Massachusetts v. EPA, 127 S.Ct. 1438 (2007)
... gases into the atmosphere -- may be producing a longterm and substantial increase in the average temperature on Earth," §1102(1), 101 Stat. 1408, Congress directed EPA to propose to Congress a "coordinated national policy on global climate change...Congress emphasized that "ongoing pollution and def ...
... gases into the atmosphere -- may be producing a longterm and substantial increase in the average temperature on Earth," §1102(1), 101 Stat. 1408, Congress directed EPA to propose to Congress a "coordinated national policy on global climate change...Congress emphasized that "ongoing pollution and def ...
PDO Annual has a period of 55-60 years
... Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. Climate model simulations suggest natural forcings alone (e.g., changes in solar irradiance) cannot explain the observed warming. L ...
... Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. Climate model simulations suggest natural forcings alone (e.g., changes in solar irradiance) cannot explain the observed warming. L ...
Climate Change, Agricultural Production and Food Security
... constant returns to scale technologies. Primary factor demands are derived from constant elasticity of substitution (CES) value added functions, while intermediate input demand by commodity group is determined by a Leontief fixed-coefficient technology. The decision of producers between production f ...
... constant returns to scale technologies. Primary factor demands are derived from constant elasticity of substitution (CES) value added functions, while intermediate input demand by commodity group is determined by a Leontief fixed-coefficient technology. The decision of producers between production f ...
Events | Climate Action
... development in developing countries. Developing countries, in particular the most vulnerable segments of populations will be hit earliest and hardest. These also have the lesser capacity to deal with climate change. Many developing countries’ economies heavily depend on natural resources, and key se ...
... development in developing countries. Developing countries, in particular the most vulnerable segments of populations will be hit earliest and hardest. These also have the lesser capacity to deal with climate change. Many developing countries’ economies heavily depend on natural resources, and key se ...
Exxon`s Climate Footprint
... left the Coalition as the scientific consensus on climate change became stronger. Exxon and the then separate Mobil both remained members until the group was disbanded.14 ExxonMobil also took part in planning a $6 million American Petroleum Institute (API) public relations campaign to undermine supp ...
... left the Coalition as the scientific consensus on climate change became stronger. Exxon and the then separate Mobil both remained members until the group was disbanded.14 ExxonMobil also took part in planning a $6 million American Petroleum Institute (API) public relations campaign to undermine supp ...
A review of the consideration of climate change in the planning of
... upon hydrological cycles are complex and poorly understood in most low income countries (Harrison and Whittington, 2001). Although Global Climate Models (GCMs) can be used to predict runoff directly, their coarse scale means that this information is only useful for the most general of studies (Kumar ...
... upon hydrological cycles are complex and poorly understood in most low income countries (Harrison and Whittington, 2001). Although Global Climate Models (GCMs) can be used to predict runoff directly, their coarse scale means that this information is only useful for the most general of studies (Kumar ...
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Chapter 5
... penetrate the ocean? • Is heat uptake slowing? • Has the ocean stratified more? • How does this affect ocean renewal (ventilation) ...
... penetrate the ocean? • Is heat uptake slowing? • Has the ocean stratified more? • How does this affect ocean renewal (ventilation) ...
PDF
... Nevertheless, the issue of adaptation was given relatively little attention compared to mitigation over about a decade or so from the mid-1990s. This is readily apparent from the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change since its First Assessment Report in 1990. Klein et al (2007, p. ...
... Nevertheless, the issue of adaptation was given relatively little attention compared to mitigation over about a decade or so from the mid-1990s. This is readily apparent from the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change since its First Assessment Report in 1990. Klein et al (2007, p. ...
Brazilian Foreign Policy in the Context of Global Climate Norms
... by international norm entrepreneurs to penetrate these states’ domestic decision-making structures (Acharya 2011). Similarly, the unitary logic of most IR theories misses the empirical ground in which human decision makers act both singly and collectively. In this regard, the “actor-specific focus” ...
... by international norm entrepreneurs to penetrate these states’ domestic decision-making structures (Acharya 2011). Similarly, the unitary logic of most IR theories misses the empirical ground in which human decision makers act both singly and collectively. In this regard, the “actor-specific focus” ...
Today, we continue our work on understanding the outlooks
... London and the United Kingdom have historically played important parts in struggles for a better world: struggles for democracy that go back to the thirteen-century Magna Carta or the seventeenth-century English revolution, the movement that led to the abolition of slavery in the early nineteenth-ce ...
... London and the United Kingdom have historically played important parts in struggles for a better world: struggles for democracy that go back to the thirteen-century Magna Carta or the seventeenth-century English revolution, the movement that led to the abolition of slavery in the early nineteenth-ce ...
Climate change, plant diseases and food security, an overview
... formulate global climate. It is widely accepted that human activities are now increasingly influencing changes in global climate (Pachauri & Reisinger, 2007). Since 1750, global emission of radiatively active gases including CO2 has increased rapidly, a trend that is likely to accelerate if increase ...
... formulate global climate. It is widely accepted that human activities are now increasingly influencing changes in global climate (Pachauri & Reisinger, 2007). Since 1750, global emission of radiatively active gases including CO2 has increased rapidly, a trend that is likely to accelerate if increase ...
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... climate change. The first is uncertainty. Uncertainties are vast, and negative surprises are more likely than positive surprises. Qualitatively, such uncertainty almost always calls for more stringent action. However, quantitatively, the uncertainties are unknown (CBO, 2005) but perhaps very large ( ...
... climate change. The first is uncertainty. Uncertainties are vast, and negative surprises are more likely than positive surprises. Qualitatively, such uncertainty almost always calls for more stringent action. However, quantitatively, the uncertainties are unknown (CBO, 2005) but perhaps very large ( ...
Combined speeds of climate and land
... Alejandro Ordonez1,2*, Sebastián Martinuzzi3, Volker C. Radeloff3 and John W. Williams2,4 High rates of climate and land-use changes threaten biodiversity and ecosystem function1,2 , creating a need for integrated assessments and planning at regional to global scales. We develop a new approach to me ...
... Alejandro Ordonez1,2*, Sebastián Martinuzzi3, Volker C. Radeloff3 and John W. Williams2,4 High rates of climate and land-use changes threaten biodiversity and ecosystem function1,2 , creating a need for integrated assessments and planning at regional to global scales. We develop a new approach to me ...
Climate-human-environment interactions: resolving our - HAL-Insu
... energy, matter and information between the three state systems that may define externally-driven causality and feedback. Circular arrows within each box represent internal dynamical processes (Dearing, 2006a). ...
... energy, matter and information between the three state systems that may define externally-driven causality and feedback. Circular arrows within each box represent internal dynamical processes (Dearing, 2006a). ...
Report
... significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosph ...
... significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosph ...
An Agricultural Law Research Article on U.S. Forests, Regions, and the
... gradual.2 In this context, forest dieback would become a dominant feature of many landscapes. Literature exists to support this view through examinations of the rate of species migration during past warming including the period since the ice age when temperatures are said to have risen by about 2 ° ...
... gradual.2 In this context, forest dieback would become a dominant feature of many landscapes. Literature exists to support this view through examinations of the rate of species migration during past warming including the period since the ice age when temperatures are said to have risen by about 2 ° ...
gender and climate change issues in agriculture and food
... may be available through production, distribution, and exchange. The second component is access that can depend on the affordability, allocation, and social preferences. The third component is food utilization, which refers to the nutritional value of food, social value placed upon food, and food sa ...
... may be available through production, distribution, and exchange. The second component is access that can depend on the affordability, allocation, and social preferences. The third component is food utilization, which refers to the nutritional value of food, social value placed upon food, and food sa ...
The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond: The World After 2012
... depend on agriculture will be the worst affected and have the least capacity to adapt.6 As IPCC lead author Neil Adger notes, ‘the impacts of climate change are likely to be greater on those countries more dependent on primary sector economic activities [mostly farming], primarily because of the inc ...
... depend on agriculture will be the worst affected and have the least capacity to adapt.6 As IPCC lead author Neil Adger notes, ‘the impacts of climate change are likely to be greater on those countries more dependent on primary sector economic activities [mostly farming], primarily because of the inc ...
Global Problems, african Solutions: african Climate Scientists
... on the critical problem of climate change, which has been described as an “out of Africa” problem crying out for “made in Africa” solutions. Based on interviews with these scientists, this paper presents their views on the state of African climate science; discusses the challenges of undertaking sci ...
... on the critical problem of climate change, which has been described as an “out of Africa” problem crying out for “made in Africa” solutions. Based on interviews with these scientists, this paper presents their views on the state of African climate science; discusses the challenges of undertaking sci ...
The Rules of the Game
... change and environmental issues, we recommend the three sources above as your first port of call. Several very recent attitude surveys on climate change have also heavily influenced our principles and, where possible, we have added examples from real campaigns and direct learning from experience in ...
... change and environmental issues, we recommend the three sources above as your first port of call. Several very recent attitude surveys on climate change have also heavily influenced our principles and, where possible, we have added examples from real campaigns and direct learning from experience in ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ECONOMICS OF CATASTROPHIC CLIMATE CHANGE
... further fuzziness. When such future utility includes the existence values placed by people at that time on wild species, in situ conservation, natural or historical habitats, and the availability of outdoor activities more generally, the already-huge welfare uncertainties are yet further compounded. ...
... further fuzziness. When such future utility includes the existence values placed by people at that time on wild species, in situ conservation, natural or historical habitats, and the availability of outdoor activities more generally, the already-huge welfare uncertainties are yet further compounded. ...
Chapter 4 – Climate and Climate Change
... Generally, projections for 2030 show little variation between greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, as these changes in climate are mostly affected by greenhouse gases that have already been emitted. Due to this, the projections below for 2030 are shown for the mid-range Special Report on Emissions Sc ...
... Generally, projections for 2030 show little variation between greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, as these changes in climate are mostly affected by greenhouse gases that have already been emitted. Due to this, the projections below for 2030 are shown for the mid-range Special Report on Emissions Sc ...
The Economics of Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study on
... benefits from avoiding climate change) were developed and whether those estimates were used to or informed setting of GHG reduction goals or targets. This report reviews three case studies representing different government decisions: the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and the State of California ...
... benefits from avoiding climate change) were developed and whether those estimates were used to or informed setting of GHG reduction goals or targets. This report reviews three case studies representing different government decisions: the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and the State of California ...
Climate Change and Variability
... current policies they will continue to grow over the next few decades. However, there is substantial economic potential for reducing this projected growth rate of GHG emissions. Technologies include energy efficiency, renewable energy, biofuels, public transport, nuclear power, carbon capture and st ...
... current policies they will continue to grow over the next few decades. However, there is substantial economic potential for reducing this projected growth rate of GHG emissions. Technologies include energy efficiency, renewable energy, biofuels, public transport, nuclear power, carbon capture and st ...