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Determination of a possible mechanism for
Determination of a possible mechanism for

... tissues [8]. There are three members in the family Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 and they mediate many fundamental intracellular signaling pathways such as cell growth, proliferation, protection from apoptosis, modulation of DNA damage genome stability and many more [15,16]. The functions of the Akt family a ...
Chapter 12 Section 2 - Woodland Hills School District
Chapter 12 Section 2 - Woodland Hills School District

... mitochondria and chloroplasts descended from bacteria: 3. Mitochondrial and chloroplast ribosomes have a size and structure similar to the size and structure of bacterial ribosomes. 4. Like bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria reproduce by simple fission. This replication takes place independentl ...
Diffusion and Osmosis
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... Water moves through the pores of the cell membrane like other molecules. The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration (thru a semi-permeable membrane) is called: Osmosis Osmosis = movement of water (the solvent) Diffusion = movement of dissolved materials (the solutes) ...
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Nicotine Affects Behaviour, Morphology and Cortical Cytoskeleton of

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Cell Factory Project

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Unit 5.1: Cell Division and the Cell Cycle
Unit 5.1: Cell Division and the Cell Cycle

... You consist of a great many cells, but like all other organisms, you started life as a single cell. How did you develop from a single cell into an organism with trillions of cells? The answer is cell division. After cells grow to their maximum size, they divide into two new cells. These new cells ar ...
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Cell Structure Section 2 The Framework of the Cell

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L4 Evaluation of plant drugs

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Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Organelles in Animal

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Trypanosome TOR complex 2 functions in cytokinesis

... thus leading to cell mass accumulation. Metazoans seemed to be subjected to more complex regulation through the involvement of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor system, which couples TOR activation to energy levels, growth factors or variation in oxygen concentration in order to orchestrate ove ...
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... huanglongbing (HLB). Commonly referred to as citrus greening disease in the USA, HLB causes reduced fruit yields and quality leading to tree death and is considered the most serious citrus disease. HLB has become a major limiting factor to the production of citrus world-wide. Studies of HLB have bee ...
Plant cell walls - Faculty of Biological Sciences
Plant cell walls - Faculty of Biological Sciences

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SC Biology State Standards
SC Biology State Standards

... Use appropriate laboratory apparatuses, technology, and techniques safely and accurately when conducting a scientific investigation. B-1.3 Use scientific instruments to record measurement data in appropriate metric units that reflect the precision and accuracy of each particular instrument. B-1.4 De ...
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SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION Journal of Cell Science

... oscillations. (C) Position of the middle of Cen2 spots according to time (blue). This trajectory is interpolated by a spline function (red). The local maxima of the interpolated curve are identified and used to determine half periods (T1/2, horizontal arrow) and amplitudes (A, vertical arrow) in kin ...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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... How do cells obtain the energy they need to carry out all their functions? Hummingbirds feed on the nectar produced by flowers. Nectar is a sweet liquid composed largely of carbohydrates. What does nectar provide for the cells of the hummingbird? ...
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Programmed cell death



Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.
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