A matter of size: developmental control of organ size in plants
... flowers and petals of Brassica napus, another member of Brassicaceae, are always much larger than those of Arabidopsis (Figure 1). Although it has long been established that organ size within a species is constant but differs among species, the developmental mechanisms that regulate the inherent org ...
... flowers and petals of Brassica napus, another member of Brassicaceae, are always much larger than those of Arabidopsis (Figure 1). Although it has long been established that organ size within a species is constant but differs among species, the developmental mechanisms that regulate the inherent org ...
Domain conservation in several volvocalean cell wall - UvA-DARE
... To determine whether C. eugametos wall proteins contain (SerPro)x epitopes, affinity-purified antibodies generated against a (SerPro)10 oligopeptide (c~-(SerPro)10), [57]) were used to immunoprecipitate the in vitro translation products of poly(A) + RNA samples from three different stages of the lif ...
... To determine whether C. eugametos wall proteins contain (SerPro)x epitopes, affinity-purified antibodies generated against a (SerPro)10 oligopeptide (c~-(SerPro)10), [57]) were used to immunoprecipitate the in vitro translation products of poly(A) + RNA samples from three different stages of the lif ...
Introduction Cell Cycle
... increased exponentially with growth rate. Combining the data on mass increase with the constant C+D period measured by Cooper and Helmstetter, it was found by Donachie (1968) that bacteria initiate their DNA replication at a constant cell mass. What determines this critical cell mass in molecular te ...
... increased exponentially with growth rate. Combining the data on mass increase with the constant C+D period measured by Cooper and Helmstetter, it was found by Donachie (1968) that bacteria initiate their DNA replication at a constant cell mass. What determines this critical cell mass in molecular te ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... principle luminal polysaccharide is callose (Samuels et al., 1995; Seguı́-Simarro et al., 2004). The abundance of other cell wall polysaccharides, including pectins and xyloglucans, also differs between cell plates and cross walls (Moore and Staehelin, 1988). Although it is apparent that the composi ...
... principle luminal polysaccharide is callose (Samuels et al., 1995; Seguı́-Simarro et al., 2004). The abundance of other cell wall polysaccharides, including pectins and xyloglucans, also differs between cell plates and cross walls (Moore and Staehelin, 1988). Although it is apparent that the composi ...
Cytokinesis in Tobacco BY-2 and Root Tip Cells: A New Model of
... cell wall between daughter cells. This process is accomplished by the formation of the phragmoplast that not only builds the new plate but spatially orients it within the cell relative to the whole plant or organ axis. The phragmoplast of higher plant cells has been described as consisting of three ...
... cell wall between daughter cells. This process is accomplished by the formation of the phragmoplast that not only builds the new plate but spatially orients it within the cell relative to the whole plant or organ axis. The phragmoplast of higher plant cells has been described as consisting of three ...
Plant cell shape: modulators and measurements
... the rates of expansion of a given segment of the wall are different in different directions. Anistropy is distinguished from isotropy, where the rates of expansion are equal in all directions. Cell wall anisotropy is determined by the structure of the cell wall and the arrangement of cellulose withi ...
... the rates of expansion of a given segment of the wall are different in different directions. Anistropy is distinguished from isotropy, where the rates of expansion are equal in all directions. Cell wall anisotropy is determined by the structure of the cell wall and the arrangement of cellulose withi ...
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
... forms with minimum input of chemicals and energy [7,12-15]. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of plant uptake and metabolism of PAHs in removing PAHs from the environment [16-18]. In general, two primary processes are responsible for PAH transfer and distribution in plant tissues: (1) transfe ...
... forms with minimum input of chemicals and energy [7,12-15]. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of plant uptake and metabolism of PAHs in removing PAHs from the environment [16-18]. In general, two primary processes are responsible for PAH transfer and distribution in plant tissues: (1) transfe ...
Digging for the roots of amoeboid motility
... seen what the signature actin regulators evolutionarily associated with the lamellipodial or bleb-based forms of actin-based motility are. Second, and perhaps more interestingly, α motility likely existed in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. This conclusion is based on the evidence that both WASP ...
... seen what the signature actin regulators evolutionarily associated with the lamellipodial or bleb-based forms of actin-based motility are. Second, and perhaps more interestingly, α motility likely existed in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. This conclusion is based on the evidence that both WASP ...
Measuring the stiffness of bacterial cells from growth
... modulus of the cell envelope is similar, indicating that these species may share a common network architecture. We also found that depolymerization of MreB using the small molecule A22 did not significantly affect the longitudinal stiffness of E. coli cells, illustrating the utility of CLAMP in the ...
... modulus of the cell envelope is similar, indicating that these species may share a common network architecture. We also found that depolymerization of MreB using the small molecule A22 did not significantly affect the longitudinal stiffness of E. coli cells, illustrating the utility of CLAMP in the ...
Cytokinesis in Tobacco BY-2 and Root Tip Cells: A
... cell wall between daughter cells. This process is accomplished by the formation of the phragmoplast that not only builds the new plate but spatially orients it within the cell relative to the whole plant or organ axis. The phragmoplast of higher plant cells has been described as consisting of three ...
... cell wall between daughter cells. This process is accomplished by the formation of the phragmoplast that not only builds the new plate but spatially orients it within the cell relative to the whole plant or organ axis. The phragmoplast of higher plant cells has been described as consisting of three ...
Chapter 31 Plants
... 31.5 Three tissue systems make up the plant body The organs of plants contain tissues, which are a group of cells that together perform a specialized function. For example – xylem tissue contains water-conducting cells that convey water and dissolved minerals upward from roots and – phloem tissue ...
... 31.5 Three tissue systems make up the plant body The organs of plants contain tissues, which are a group of cells that together perform a specialized function. For example – xylem tissue contains water-conducting cells that convey water and dissolved minerals upward from roots and – phloem tissue ...
An A/ENTH Domain-Containing Protein Functions
... Among a large number of ANTH domain proteins, AP180 is involved in endocytosis in both animal and plant cells (Mao et al., 2001; Barth and Holstein, 2004). Among the ENTH domain proteins, Epsin1, Epsin2, and Epsin3 in animal cells and ENT1 in yeast function in endocytosis (Chen et al., 1998; Aguilar ...
... Among a large number of ANTH domain proteins, AP180 is involved in endocytosis in both animal and plant cells (Mao et al., 2001; Barth and Holstein, 2004). Among the ENTH domain proteins, Epsin1, Epsin2, and Epsin3 in animal cells and ENT1 in yeast function in endocytosis (Chen et al., 1998; Aguilar ...
Climbers_and_Wall_shrubs
... scramble up or over suitable supports. • Wall shrubs have no adaptations for climbing and require careful training and tying in to supports ...
... scramble up or over suitable supports. • Wall shrubs have no adaptations for climbing and require careful training and tying in to supports ...
Q5D - ICH
... procedures that allow the cell bank containers to be traced. This should include a description of the documentation system as well as that of a labelling system which can withstand the process of preservation, storage, and recovery from storage without loss of labelling information on the container. ...
... procedures that allow the cell bank containers to be traced. This should include a description of the documentation system as well as that of a labelling system which can withstand the process of preservation, storage, and recovery from storage without loss of labelling information on the container. ...
Formative Cell Divisions: Principal Determinants of Plant
... Plant cells are surrounded by the rigid cell walls and, as a result, they are immobile. Descendant cells are placed next to the mother cell and remain there throughout their lifespan. The orientation of the cell division plane is critical as it determines not only the positions of daughter cells but ...
... Plant cells are surrounded by the rigid cell walls and, as a result, they are immobile. Descendant cells are placed next to the mother cell and remain there throughout their lifespan. The orientation of the cell division plane is critical as it determines not only the positions of daughter cells but ...
Mode Suppressed TEM Cell Design For High Frequency IC
... order TE or TM modes should be suppressed, but the TEM mode and the shielding efficiency should not be affected. Several different methods have been introduced on suppressing higher order mode resonances in a large TEM cell [6-8]. All those methods were found effective to dampen resonances, but all ...
... order TE or TM modes should be suppressed, but the TEM mode and the shielding efficiency should not be affected. Several different methods have been introduced on suppressing higher order mode resonances in a large TEM cell [6-8]. All those methods were found effective to dampen resonances, but all ...
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Section: 7-1 Life
... Lipid portions of the cell membrane and proteins are made by the endoplasmic reticulum. New proteins leave the ribosomes on roughendoplasmic reticulum and may be chemically altered in the ER. Newly assembled proteins are carried from the rough-ER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. ...
... Lipid portions of the cell membrane and proteins are made by the endoplasmic reticulum. New proteins leave the ribosomes on roughendoplasmic reticulum and may be chemically altered in the ER. Newly assembled proteins are carried from the rough-ER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. ...
Cell division and leaf morphogenesis - Development
... Mironov et al., 1999). One conclusion from this work has been that although the plant cell cycle shows many similarities with that found in other eukaryotes, differences are also apparent. In particular, genome sequencing strategies have revealed a plethora of genes encoding putative components of t ...
... Mironov et al., 1999). One conclusion from this work has been that although the plant cell cycle shows many similarities with that found in other eukaryotes, differences are also apparent. In particular, genome sequencing strategies have revealed a plethora of genes encoding putative components of t ...
REVIEW CELL DIVISION FROM A GENETIC PERSPECTIVE
... In some cases, however, the execution point for a particular mutant occurs considerably before the mutant cell exhibits any observable defect in its progress through the cell cycle. For example, mutants of S. cerevisiae were found with execution points early in the cell cycle, at about the time of b ...
... In some cases, however, the execution point for a particular mutant occurs considerably before the mutant cell exhibits any observable defect in its progress through the cell cycle. For example, mutants of S. cerevisiae were found with execution points early in the cell cycle, at about the time of b ...
review cell division from a genetic perspective
... division until two or more divisions after the shift (multicycle arrest). In genes that exhibit alleles of both types, it is likely that the former are temperature-sensitive for function and the latter for synthesis. The fact that the latter are capable of completing several divisions at the restric ...
... division until two or more divisions after the shift (multicycle arrest). In genes that exhibit alleles of both types, it is likely that the former are temperature-sensitive for function and the latter for synthesis. The fact that the latter are capable of completing several divisions at the restric ...
A Vacuolar Processing Enzyme, dVPE, Is Involved in Seed Coat
... Figures 6A to 6D show the cytological changes in the inner integuments of developing wild-type seeds at the torpedoshaped-embryo stages. At first, cells in the ii2 layer started shrinkage and plasmolysis (Figure 6A). The plasma membrane and tonoplast are partially disrupted (indicated by an asterisk ...
... Figures 6A to 6D show the cytological changes in the inner integuments of developing wild-type seeds at the torpedoshaped-embryo stages. At first, cells in the ii2 layer started shrinkage and plasmolysis (Figure 6A). The plasma membrane and tonoplast are partially disrupted (indicated by an asterisk ...
review cell division from a genetic perspective
... implies that the thermolabile gene product in each of these mutants is synthesized or functions at the time of occurrence of the diagnostic landmark and suggests that the gene product in question plays a role intrinsic to this stage-specific event. In such cases, a biochemical analysis of the mutant ...
... implies that the thermolabile gene product in each of these mutants is synthesized or functions at the time of occurrence of the diagnostic landmark and suggests that the gene product in question plays a role intrinsic to this stage-specific event. In such cases, a biochemical analysis of the mutant ...
Multiple mediators of plant programmed cell death: interplay of
... Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process aimed at eliminating redundant or harmful cells during the life cycle of multicellular organisms. For example, PCD is responsible for the removal of excess cells in the developing nervous system, or is activated in defence against infected or mutated cells, p ...
... Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process aimed at eliminating redundant or harmful cells during the life cycle of multicellular organisms. For example, PCD is responsible for the removal of excess cells in the developing nervous system, or is activated in defence against infected or mutated cells, p ...
Diel patterns of growth and division
... period, cell numbers remained quite stable or even decreased. Size-related parameters, FALS and RALS, were subjected to strong oscillations. Minimum and maximum relative values were recorded around the dark-light and light-dark transitions, respectively (Fig. 2, B, C, G, H, and L). The daily pattern ...
... period, cell numbers remained quite stable or even decreased. Size-related parameters, FALS and RALS, were subjected to strong oscillations. Minimum and maximum relative values were recorded around the dark-light and light-dark transitions, respectively (Fig. 2, B, C, G, H, and L). The daily pattern ...
Dictyostelium cytokinesis: from molecules to mechanics
... expansion model (Uyeda et al., 2000) and the mechanical lens model (Weber, 2001). We will focus our discussion around the equatorial force-generation model. We direct the reader to these other articles for slightly different views of the mechanics of cytokinesis. In the equatorial force-generation mo ...
... expansion model (Uyeda et al., 2000) and the mechanical lens model (Weber, 2001). We will focus our discussion around the equatorial force-generation model. We direct the reader to these other articles for slightly different views of the mechanics of cytokinesis. In the equatorial force-generation mo ...
Cell wall
The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi and prokaryotic cells but not in mycoplasmas.The composition of the cell wall varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Archaean cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica. Often, other accessory molecules are found anchored to the cell wall.