in terms of future emissions. Here new literature exists (cf. Pradhan et al. 2013, PlosOne, in press). These two chapters perfectly provide an option to discuss anthropogenic interference (what happens with emissions and climate when people proceeds as in the past) with clim ...
Developing and Applying Scenarios
... marine pollution. Apart from the direct effects of CO2 enrichment, changes in other environmental factors rarely have been considered alongside climate changes in past impact assessments, although their use is increasing with the emergence of integrated assessment methods. Climate scenarios of three ...
... marine pollution. Apart from the direct effects of CO2 enrichment, changes in other environmental factors rarely have been considered alongside climate changes in past impact assessments, although their use is increasing with the emergence of integrated assessment methods. Climate scenarios of three ...
climate change and food security in southern african cities
... The current urban transition in the Global South should be at the heart of discussions about the relationship between climate change and food security. By mid-century, an additional 3 billion people will inhabit the planet, and almost all of this increase will be absorbed by cities in the South. In ...
... The current urban transition in the Global South should be at the heart of discussions about the relationship between climate change and food security. By mid-century, an additional 3 billion people will inhabit the planet, and almost all of this increase will be absorbed by cities in the South. In ...
Spring 2008 Summary
... locations within the United States, we qualitatively noticed that this line fell very close to the actual precipitation values plotted in the scatter plot, where control precipitation was plotted on the x-axis and quadrupled CO2 precipitation on the y-axis. In expanding the analysis, we desired to q ...
... locations within the United States, we qualitatively noticed that this line fell very close to the actual precipitation values plotted in the scatter plot, where control precipitation was plotted on the x-axis and quadrupled CO2 precipitation on the y-axis. In expanding the analysis, we desired to q ...
Climate Change and India: A 4x4 Assessment
... treated as a threat. International efforts to address climate change began with the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992. The importance and significance of the vulnerability of natural and human systems to climatic changes and adaptation to such changes is i ...
... treated as a threat. International efforts to address climate change began with the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992. The importance and significance of the vulnerability of natural and human systems to climatic changes and adaptation to such changes is i ...
ABSTRACT - Coastal Environmental Change Lab
... detectable in areas where the change in wave climate is less pronounced or on developed coastlines affected by shoreline stabilization efforts. Shoreline stabilization can dramatically change the way a cuspate coastline responds to a shift in wave climate, relative to what would occur without nouri ...
... detectable in areas where the change in wave climate is less pronounced or on developed coastlines affected by shoreline stabilization efforts. Shoreline stabilization can dramatically change the way a cuspate coastline responds to a shift in wave climate, relative to what would occur without nouri ...
Mesozoic Climates. - Return to Home Page
... variances. The overall distribution of climatological parameters, bounded by weather extremes, defines the climatic variability. Changes in climate can be defined by the differences between average conditions at two separate times. Climate may vary in different ways and over different time scales. V ...
... variances. The overall distribution of climatological parameters, bounded by weather extremes, defines the climatic variability. Changes in climate can be defined by the differences between average conditions at two separate times. Climate may vary in different ways and over different time scales. V ...
Adapting to Climate Change: Challenges for
... Power Generation – Hugh Fraser, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture – Jane Hanlon, Climate Action Niagara – Sal Iannello, City of Welland – Deanna Lindblad, Niagara Restoration Council and Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority – Bill Hunter, Niagara Region Public Health – Brad May, Environment Canada ...
... Power Generation – Hugh Fraser, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture – Jane Hanlon, Climate Action Niagara – Sal Iannello, City of Welland – Deanna Lindblad, Niagara Restoration Council and Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority – Bill Hunter, Niagara Region Public Health – Brad May, Environment Canada ...
2015 DOS GCCI Indicator Training
... The Department of State and USAID, drawing on technical expertise within both agencies and from within the development and security communities, have jointly developed standard indicators to measure what is being accomplished with foreign assistance. Standard foreign assistance indicators measure ou ...
... The Department of State and USAID, drawing on technical expertise within both agencies and from within the development and security communities, have jointly developed standard indicators to measure what is being accomplished with foreign assistance. Standard foreign assistance indicators measure ou ...
Climate Change and Himalayan Cold Deserts
... natural resources and economic conditions leading to accelerated resource degradation and associated environmental consequences, that adversely impact indigenous communities and their livelihoods. Blizzards, snowstorms and avalanches are common. The soil is not very productive and the climatic condi ...
... natural resources and economic conditions leading to accelerated resource degradation and associated environmental consequences, that adversely impact indigenous communities and their livelihoods. Blizzards, snowstorms and avalanches are common. The soil is not very productive and the climatic condi ...
pdf 4.8 MB - Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE
... specifically looked at CENTRAL EUROPE projects that fall under the theme of “Environmental risk management and climate change”. CENTRAL EUROPE projects that fall into this theme were found to benefit from their transnational nature, and these initiatives were deemed potentially more effective than s ...
... specifically looked at CENTRAL EUROPE projects that fall under the theme of “Environmental risk management and climate change”. CENTRAL EUROPE projects that fall into this theme were found to benefit from their transnational nature, and these initiatives were deemed potentially more effective than s ...
PDF
... Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany Bocconi and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) Milan, Italy ‡ Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Department of Economics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands § Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (F ...
... Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany Bocconi and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) Milan, Italy ‡ Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Department of Economics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands § Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (F ...
title
... The moist, tropical climate of the Marshall Islands is heavily influenced by the north-east trade wind belt. While trade winds prevail from December through April, periods of weaker winds and doldrums occur from May through November. Annual rainfall varies considerably from north to south within the ...
... The moist, tropical climate of the Marshall Islands is heavily influenced by the north-east trade wind belt. While trade winds prevail from December through April, periods of weaker winds and doldrums occur from May through November. Annual rainfall varies considerably from north to south within the ...
Southern Africa Climate Change Framework
... SADC region is one of the poorest regions in the world despite being endowed in natural resources. Approximately 45% of the total population lives on 1 US$ per day. Malnutrition is on average around 36.1% with a range of 44% to 72% across the region. Life expectancy has been declining over the years ...
... SADC region is one of the poorest regions in the world despite being endowed in natural resources. Approximately 45% of the total population lives on 1 US$ per day. Malnutrition is on average around 36.1% with a range of 44% to 72% across the region. Life expectancy has been declining over the years ...
Challenges and opportunities in research on climate, weather, water
... relevance and impact, whilst recognizing that the increasing complexity of atmospheric related environmental issues necessitates an increasingly partnership approach. ...
... relevance and impact, whilst recognizing that the increasing complexity of atmospheric related environmental issues necessitates an increasingly partnership approach. ...
PDF sample
... Economic growth, as expected, results in increases in both production and consumption of goods and services, and also generation of different types of pollution, waste, and by-products over a wide range of scales. Two important dimensions of the interaction between natural environmental resources an ...
... Economic growth, as expected, results in increases in both production and consumption of goods and services, and also generation of different types of pollution, waste, and by-products over a wide range of scales. Two important dimensions of the interaction between natural environmental resources an ...
Extreme precipitation response to climate perturbations in an
... dynamics of convective showers are not resolved in climate models and relatively simple parameterizations are used. It is often argued that the parameterizations and their interaction with the resolved dynamics are responsible for most of the uncertainty discussed above. In this letter we will focus ...
... dynamics of convective showers are not resolved in climate models and relatively simple parameterizations are used. It is often argued that the parameterizations and their interaction with the resolved dynamics are responsible for most of the uncertainty discussed above. In this letter we will focus ...
Chapter 2: Climate and Air Quality of Dutchess County, NY
... of climate change, the number of degree days each year has changed due to warming temperatures. The number cooling degrees has gradually increased during the past 60 years, including a record 1,049 in Poughkeepsie during 2005. Similarly, the number of heating degree days has decreased over the same ...
... of climate change, the number of degree days each year has changed due to warming temperatures. The number cooling degrees has gradually increased during the past 60 years, including a record 1,049 in Poughkeepsie during 2005. Similarly, the number of heating degree days has decreased over the same ...
The EU Climate Change Strategy under the Lens of Multi
... Against this background, the aim of this research is to examine the EU climate change policy and the role of the EU in the development of a global climate regime. For this purpose, three main research questions will be addressed. The first one touches upon the configuration and the evolution of the ...
... Against this background, the aim of this research is to examine the EU climate change policy and the role of the EU in the development of a global climate regime. For this purpose, three main research questions will be addressed. The first one touches upon the configuration and the evolution of the ...
WORD - UNCTAD Virtual Institute
... 0 to 2005 ................................................................................................................................. 60 Figure 20: Key properties of main aerosols in the troposphere .............................................. 62 Figure 21: Radiative forcing of the climate b ...
... 0 to 2005 ................................................................................................................................. 60 Figure 20: Key properties of main aerosols in the troposphere .............................................. 62 Figure 21: Radiative forcing of the climate b ...
Clathrate gun hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free
... geological heating, but more thawing is believed to be due to the greatly increased volumes of meltwater being discharged from the Siberian rivers flowing north.[24] Current methane release has previously been estimated at 0.5 Mt per year.[25] Shakhova et al. (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 ...
... geological heating, but more thawing is believed to be due to the greatly increased volumes of meltwater being discharged from the Siberian rivers flowing north.[24] Current methane release has previously been estimated at 0.5 Mt per year.[25] Shakhova et al. (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 ...
Sociological Perspectives on Global Climate Change
... scientific research community and made it to the top of many international policy making agendas. As the human causes and consequences of climate change have become increasingly apparent, social scientists have found themselves called on to contribute to the scientific understanding of the role of h ...
... scientific research community and made it to the top of many international policy making agendas. As the human causes and consequences of climate change have become increasingly apparent, social scientists have found themselves called on to contribute to the scientific understanding of the role of h ...
Volume 25, Nº1, 2011
... Fisheries and aquaculture are important sectors contributing to food security in Africa. In the article titled The future is now, Marie-Caroline Badjeck and Ndiaga Diop illustrate scenarios that can help Senegalese and Mauritanian fisheries adapt to climate change. They present fisheries situations ...
... Fisheries and aquaculture are important sectors contributing to food security in Africa. In the article titled The future is now, Marie-Caroline Badjeck and Ndiaga Diop illustrate scenarios that can help Senegalese and Mauritanian fisheries adapt to climate change. They present fisheries situations ...