MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE Metamorphic Fluids and Mineral
... fluids to metamorphic devolatilisation reactions, The close temporal relationships between high-T tectonic deformation, igneous activity and gold mineralisation are emphasized. Myers et al. present a detailed account of part of the Witwatersrand Goldfields for which they conclude that extensive post ...
... fluids to metamorphic devolatilisation reactions, The close temporal relationships between high-T tectonic deformation, igneous activity and gold mineralisation are emphasized. Myers et al. present a detailed account of part of the Witwatersrand Goldfields for which they conclude that extensive post ...
pdf file - Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array
... Please send your comments and/or additions to this draft! RATIONALE Subduction zones are the most dynamic tectonic environments on earth. The fastest relative plate motions and the highest mass fluxes of sediment, magma, and related fluids into the continental crust and mantle occur at subduction zo ...
... Please send your comments and/or additions to this draft! RATIONALE Subduction zones are the most dynamic tectonic environments on earth. The fastest relative plate motions and the highest mass fluxes of sediment, magma, and related fluids into the continental crust and mantle occur at subduction zo ...
The dynamic Earth
... the location of volcanoes and earthquakes, growing mountain ranges, spreading ocean ridges and the movement of the continents. However there is further evidence: • Two-hundred-million-year-old fossils of the same land animals have been found in all of the southern continents. As these animals could ...
... the location of volcanoes and earthquakes, growing mountain ranges, spreading ocean ridges and the movement of the continents. However there is further evidence: • Two-hundred-million-year-old fossils of the same land animals have been found in all of the southern continents. As these animals could ...
Carbon Retention in Deeply Subducted Sedimentary Rocks
... Cignana localities samples are not organized within grades. (A) δ13CVPDB of carbonate in samples, ordered by increasing grade and shaded/sized according to ratio of carbonate:reduced C weight percents. In general, samples with smaller proportional amounts of carbonate exhibit larger decreases from s ...
... Cignana localities samples are not organized within grades. (A) δ13CVPDB of carbonate in samples, ordered by increasing grade and shaded/sized according to ratio of carbonate:reduced C weight percents. In general, samples with smaller proportional amounts of carbonate exhibit larger decreases from s ...
CHAPTER 2 Plate Tect..
... relatively stable points, whereas the plates that overlie them, and which bear the associated volcanoes, are moving. Over periods of millions of years, as a plate slides over the hot spot, extinct volcanoes are ferried in the direction of plate motion, while new volcanoes are formed at the hot spot. ...
... relatively stable points, whereas the plates that overlie them, and which bear the associated volcanoes, are moving. Over periods of millions of years, as a plate slides over the hot spot, extinct volcanoes are ferried in the direction of plate motion, while new volcanoes are formed at the hot spot. ...
Sample Chapter 2 - Investigating Geologic Questions
... samples, even from depths of several kilometers. This and later drilling revealed that layers of salt hundreds to thousands of meters thick were within the sediments on the seafloor. Surprisingly, the drilling also encountered sands that show evidence of being deposited by wind. From these and other ...
... samples, even from depths of several kilometers. This and later drilling revealed that layers of salt hundreds to thousands of meters thick were within the sediments on the seafloor. Surprisingly, the drilling also encountered sands that show evidence of being deposited by wind. From these and other ...
The SEEK Project: Stimulating Exploration in the
... The Butte area of southwestern Montana is a major Cretaceous porphyry-epithermal–style polymetallic Cu district within the Belt-Purcell Basin. Cretaceous intrusions on the Canadian side of the border include the Reade Lake and Kiakho stocks (Höy, 1993), but significant porphyry-style mineralization ...
... The Butte area of southwestern Montana is a major Cretaceous porphyry-epithermal–style polymetallic Cu district within the Belt-Purcell Basin. Cretaceous intrusions on the Canadian side of the border include the Reade Lake and Kiakho stocks (Höy, 1993), but significant porphyry-style mineralization ...
Lassen Peak Is Sinking, And Volcanologists Don`t Know Why
... culprit is cooling and crystallizing of magma after the 1914-17 eruptions of Lassen Peak. As magma cools, it loses volume, so any new magma that trigger the eruption over 100 years ago may be slowly losing volume. This can’t alone account for the sinking, especially the timing as it appears to have ...
... culprit is cooling and crystallizing of magma after the 1914-17 eruptions of Lassen Peak. As magma cools, it loses volume, so any new magma that trigger the eruption over 100 years ago may be slowly losing volume. This can’t alone account for the sinking, especially the timing as it appears to have ...
UExcel® Official Content Guide for Earth Science
... grade required for credit. Those who intend to enroll at Excelsior College should ask an admissions counselor where this exam fits within their intended degree program. ...
... grade required for credit. Those who intend to enroll at Excelsior College should ask an admissions counselor where this exam fits within their intended degree program. ...
Interrelationship of sedimentary and volcanic deposits associated
... tilts and major normal faults for the state of Sonora. In addition to delineating the 10Ð15 km width of ranges and basins, the compilation showed that rotation of strata was generally consistent within three specific domains. These domains are separated by synformal or antiformal boundaries and acco ...
... tilts and major normal faults for the state of Sonora. In addition to delineating the 10Ð15 km width of ranges and basins, the compilation showed that rotation of strata was generally consistent within three specific domains. These domains are separated by synformal or antiformal boundaries and acco ...
Depth-dependent geometry of margin-parallel strike-slip
... geometry of margin-parallel strike-slip faults within oblique subduction zones. Using an elastic half-space model for the south Chile subduction zone, we show that the geometry of a margin-parallel strike-slip fault as the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone (LOFZ), is vertical near the free surface and curved ...
... geometry of margin-parallel strike-slip faults within oblique subduction zones. Using an elastic half-space model for the south Chile subduction zone, we show that the geometry of a margin-parallel strike-slip fault as the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone (LOFZ), is vertical near the free surface and curved ...
Tectonics review
... extensional systems, such as 'thrust' zones and 'normal fault' arrays, throughout the mantle. However, this view does demand that the mantle contains lithological variations that promote structural identities such as folds, shear zones and faults. It is only by proposals such as the one presented he ...
... extensional systems, such as 'thrust' zones and 'normal fault' arrays, throughout the mantle. However, this view does demand that the mantle contains lithological variations that promote structural identities such as folds, shear zones and faults. It is only by proposals such as the one presented he ...
Precambrian Research Geochemical and numerical constraints
... elements) TTGs (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) (high SiO2 , low Mg, low-HREE, higher Sr, lower Ybn and higher Nb/Ta), (2) high-HREE TTGs (slightly lower range of SiO2 , larger range of MgO contents and higher Cr and Ni contents, high-HREE, lower Sr, higher Ybn and lower Nb/Ta), and (3) high Ba– ...
... elements) TTGs (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) (high SiO2 , low Mg, low-HREE, higher Sr, lower Ybn and higher Nb/Ta), (2) high-HREE TTGs (slightly lower range of SiO2 , larger range of MgO contents and higher Cr and Ni contents, high-HREE, lower Sr, higher Ybn and lower Nb/Ta), and (3) high Ba– ...
Townend, J., Sutherland, R. and Toy, V., 2009. Deep Fault Drilling
... The Alpine Fault is a well-studied active continental fault that, unlike many other similar faults elsewhere, has not produced large earthquakes or measureable creep in historic times; however, paleoseismic data suggest that it has produced large earthquakes in the Holocene and that it is late in th ...
... The Alpine Fault is a well-studied active continental fault that, unlike many other similar faults elsewhere, has not produced large earthquakes or measureable creep in historic times; however, paleoseismic data suggest that it has produced large earthquakes in the Holocene and that it is late in th ...
ch07_crct plate tectonics
... A Similar fossils found on far apart landmasses suggest that the continents were once a single landmass. B Fossil evidence suggests that the continents have always been in their current positions. C No similarities exist between fossils on different continents. D Plant and animal fossils show eviden ...
... A Similar fossils found on far apart landmasses suggest that the continents were once a single landmass. B Fossil evidence suggests that the continents have always been in their current positions. C No similarities exist between fossils on different continents. D Plant and animal fossils show eviden ...
Faults - Dr.A.Shah
... Strata in many parts of the Earth's crust have been bent or buckled into folds; dipping beds, are often parts of such structures. The wavy undulations in the rock beds are called folds. This is when the rocks deform by plastic deformation. The process of folding ...
... Strata in many parts of the Earth's crust have been bent or buckled into folds; dipping beds, are often parts of such structures. The wavy undulations in the rock beds are called folds. This is when the rocks deform by plastic deformation. The process of folding ...
Ch06 Sedimentary Rocks
... Classifying Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Character of cement – minerals that fill sediment pores. Different clastic sedimentary rocks have different cement. ...
... Classifying Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Character of cement – minerals that fill sediment pores. Different clastic sedimentary rocks have different cement. ...
Chapter 4 Intrusive Igneous Rocks
... Mafic dykes are mostly of basaltic andesite composition but range from basalt to andesite. On Ma Wan and at Tsing Chau Tsai, melanocratic enclaves within quartzphyric rhyolite dykes are dacitic in composition and similar to the melanocratic margins of composite dykes. Whereas these dacitic dykes are ...
... Mafic dykes are mostly of basaltic andesite composition but range from basalt to andesite. On Ma Wan and at Tsing Chau Tsai, melanocratic enclaves within quartzphyric rhyolite dykes are dacitic in composition and similar to the melanocratic margins of composite dykes. Whereas these dacitic dykes are ...
Solutions: Chapter 20 Exercises 1. When the composition is the
... 11. Just as shaving off the top of an iceberg would lighten the iceberg, and cause it to float higher, the erosion and wearing away of mountains lightens them and causes them to buoyantly float higher on the mantle. Whether the elevation of the mountain increases or decreases depends on the rate of ...
... 11. Just as shaving off the top of an iceberg would lighten the iceberg, and cause it to float higher, the erosion and wearing away of mountains lightens them and causes them to buoyantly float higher on the mantle. Whether the elevation of the mountain increases or decreases depends on the rate of ...
Volcanic Eruptions
... • Explosive eruptions happen along the edges of continents and produce tremendous amounts of material ejected into the air. • Non-explosive eruptions produce lavas, such as a’a, pahoehoe, and pillow lavas. • Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct. • Signs that a volcano may soon eru ...
... • Explosive eruptions happen along the edges of continents and produce tremendous amounts of material ejected into the air. • Non-explosive eruptions produce lavas, such as a’a, pahoehoe, and pillow lavas. • Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct. • Signs that a volcano may soon eru ...
The early interaction between the Caribbean Plateau and the NW
... 3A,B) indicate a subduction-related origin for the granite in an intraoceanic setting. The U/Pb age of the Pujilı́ Granite is indistinguishable from the Pallatanga Unit, and hence may have formed as a fractionated intrusive fragment produced during the initiation of westward subduction beneath the C ...
... 3A,B) indicate a subduction-related origin for the granite in an intraoceanic setting. The U/Pb age of the Pujilı́ Granite is indistinguishable from the Pallatanga Unit, and hence may have formed as a fractionated intrusive fragment produced during the initiation of westward subduction beneath the C ...
The Kimberley Volcano
... The diamond deposits of the Kimberley represent the other spectrum of volcanism in the area. Diamonds occur in explosive volcanic intrusions (pipes or dykes) of kimberlite or its close relative lamproite. In the Kimberley, Argyle is the oldest such deposit at 1150 million years, and it is the larges ...
... The diamond deposits of the Kimberley represent the other spectrum of volcanism in the area. Diamonds occur in explosive volcanic intrusions (pipes or dykes) of kimberlite or its close relative lamproite. In the Kimberley, Argyle is the oldest such deposit at 1150 million years, and it is the larges ...
South Shetland Geology - Shetland Amenity Trust
... bowls or take a two hour ferry journey to one of the most remote inhabited islands in Britain. South Shetland ...
... bowls or take a two hour ferry journey to one of the most remote inhabited islands in Britain. South Shetland ...
Abstract Title - SWISS GEOSCIENCE MEETINGs
... Magnetite and serpentine-dominated exoskarns and garnet-diopside-epidotedominated endoskarns usually form along the contacts of the Late-Miocene intrusions with the Pucará Group and Upper Cretaceous limestones of the Jumasha Formation. In places the skarn bodies host polymetallic mineralization. Rep ...
... Magnetite and serpentine-dominated exoskarns and garnet-diopside-epidotedominated endoskarns usually form along the contacts of the Late-Miocene intrusions with the Pucará Group and Upper Cretaceous limestones of the Jumasha Formation. In places the skarn bodies host polymetallic mineralization. Rep ...
Algoman orogeny
The Algoman orogeny, known as the Kenoran orogeny in Canada, was an episode of mountain-building (orogeny) during the Late Archean Eon that involved repeated episodes of continental collisions, compressions and subductions. The Superior province and the Minnesota River Valley terrane collided about 2,700 to 2,500 million years ago. The collision folded the Earth's crust and produced enough heat and pressure to metamorphose the rock. Blocks were added to the Superior province along a 1,200 km (750 mi) boundary that stretches from present-day eastern South Dakota into the Lake Huron area. The Algoman orogeny brought the Archaen Eon to a close, about 2,500 million years ago; it lasted less than 100 million years and marks a major change in the development of the earth’s crust.The Canadian shield contains belts of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks formed by the action of metamorphism on volcanic and sedimentary rock. The areas between individual belts consist of granites or granitic gneisses that form fault zones. These two types of belts can be seen in the Wabigoon, Quetico and Wawa subprovinces; the Wabigoon and Wawa are of volcanic origin and the Quetico is of sedimentary origin. These three subprovinces lie linearly in southwestern- to northeastern-oriented belts about 140 km (90 mi) wide on the southern portion of the Superior Province.The Slave province and portions of the Nain province were also affected. Between about 2,000 and 1,700 million years ago these combined with the Sask and Wyoming cratons to form the first supercontinent, the Kenorland supercontinent.