Rat Parvoviruses | Charles River Research Animal Diagnostic
... known as Kilham’s rat virus (RV; KRV) may, albeit rarely, produce disease with natural infections in naïve rats. In adult RV infections, scrotal hemorrhage, loss of body fat, and congestion of lymph nodes may all be seen. RV may be transmitted transplacentally, and result in infertility and fetal ab ...
... known as Kilham’s rat virus (RV; KRV) may, albeit rarely, produce disease with natural infections in naïve rats. In adult RV infections, scrotal hemorrhage, loss of body fat, and congestion of lymph nodes may all be seen. RV may be transmitted transplacentally, and result in infertility and fetal ab ...
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Essential information
... close contact with infection secretions while caring for a sick family member or handling of the body after death, causing similar exposure to infected bodily fluids. During an outbreak, the disease can spread rapidly through direct contact and exposure to infected blood or body fluids or indirectly ...
... close contact with infection secretions while caring for a sick family member or handling of the body after death, causing similar exposure to infected bodily fluids. During an outbreak, the disease can spread rapidly through direct contact and exposure to infected blood or body fluids or indirectly ...
Communicable Diseases
... • One infected person to another, • From an animal to a human, or • From some inanimate object – Ex: doorknobs to an individual (tirador de la puerta) • Some communicable diseases can be spread in more than one way. ...
... • One infected person to another, • From an animal to a human, or • From some inanimate object – Ex: doorknobs to an individual (tirador de la puerta) • Some communicable diseases can be spread in more than one way. ...
Hepatitis and HIV
... • HBe antigen (HBeAg): can only be found in the original ”wild type“ of the hepatitis B virus. HBeAg is an indirect sign that the virus is replicating actively. However, HBeAg is also a vulnerable part of the virus. The immune system might create anti-HBe antibodies and destroy HBeAg. This is not a ...
... • HBe antigen (HBeAg): can only be found in the original ”wild type“ of the hepatitis B virus. HBeAg is an indirect sign that the virus is replicating actively. However, HBeAg is also a vulnerable part of the virus. The immune system might create anti-HBe antibodies and destroy HBeAg. This is not a ...
Journal of General Virology Antigenic analysis of highly pathogenic
... in Egypt. Moreover, the two sublineages with significant antigenic drift were antigenically distinguishable. Our findings suggested that phylogenetically divergent H5N1 viruses, which were not antigenically cross-reactive, were co-circulating in Egypt, indicating that there was a problem in using a ...
... in Egypt. Moreover, the two sublineages with significant antigenic drift were antigenically distinguishable. Our findings suggested that phylogenetically divergent H5N1 viruses, which were not antigenically cross-reactive, were co-circulating in Egypt, indicating that there was a problem in using a ...
a(h1n1)v - Eurosurveillance
... Following the emergence of the human pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus in spring 2009, questions about the circulation of this virus in an animal reservoir were raised by international organisations. In particular, three aspects appeared to be of relevance, namely implications on animal health, aspe ...
... Following the emergence of the human pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus in spring 2009, questions about the circulation of this virus in an animal reservoir were raised by international organisations. In particular, three aspects appeared to be of relevance, namely implications on animal health, aspe ...
West Nile Virus
... Analysis of nucleotide sequences of these fragments showed that homology with subtype 3 (Siberian subtype) of TBEV was approximately 82%. The new variants cluster together with subtype 2 (Far Eastern subtype) of TBEV (homology, 94.7%) in phylogenetic analysis. Thirteen new amino acid mutations in do ...
... Analysis of nucleotide sequences of these fragments showed that homology with subtype 3 (Siberian subtype) of TBEV was approximately 82%. The new variants cluster together with subtype 2 (Far Eastern subtype) of TBEV (homology, 94.7%) in phylogenetic analysis. Thirteen new amino acid mutations in do ...
Picornaviruse Family
... anorexia. The chest pain may be located on either side or substernally, is intensified by movement, and may last from 2 days to 2 weeks. Abdominal pain occurs in approximately half of cases, and in children this may be the chief complaint. The illness is self-limited, and recovery is complete, altho ...
... anorexia. The chest pain may be located on either side or substernally, is intensified by movement, and may last from 2 days to 2 weeks. Abdominal pain occurs in approximately half of cases, and in children this may be the chief complaint. The illness is self-limited, and recovery is complete, altho ...
Nipah Virus
... in bat urine and potentially, bat feces, saliva, and birthing fluids. Perhaps as a result of deforestation programmes, the Malaysian pig farms where the disease first originated had fruit trees which attracted the bats from the tropical forest, thus exposing domestic pigs to bat urine and feces. It is ...
... in bat urine and potentially, bat feces, saliva, and birthing fluids. Perhaps as a result of deforestation programmes, the Malaysian pig farms where the disease first originated had fruit trees which attracted the bats from the tropical forest, thus exposing domestic pigs to bat urine and feces. It is ...
Risk of widespread outbreak of Rift Valley fever linked to
... butchers, and animal handlers, all of whom are at a significantly higher risk of exposure due to the high volume of animals and fluids they encounter due to job detail. Madagascar is an extremely poor country with limited resources. While the geographically isolated nature of the island provides an ...
... butchers, and animal handlers, all of whom are at a significantly higher risk of exposure due to the high volume of animals and fluids they encounter due to job detail. Madagascar is an extremely poor country with limited resources. While the geographically isolated nature of the island provides an ...
IPFA Position Paper on ZIKA virus and the safety of plasma
... ZIKA virus and the safety of plasma-derived medicinal products Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 19471. Two epidemics were reported in the Yap Isles in 2007 and in French Polynesia in 2013-2014. In April 2015, locallyacquired cases of Zika virus infecti ...
... ZIKA virus and the safety of plasma-derived medicinal products Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 19471. Two epidemics were reported in the Yap Isles in 2007 and in French Polynesia in 2013-2014. In April 2015, locallyacquired cases of Zika virus infecti ...
A perspective on equine viral arteritis (infectious arteritis of
... with route of exposure, e.g. infection via the respiratory route can occur within 48-72 hours, whereas infection by the venereal route can require up to thirteen or fourteen days, with an average of seven days. In addition, a larger dose of virus may shorten the incubation period. Abortion may occur ...
... with route of exposure, e.g. infection via the respiratory route can occur within 48-72 hours, whereas infection by the venereal route can require up to thirteen or fourteen days, with an average of seven days. In addition, a larger dose of virus may shorten the incubation period. Abortion may occur ...
Rift Valley fever
... butchers, and animal handlers, all of whom are at a significantly higher risk of exposure due to the high volume of animals and fluids they encounter due to job detail. Madagascar is an extremely poor country with limited resources. While the geographically isolated nature of the island provides an ...
... butchers, and animal handlers, all of whom are at a significantly higher risk of exposure due to the high volume of animals and fluids they encounter due to job detail. Madagascar is an extremely poor country with limited resources. While the geographically isolated nature of the island provides an ...
Climate Change: Impact on Viral Diseases
... Ixodes ticks in an area from western Europe to the eastern cost of Japan. TBE virus causes acute meningoencephalitis, more or less severe. Climate change is partly responsible for increased incidence of the disease in Europe. TBE virus was shown to circulate at increasing altitudes in Czech Republic ...
... Ixodes ticks in an area from western Europe to the eastern cost of Japan. TBE virus causes acute meningoencephalitis, more or less severe. Climate change is partly responsible for increased incidence of the disease in Europe. TBE virus was shown to circulate at increasing altitudes in Czech Republic ...
Antifungal Drugs
... inhibition of the virion release from infected cells → inhibited further spread of the virus in the body. In addition, neuraminidase inhibitors reduce the production of cytokines, preventing the development of local inflammatory response and attenuating systemic appearance of viral infection (fever, ...
... inhibition of the virion release from infected cells → inhibited further spread of the virus in the body. In addition, neuraminidase inhibitors reduce the production of cytokines, preventing the development of local inflammatory response and attenuating systemic appearance of viral infection (fever, ...
Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Rotavirus and Norovirus
... 50% of acute nonbloody gastroenteritis in children worldwide.8 Rotavirus is the most common cause of moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis in children younger than 2 years of age causing from 30% to 50% of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations in this age group.9 –11 This virus is detected in 10% to 30% ...
... 50% of acute nonbloody gastroenteritis in children worldwide.8 Rotavirus is the most common cause of moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis in children younger than 2 years of age causing from 30% to 50% of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations in this age group.9 –11 This virus is detected in 10% to 30% ...
EBOLA VIRUS
... infected blood or secretions, including from those who are dead. • This involves suspecting and diagnosing the disease early and using standard precautions for all patients in the healthcare setting. • Recommended measures when caring for those who are infected include isolating them, sterilizing eq ...
... infected blood or secretions, including from those who are dead. • This involves suspecting and diagnosing the disease early and using standard precautions for all patients in the healthcare setting. • Recommended measures when caring for those who are infected include isolating them, sterilizing eq ...
Hepatitis A Virus in Imported Frozen Berries
... Infection with Hepatitis A virus can cause illness so mild that it is hardly noticed (especially in young children) but it can also cause very severe and sometimes lifethreatening disease (especially in some adults). Illness usually starts about 28 days after exposure to the virus but it can start a ...
... Infection with Hepatitis A virus can cause illness so mild that it is hardly noticed (especially in young children) but it can also cause very severe and sometimes lifethreatening disease (especially in some adults). Illness usually starts about 28 days after exposure to the virus but it can start a ...
Chapter 6
... 2. Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function. 3. Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses. 4. Describe the types of capsid symmetry. ...
... 2. Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function. 3. Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses. 4. Describe the types of capsid symmetry. ...
chapter24a
... The virus could not be isolated, thus went extinct when the pandemic ended In 2005 a group resurrected the 1918 strain from bodies buried in Alaskan permafrost Viral genome sequencing indicated it was an avian influenza A virus It was also infectious... ...
... The virus could not be isolated, thus went extinct when the pandemic ended In 2005 a group resurrected the 1918 strain from bodies buried in Alaskan permafrost Viral genome sequencing indicated it was an avian influenza A virus It was also infectious... ...
Here - MUNESCO
... history, there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. An epidemic is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.Ziku and Ebola are two different pandemic/epidemi ...
... history, there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. An epidemic is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.Ziku and Ebola are two different pandemic/epidemi ...
Perinatal Infectious Diseases
... • Prevention: screen all pregnant women in 1st visit; avoid exposure during pregnancy; vaccination of seronegative women in postpartum period and contraception for 3 months ...
... • Prevention: screen all pregnant women in 1st visit; avoid exposure during pregnancy; vaccination of seronegative women in postpartum period and contraception for 3 months ...
Emerging Infectious Diseases (review series introduction)
... developed. The selective forces that drive the emergence of new infectious diseases, and the implications for our survival, are just beginning to be understood. Emerging infectious diseases are caused by new or previously unrecognized microorganisms (Figure 1 and Table 1). Although the term became p ...
... developed. The selective forces that drive the emergence of new infectious diseases, and the implications for our survival, are just beginning to be understood. Emerging infectious diseases are caused by new or previously unrecognized microorganisms (Figure 1 and Table 1). Although the term became p ...
Coxsackie Virus: The Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease
... of the hand and soles of the feet and the buttocks and genitals may be involved [10,11]. Some are suffering from conjunctivitis .The patients are most contagious for a week after the symptoms begin but may take for several weeks. In majority cases HMFD are self-limited, so usually no treatment is re ...
... of the hand and soles of the feet and the buttocks and genitals may be involved [10,11]. Some are suffering from conjunctivitis .The patients are most contagious for a week after the symptoms begin but may take for several weeks. In majority cases HMFD are self-limited, so usually no treatment is re ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.