An Agent Based Model of Climate Change and Conflict
... rainfall variability and droughts create tremendous stress on pastoralists groups and challenges their long-term resilience and adaptive response mechanisms. Keywords: Agent-based model; conflict; climate change; pastoral. ...
... rainfall variability and droughts create tremendous stress on pastoralists groups and challenges their long-term resilience and adaptive response mechanisms. Keywords: Agent-based model; conflict; climate change; pastoral. ...
Environmental - Successor-agreement to the extended Kyoto protocol
... in the United Nations Climate Change Conference many discussions were held about a successor of the Kyoto protocol with conclude the decision to reach an agreement until 2009. In the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2011 no new treaty to reduce greenhouse gases emissions was established a ...
... in the United Nations Climate Change Conference many discussions were held about a successor of the Kyoto protocol with conclude the decision to reach an agreement until 2009. In the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2011 no new treaty to reduce greenhouse gases emissions was established a ...
National Park Service
... El Nino-Southern Oscillation. A climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean on an approximately 5-year time scale, which can cause extreme weather events in many regions of the world. ...
... El Nino-Southern Oscillation. A climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean on an approximately 5-year time scale, which can cause extreme weather events in many regions of the world. ...
Maryland Commission on Climate Change
... the STWG concludes that science has demonstrated with a high degree of certainty that Earth’s climate is being changed by human activities, particularly the emission of greenhouse gases. Science has also provided a reliable description of how increased emissions will warm the Earth and how that warm ...
... the STWG concludes that science has demonstrated with a high degree of certainty that Earth’s climate is being changed by human activities, particularly the emission of greenhouse gases. Science has also provided a reliable description of how increased emissions will warm the Earth and how that warm ...
Managing climate change and overcoming poverty: facing the realities and building a global agreement (455 kB) (opens in new window)
... inaction are immense; far higher than any plausible estimates of the costs of action. We know only too well the impact of poverty around the world. But what may be less wellknown are the risks to which poor people will be most exposed and vulnerable at increases in global average temperature substan ...
... inaction are immense; far higher than any plausible estimates of the costs of action. We know only too well the impact of poverty around the world. But what may be less wellknown are the risks to which poor people will be most exposed and vulnerable at increases in global average temperature substan ...
Climate change integrated assessment methodology for cross
... (modelled by MAGICC for 6 SRES emissions scenarios x 3 climate sensitivities) Considering SRES emissions scenarios and 1.5-4.5K interval for climate sensitivity: 2050: effect of uncertainty in climate sensitivity is (slightly) larger 2100: both effects are about the same CLIMSAVE employs 12 values o ...
... (modelled by MAGICC for 6 SRES emissions scenarios x 3 climate sensitivities) Considering SRES emissions scenarios and 1.5-4.5K interval for climate sensitivity: 2050: effect of uncertainty in climate sensitivity is (slightly) larger 2100: both effects are about the same CLIMSAVE employs 12 values o ...
here
... “The amount of methane currently coming out of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf is comparable to the amount coming out of the entire world’s oceans,” said Shakhova, a researcher at UAF’s International Arctic Research Center. “Subsea permafrost is losing its ability to be an impermeable cap.” Methane i ...
... “The amount of methane currently coming out of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf is comparable to the amount coming out of the entire world’s oceans,” said Shakhova, a researcher at UAF’s International Arctic Research Center. “Subsea permafrost is losing its ability to be an impermeable cap.” Methane i ...
MIDTERM – Expectations - Earth Science Education
... Economics: natural resources; terrain; city services; recreation; transportation. Social and behavioral issues: quality of life; culture and anthropology, migration; history (how easily settled); sociology; social institutions; layout of the city; natural hazards; connectivity to other places. Metab ...
... Economics: natural resources; terrain; city services; recreation; transportation. Social and behavioral issues: quality of life; culture and anthropology, migration; history (how easily settled); sociology; social institutions; layout of the city; natural hazards; connectivity to other places. Metab ...
Solar forcing of Holocene climate: New insights from a speleothem
... Cross-spectral analysis of the ∆14C data and δ18O data (Fig. 3B) confirms that the two records have matching periodicities at 1533, 444, 170, 146, and 88 yr above the 95% confidence interval. The coherent peaks, within the bandwidth of the Welch window, are identical to the spectral peaks of the ∆14 ...
... Cross-spectral analysis of the ∆14C data and δ18O data (Fig. 3B) confirms that the two records have matching periodicities at 1533, 444, 170, 146, and 88 yr above the 95% confidence interval. The coherent peaks, within the bandwidth of the Welch window, are identical to the spectral peaks of the ∆14 ...
AFGHANISTAN: CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES
... Afghanistan has a unique geography, ranging from the glaciered peaks of the Hindukush to the arid deserts of the South, covering altitudes from over 7,000 m.a.sl. down to under 250 m.a.sl. It is a landlocked country, located between 29-37° north, and its main geographical features are the very prono ...
... Afghanistan has a unique geography, ranging from the glaciered peaks of the Hindukush to the arid deserts of the South, covering altitudes from over 7,000 m.a.sl. down to under 250 m.a.sl. It is a landlocked country, located between 29-37° north, and its main geographical features are the very prono ...
Financing climate change - Department of Environmental Affairs
... that the National Climate Change Response Policy will be developed through a participatory, multi-stakeholder, consultative and iterative process and that issues raised during the Climate Change Summit 2009 must be addressed in a transparent manner and fed into the policy development process. During ...
... that the National Climate Change Response Policy will be developed through a participatory, multi-stakeholder, consultative and iterative process and that issues raised during the Climate Change Summit 2009 must be addressed in a transparent manner and fed into the policy development process. During ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism: Working Paper 42 (830 kB) (opens in new window)
... 4. Governance of climate change 5. Management of forests and ecosystems More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/grantham. ...
... 4. Governance of climate change 5. Management of forests and ecosystems More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/grantham. ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are responsible for 55-60% of anthropogenic radiative forcing.1 Fast and aggressive CO2 mitigation is therefore essential to combat the resulting climate change. But this is not enough. CO2 mitigation must be combined with fast and aggressive reductions of the pollutan ...
... Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are responsible for 55-60% of anthropogenic radiative forcing.1 Fast and aggressive CO2 mitigation is therefore essential to combat the resulting climate change. But this is not enough. CO2 mitigation must be combined with fast and aggressive reductions of the pollutan ...
A Sign of Things to Come? Examining four major climate
... unfavourable conditions, and events in which poor preparation resulted in greater harm. For example, in East Africa the failure of the long rains in early 2011 was catastrophic because the region had already experienced drier-than-average conditions the previous year, and there had been a limited re ...
... unfavourable conditions, and events in which poor preparation resulted in greater harm. For example, in East Africa the failure of the long rains in early 2011 was catastrophic because the region had already experienced drier-than-average conditions the previous year, and there had been a limited re ...
Climate Change Affirmative - St. Louis Urban Debate League
... exploding across the planet every day. Scientists believe most and probably all of the warming since 1950 was caused by the human release of greenhouse gases. If emissions continue unchecked, they say the global warming could ultimately exceed 8 degrees Fahrenheit, which would transform the planet a ...
... exploding across the planet every day. Scientists believe most and probably all of the warming since 1950 was caused by the human release of greenhouse gases. If emissions continue unchecked, they say the global warming could ultimately exceed 8 degrees Fahrenheit, which would transform the planet a ...
Teacher Pages
... the ozone hole and global warming. One misconception is that the hole in the ozone layer allows more heat to come through the atmosphere and warm Earth. This is not the case: the hole in the stratospheric ozone layer, which is the result of ...
... the ozone hole and global warming. One misconception is that the hole in the ozone layer allows more heat to come through the atmosphere and warm Earth. This is not the case: the hole in the stratospheric ozone layer, which is the result of ...
Climatic drivers of potential hazards in Mediterranean coasts
... projected, being maximum in the summer season with a greater occurrence of high temperature events (Giorgi and Lionello 2008). Global low-frequency sea-level trends are dominated by the steric component, and the associated ocean volume increase (Levitius et al. 2000; Calafat and Gomis 2009). However ...
... projected, being maximum in the summer season with a greater occurrence of high temperature events (Giorgi and Lionello 2008). Global low-frequency sea-level trends are dominated by the steric component, and the associated ocean volume increase (Levitius et al. 2000; Calafat and Gomis 2009). However ...
WHAT IS THE “DAMAGES FUNCTION” FOR GLOBAL WARMING
... economic theory to place some rough guidelines on functional forms that might be useful for low-probability high-impact applications. When temperature changes are modest, the functional form of a “damages function” does not much matter for the economic analysis of climate change. But with extreme te ...
... economic theory to place some rough guidelines on functional forms that might be useful for low-probability high-impact applications. When temperature changes are modest, the functional form of a “damages function” does not much matter for the economic analysis of climate change. But with extreme te ...
Forecasting global climate change: A scientific approach Kesten C
... By 2007, there still had been no proper validation of the IPCC’s forecasts. To generate interest in the importance of validation, one of us (Armstrong) proposed a bet to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore that a “no-change” forecast of global average temperature would be more accurate than any mode ...
... By 2007, there still had been no proper validation of the IPCC’s forecasts. To generate interest in the importance of validation, one of us (Armstrong) proposed a bet to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore that a “no-change” forecast of global average temperature would be more accurate than any mode ...
An Economic Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol
... has an enticing incentive to allow fundamentally flawed that the mean global temperature other nations to reduce GHG emis- treaty.” will rise 3°C to 4°C over the next sions without contributing to emiscentury if GHG emissions continue sion reduction efforts themselves. to increase unabated (Easterbr ...
... has an enticing incentive to allow fundamentally flawed that the mean global temperature other nations to reduce GHG emis- treaty.” will rise 3°C to 4°C over the next sions without contributing to emiscentury if GHG emissions continue sion reduction efforts themselves. to increase unabated (Easterbr ...
Modeling plant species distributions under future
... Climate model outputs included daily and monthly temperature and precipitation maps through the end of the 21st century. These coarse-scale (275 km) grids of projected climate were first statistically downscaled to 12 km resolution using the method of constructed analogs (Hidalgo et al., 2008). They ...
... Climate model outputs included daily and monthly temperature and precipitation maps through the end of the 21st century. These coarse-scale (275 km) grids of projected climate were first statistically downscaled to 12 km resolution using the method of constructed analogs (Hidalgo et al., 2008). They ...
Climate Change and Tourism - United Nations Department of
... probability) to accelerate with continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at or above current rates, with the best estimate that globally averaged surface temperatures will rise by 1.8°C to 4.0°C by the end of the 21 st century. 1 Even if atmospheric concentrati ...
... probability) to accelerate with continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at or above current rates, with the best estimate that globally averaged surface temperatures will rise by 1.8°C to 4.0°C by the end of the 21 st century. 1 Even if atmospheric concentrati ...
International Tundra Experiment ITEX
... Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden; of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Sweden ...
... Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden; of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Sweden ...
A Realty Check on Global Warming
... other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates ...
... other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates ...
Slide 1
... droughts in some regions even while other areas are flooding. Unfortunately this is what models suggest. The dominant cause – reduction of rainfall across entire Sahel from 1950s to 1980s – rainfall today still substantially below high point 50 years ago – Other factors • Irrigation and upstream wat ...
... droughts in some regions even while other areas are flooding. Unfortunately this is what models suggest. The dominant cause – reduction of rainfall across entire Sahel from 1950s to 1980s – rainfall today still substantially below high point 50 years ago – Other factors • Irrigation and upstream wat ...