Magmas and Lavas
... temperatures must exceed those defined by the solidus of that rock. Figure 3 shows the relationship between two different geotherms (one beneath the continents, and the other beneath the oceans), and the melting curves of an acidic rock (a granite, in the presence of H2O; Fig. 3b) and that of an ult ...
... temperatures must exceed those defined by the solidus of that rock. Figure 3 shows the relationship between two different geotherms (one beneath the continents, and the other beneath the oceans), and the melting curves of an acidic rock (a granite, in the presence of H2O; Fig. 3b) and that of an ult ...
8-Plate_Tectonics short
... Oceanic trench (deep linear trough) = where subduction begins. As crust + mantle melt (partially), produces explosive volcanic eruptions + volcanic mountains See Google Earth trenches ...
... Oceanic trench (deep linear trough) = where subduction begins. As crust + mantle melt (partially), produces explosive volcanic eruptions + volcanic mountains See Google Earth trenches ...
Plate Tectonic Models for Southern California
... The Formation of Catalina Island Catalina’s metamorphic basement rocks were formed in a subduction zone 25 – 40 miles beneath North America. The metamorphic rocks are blueschist, greenschist and amphibolites, which includes soapstone. The blue schist was created mostly from a sedimentary rock called ...
... The Formation of Catalina Island Catalina’s metamorphic basement rocks were formed in a subduction zone 25 – 40 miles beneath North America. The metamorphic rocks are blueschist, greenschist and amphibolites, which includes soapstone. The blue schist was created mostly from a sedimentary rock called ...
Chi, G., Liu, Y. and Dube, B. 2009. Relationship between CO2
... The supracrustal assemblages were affected by two main episodes of penetrative deformation: D1 is related to a W–E shortening stress regime from ca. 2742 to 2733 Ma, whereas D2 reflects N– S shortening related to the Uchian phase of the Kenoran orogeny between ca. 2723 and 2712 Ma, which is related t ...
... The supracrustal assemblages were affected by two main episodes of penetrative deformation: D1 is related to a W–E shortening stress regime from ca. 2742 to 2733 Ma, whereas D2 reflects N– S shortening related to the Uchian phase of the Kenoran orogeny between ca. 2723 and 2712 Ma, which is related t ...
The regional tectonic setting and possible causes of Cenozoic
... metamorphic core complexes' (Coney 1979, 1980; Davis & Coney 1979; Crittenden et al. 1980; Armstrong 1982; Coney & Harms 1984). Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes occur in a sinuous discontinuous belt along the eastern part of the North American Cordillera extending from British Columbia in sout ...
... metamorphic core complexes' (Coney 1979, 1980; Davis & Coney 1979; Crittenden et al. 1980; Armstrong 1982; Coney & Harms 1984). Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes occur in a sinuous discontinuous belt along the eastern part of the North American Cordillera extending from British Columbia in sout ...
tongariro national park
... hold one of the key pieces to the puzzle. Because the ocean-floor magnetic striping records the flip-flops in the Earth's magnetic field, scientists, knowing the approximate duration of the reversal, can calculate the average rate of plate movement during a given time span. These average rates of pl ...
... hold one of the key pieces to the puzzle. Because the ocean-floor magnetic striping records the flip-flops in the Earth's magnetic field, scientists, knowing the approximate duration of the reversal, can calculate the average rate of plate movement during a given time span. These average rates of pl ...
The Illustrated History of GLACIAL EROSION
... The V-shaped valley seen to the right is typical of stream or water erosion. As the stream flows, it’s ‘cutting tools’ which are the rocks and stones it carries, cut deeper and deeper into the streambed forming a V-shape. If the climate gets colder and the valley fills with ice the glacier will ri ...
... The V-shaped valley seen to the right is typical of stream or water erosion. As the stream flows, it’s ‘cutting tools’ which are the rocks and stones it carries, cut deeper and deeper into the streambed forming a V-shape. If the climate gets colder and the valley fills with ice the glacier will ri ...
Morphology_of_Ocean_Basins
... Passive (Atlantic-type) and active (Pacific-type) continetal margins Atlantic margins are steadily sinking regions, accumulating great thicknesses of sediments. Pacific-Type margins are rising associated with volcanism, earthquakes, folding, faulting and mountain-building processes. ...
... Passive (Atlantic-type) and active (Pacific-type) continetal margins Atlantic margins are steadily sinking regions, accumulating great thicknesses of sediments. Pacific-Type margins are rising associated with volcanism, earthquakes, folding, faulting and mountain-building processes. ...
Plate Tectonics
... When an oceanic plate pushes into and subducts under a continental plate, the overriding continental plate is lifted up and a mountain range is created. Even though the oceanic plate as a whole sinks smoothly and continuously into the subduction trench, the deepest part of the subducting plate break ...
... When an oceanic plate pushes into and subducts under a continental plate, the overriding continental plate is lifted up and a mountain range is created. Even though the oceanic plate as a whole sinks smoothly and continuously into the subduction trench, the deepest part of the subducting plate break ...
ppt
... Substitutes for Ca in plagioclase (but not in pyroxene), and, to a lesser extent, for K in Kfeldspar. Behaves as a compatible element at low pressure where plagioclase forms early, but as an incompatible at higher pressure where plagioclase is no longer stable. ...
... Substitutes for Ca in plagioclase (but not in pyroxene), and, to a lesser extent, for K in Kfeldspar. Behaves as a compatible element at low pressure where plagioclase forms early, but as an incompatible at higher pressure where plagioclase is no longer stable. ...
Document
... Substitutes for Ca in plagioclase (but not in pyroxene), and, to a lesser extent, for K in Kfeldspar. Behaves as a compatible element at low pressure where plagioclase forms early, but as an incompatible at higher pressure where plagioclase is no longer stable. ...
... Substitutes for Ca in plagioclase (but not in pyroxene), and, to a lesser extent, for K in Kfeldspar. Behaves as a compatible element at low pressure where plagioclase forms early, but as an incompatible at higher pressure where plagioclase is no longer stable. ...
Karson, J.A., and Lawrence, R.M., 1997.
... crustal basaltic rock units are discontinuous, and faulting plays a much more important role. In some places, major faults expose mafic plutonic rocks of the middle to deep crust and locally serpentinized upper mantle material. The details of the geologic history of rocks exposed in these tectonic w ...
... crustal basaltic rock units are discontinuous, and faulting plays a much more important role. In some places, major faults expose mafic plutonic rocks of the middle to deep crust and locally serpentinized upper mantle material. The details of the geologic history of rocks exposed in these tectonic w ...
Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 80
... probably controlled by the higher-velocity ridge. The highest velocities, ranging between 6.3 and 6.5 km/s, are recorded between the basins, and are found to be related in Brittany to crystalline or highly metamorphosed rocks (Lefort and Haworth, 1979). The northern Grand Banks area is characterized ...
... probably controlled by the higher-velocity ridge. The highest velocities, ranging between 6.3 and 6.5 km/s, are recorded between the basins, and are found to be related in Brittany to crystalline or highly metamorphosed rocks (Lefort and Haworth, 1979). The northern Grand Banks area is characterized ...
Thrusting, Active Back Thrusting and Tectonic Wedging: An Example
... The Surghar Range is the easternmost extension of the Trans-Indus Salt ranges of North Pakistan that appears as an arcuate mountain belt. The range follows in general an east-west structural trend while bordering the southern Kohat Plateau and switches to north-south trend along the eastern flank of ...
... The Surghar Range is the easternmost extension of the Trans-Indus Salt ranges of North Pakistan that appears as an arcuate mountain belt. The range follows in general an east-west structural trend while bordering the southern Kohat Plateau and switches to north-south trend along the eastern flank of ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... igneous rocks. These rocks make up the basement rock of much of the eastern United States as the Laurentian Craton, and crop out in New York in two areas: the Adirondack Mountains, and the Hudson Highlands (Isachsen et al. 2000). This suite of rocks is composed of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks tha ...
... igneous rocks. These rocks make up the basement rock of much of the eastern United States as the Laurentian Craton, and crop out in New York in two areas: the Adirondack Mountains, and the Hudson Highlands (Isachsen et al. 2000). This suite of rocks is composed of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks tha ...
The true cause of the KT Extinctions of 65mya.
... The Black Hills, along with the rest of Wyoming and Montana, weas uplifted between 72 and 58 mya. New evidence shows that the Kaibab plateau, which was uplifted along with the rest of the larger Colorado plateau, had uplifted as early as 65 mya. (National Geographic, 2007) Carlsbad Caverns in New Me ...
... The Black Hills, along with the rest of Wyoming and Montana, weas uplifted between 72 and 58 mya. New evidence shows that the Kaibab plateau, which was uplifted along with the rest of the larger Colorado plateau, had uplifted as early as 65 mya. (National Geographic, 2007) Carlsbad Caverns in New Me ...
Minerals and Rock Resources
... Mineral and Rock Resources-Examples What is a mineral resource? • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, homogenous solid with a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition. • A mineral resource is any mineral that we are interested in mining (gold, silver, copper, ...
... Mineral and Rock Resources-Examples What is a mineral resource? • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, homogenous solid with a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition. • A mineral resource is any mineral that we are interested in mining (gold, silver, copper, ...
Plate Tectonics Section 1 Sea
... • In the late 1950s, geologist Harry Hess proposed that the valley at the center of a mid-ocean ridge was a crack, or rift, in Earth’s crust. • As the ocean floor moves away from the ridge, molten rock, or magma, rises to fill the crack. • sea-floor spreading the process by which new oceanic lithosp ...
... • In the late 1950s, geologist Harry Hess proposed that the valley at the center of a mid-ocean ridge was a crack, or rift, in Earth’s crust. • As the ocean floor moves away from the ridge, molten rock, or magma, rises to fill the crack. • sea-floor spreading the process by which new oceanic lithosp ...
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
... aooelerates erosion rates s o i a t feldspar may be eroded before it 1completely chemically weathered into clay minerals. to chemid wmthering, it tends to conccnuate residually in sand as less resistant minerals such as feldspar are weathered away, probably in a low-lying humid region that dows chem ...
... aooelerates erosion rates s o i a t feldspar may be eroded before it 1completely chemically weathered into clay minerals. to chemid wmthering, it tends to conccnuate residually in sand as less resistant minerals such as feldspar are weathered away, probably in a low-lying humid region that dows chem ...
Geology of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and Adjacent Areas
... Jurassic rocks crop out in the Moreno Valley and are found in the subsurface of the Raton basin. They include the Entrada Sandstone, an equivalent of the Wanakah Formation, and the Morrison Formation. The basal Upper Jurassic unit is the Entrada Sandstone. This sandstone has been called the Exeter, ...
... Jurassic rocks crop out in the Moreno Valley and are found in the subsurface of the Raton basin. They include the Entrada Sandstone, an equivalent of the Wanakah Formation, and the Morrison Formation. The basal Upper Jurassic unit is the Entrada Sandstone. This sandstone has been called the Exeter, ...
Abstract - gemoc - Macquarie University
... Pristine Archean SCLM comprises highly depleted (Fepoor) dunite/harzburgite that most likely formed by high degree partial melting of large, hot mantle plumes (Griffin et al. 2009). Re-Os isotopic studies of sulphides from SCLM peridotites (e.g. Griffin et al. 2004) indicate that most of this Archea ...
... Pristine Archean SCLM comprises highly depleted (Fepoor) dunite/harzburgite that most likely formed by high degree partial melting of large, hot mantle plumes (Griffin et al. 2009). Re-Os isotopic studies of sulphides from SCLM peridotites (e.g. Griffin et al. 2004) indicate that most of this Archea ...
The Mediterranean region—a geological primer
... extension was accompanied by exhumation of metamorphic rocks and by the intrusion of granitoid and monzonitic magmas at upper crustal levels. According to Jolivet (2001), the engine for Aegean extension is gravitational collapse of a thick crust, allowed by extensional boundary conditions provided b ...
... extension was accompanied by exhumation of metamorphic rocks and by the intrusion of granitoid and monzonitic magmas at upper crustal levels. According to Jolivet (2001), the engine for Aegean extension is gravitational collapse of a thick crust, allowed by extensional boundary conditions provided b ...
Chukchi arctic continental margins: tectonic evolution, link to the
... ages of 369±.2 and 274.5±0.5 Ma (Natal’in, et al., 1999). Zircons from metamorphic rocks of the Chegitun complex have ages that vary between 650540 Ma (Natal’in, et al., 1999). Paleozoic strata are represented by carbonate, carbonate-terrigenous and terrigenous deposits of the Middle Ordovician to M ...
... ages of 369±.2 and 274.5±0.5 Ma (Natal’in, et al., 1999). Zircons from metamorphic rocks of the Chegitun complex have ages that vary between 650540 Ma (Natal’in, et al., 1999). Paleozoic strata are represented by carbonate, carbonate-terrigenous and terrigenous deposits of the Middle Ordovician to M ...
38_1993_Houston et al_Geo of NA_Wyoming province
... Disseminated and massive copper-nickel sulfides are concentrated in the cumulates near the sharp basal contact and in the hornfels, which contains the precursor sills and dikes. The overlying Ultramafic series is about 1,070 m thick and is composed of cumulates of olivine, bronzite, and chromite; it ...
... Disseminated and massive copper-nickel sulfides are concentrated in the cumulates near the sharp basal contact and in the hornfels, which contains the precursor sills and dikes. The overlying Ultramafic series is about 1,070 m thick and is composed of cumulates of olivine, bronzite, and chromite; it ...
Algoman orogeny
The Algoman orogeny, known as the Kenoran orogeny in Canada, was an episode of mountain-building (orogeny) during the Late Archean Eon that involved repeated episodes of continental collisions, compressions and subductions. The Superior province and the Minnesota River Valley terrane collided about 2,700 to 2,500 million years ago. The collision folded the Earth's crust and produced enough heat and pressure to metamorphose the rock. Blocks were added to the Superior province along a 1,200 km (750 mi) boundary that stretches from present-day eastern South Dakota into the Lake Huron area. The Algoman orogeny brought the Archaen Eon to a close, about 2,500 million years ago; it lasted less than 100 million years and marks a major change in the development of the earth’s crust.The Canadian shield contains belts of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks formed by the action of metamorphism on volcanic and sedimentary rock. The areas between individual belts consist of granites or granitic gneisses that form fault zones. These two types of belts can be seen in the Wabigoon, Quetico and Wawa subprovinces; the Wabigoon and Wawa are of volcanic origin and the Quetico is of sedimentary origin. These three subprovinces lie linearly in southwestern- to northeastern-oriented belts about 140 km (90 mi) wide on the southern portion of the Superior Province.The Slave province and portions of the Nain province were also affected. Between about 2,000 and 1,700 million years ago these combined with the Sask and Wyoming cratons to form the first supercontinent, the Kenorland supercontinent.