plant endophyte in food chain – friend or foe?
... Natural communities involve complex interactions among a number of species. The term ‘symbiosis’, Greek for “life together”, is commonly defined as a close and often longterm interaction between different species. Since its first use by de Bary (1887), the term has been applied to a wide range of bi ...
... Natural communities involve complex interactions among a number of species. The term ‘symbiosis’, Greek for “life together”, is commonly defined as a close and often longterm interaction between different species. Since its first use by de Bary (1887), the term has been applied to a wide range of bi ...
Diversity and coevolutionary dynamics in high
... the radiation than late in the radiation, a pattern that corresponds to the “early-burst” perspective of macroevolution that has attracted much attention in recent years (Gavrilets and Losos, 2009, Harmon et al., 2010, Slater and Pennell, 2013). Our results also show that the level at which diversit ...
... the radiation than late in the radiation, a pattern that corresponds to the “early-burst” perspective of macroevolution that has attracted much attention in recent years (Gavrilets and Losos, 2009, Harmon et al., 2010, Slater and Pennell, 2013). Our results also show that the level at which diversit ...
Native species behaviour mitigates the impact of
... et al. 2007). Anadara is a large (up to 70 mm shell length), thick-shelled bivalve occurring from the intertidal to shallow subtidal (0–3 m water depth) in sheltered mud, sand, seagrass and now Caulerpa habitats (Wright et al. 2007). Anadara are suspension feeders with short siphons, and in unvegeta ...
... et al. 2007). Anadara is a large (up to 70 mm shell length), thick-shelled bivalve occurring from the intertidal to shallow subtidal (0–3 m water depth) in sheltered mud, sand, seagrass and now Caulerpa habitats (Wright et al. 2007). Anadara are suspension feeders with short siphons, and in unvegeta ...
Natural Organic Chemicals on Development
... invertebrates is the water fleas of the genus Daphnia. These animals are often the dominant herbivores in lakes and ponds. They play a key role in determining water clarity (by grazing on algae) and they are an important part of the diet of fish. Natural chemical signals (kairomones) produced by pre ...
... invertebrates is the water fleas of the genus Daphnia. These animals are often the dominant herbivores in lakes and ponds. They play a key role in determining water clarity (by grazing on algae) and they are an important part of the diet of fish. Natural chemical signals (kairomones) produced by pre ...
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... assemblage of vegetation communities. No recent vegetation inventories existed, and since the last vegetation map had been created many vegetation types within the former ranch had undergone changes due to grazing pressure, logging and fire. As a result, little was known about the communities and th ...
... assemblage of vegetation communities. No recent vegetation inventories existed, and since the last vegetation map had been created many vegetation types within the former ranch had undergone changes due to grazing pressure, logging and fire. As a result, little was known about the communities and th ...
abstract book - Birdmeetings.org
... W5.5 Bonnot, T.; Landscape-based population viability models demonstrate importance of strategic conservation planning for birds ...
... W5.5 Bonnot, T.; Landscape-based population viability models demonstrate importance of strategic conservation planning for birds ...
Checkerspot Stewardship Guide HSP 2014 (3.4 Megabytes – pdf)
... around Denman, reflect this pattern. In one meadow-habitat that has been open- land since at least 1980, a small population of Taylor’s checkerspot butterflies seemed to increase from 2007 to 2009, to decline somewhat in 2011 and then to remain fairly stable through 2013. On two transects within rec ...
... around Denman, reflect this pattern. In one meadow-habitat that has been open- land since at least 1980, a small population of Taylor’s checkerspot butterflies seemed to increase from 2007 to 2009, to decline somewhat in 2011 and then to remain fairly stable through 2013. On two transects within rec ...
EFFECTS OF AN INVASIVE CONSUMER ON ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES ARE by
... unanticipated consequences of previously well-understood phenomena". Of particular importance to the development of multiple stressor experiments was the hypothesis by Breitburg et al. (1998) that the most damaging combinations of stressors would be those that interact to affect different species in ...
... unanticipated consequences of previously well-understood phenomena". Of particular importance to the development of multiple stressor experiments was the hypothesis by Breitburg et al. (1998) that the most damaging combinations of stressors would be those that interact to affect different species in ...
Habitat Connectivity: Monitoring of Crossing Structures
... across a highway in NW Spain in order to determine their use by terrestrial vertebrates. We used marble dust-beds to get footprints and a complementary photographic system to identify species which cannot be distinguished by tracks. Footprint data (820 passage-days) were collected from 82 passage st ...
... across a highway in NW Spain in order to determine their use by terrestrial vertebrates. We used marble dust-beds to get footprints and a complementary photographic system to identify species which cannot be distinguished by tracks. Footprint data (820 passage-days) were collected from 82 passage st ...
Conservation Biology for All - Society for Conservation Biology
... Box 3.3: Ecosystem services and agroecosystems in a landscape context (Teja Tscharntke) 3.5 Mobile Links Box 3.4: Conservation of plant-animal mutualisms (Priya Davidar) Box 3.5: Consequences of pollinator decline for the global food supply (Claire Kremen) 3.6 Nature’s Cures versus Emerging Diseases ...
... Box 3.3: Ecosystem services and agroecosystems in a landscape context (Teja Tscharntke) 3.5 Mobile Links Box 3.4: Conservation of plant-animal mutualisms (Priya Davidar) Box 3.5: Consequences of pollinator decline for the global food supply (Claire Kremen) 3.6 Nature’s Cures versus Emerging Diseases ...
definitions of harmful alteration, disruption or destruction (hadd)
... compared to core regions of larger beds, but constant species richness over all regions of smaller beds, in which richness was similar to those of the core regions of larger beds. This contrasts to other studies that have found a positive edge effect (increased species diversity and abundance at the ...
... compared to core regions of larger beds, but constant species richness over all regions of smaller beds, in which richness was similar to those of the core regions of larger beds. This contrasts to other studies that have found a positive edge effect (increased species diversity and abundance at the ...
Are dingoes a trophic regulator in arid Australia? A comparison of
... Abstract The direct and indirect interactions that large mammalian carnivores have with other species can have far-reaching effects on ecosystems. In recent years there has been growing interest in the role that Australia’s largest terrestrial predator, the dingo, may have in structuring ecosystems. ...
... Abstract The direct and indirect interactions that large mammalian carnivores have with other species can have far-reaching effects on ecosystems. In recent years there has been growing interest in the role that Australia’s largest terrestrial predator, the dingo, may have in structuring ecosystems. ...
Artificial Night Lighting and Protected Lands
... surface illumination. Changes in surface lighting can have effects hundreds of meters below the surface. Lighting will alter reproduction and predator–prey interactions, and can attract organisms across wide areas. Grasslands are also open habitats with few barriers to block lights. Research shows i ...
... surface illumination. Changes in surface lighting can have effects hundreds of meters below the surface. Lighting will alter reproduction and predator–prey interactions, and can attract organisms across wide areas. Grasslands are also open habitats with few barriers to block lights. Research shows i ...
effects of temperature on the population dynamics
... monoculture and in competition. Globally, the current increases in temperature and habitat loss are two major drivers of ecological change, and this study provides the first experimental evaluation of their joint effect on population dynamics. I performed a microcosm experiment using habitats of two ...
... monoculture and in competition. Globally, the current increases in temperature and habitat loss are two major drivers of ecological change, and this study provides the first experimental evaluation of their joint effect on population dynamics. I performed a microcosm experiment using habitats of two ...
species introduction and replacement among mosquitoes
... Wilson 1990), or the introduced species may only increase when some external disturbance (e.g., weather, man-made environmental change) causes a decline in populations of resident species (e.g., Herbold and Moyle 1986). More than one of these processes may act in any single system (e.g., Garvey et a ...
... Wilson 1990), or the introduced species may only increase when some external disturbance (e.g., weather, man-made environmental change) causes a decline in populations of resident species (e.g., Herbold and Moyle 1986). More than one of these processes may act in any single system (e.g., Garvey et a ...
Volume 2, Chapter 4-2 - Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech
... Argonemertes dendyi (Figure 12) is among the small fauna, measuring only 15 mm (Dakin 1915). It has multiple eyes, numbering as many as 30 or 40. As descendents from marine organisms, one of the major adaptations required by terrestrial nemerteans was a way to maintain sufficient hydration (Moore & ...
... Argonemertes dendyi (Figure 12) is among the small fauna, measuring only 15 mm (Dakin 1915). It has multiple eyes, numbering as many as 30 or 40. As descendents from marine organisms, one of the major adaptations required by terrestrial nemerteans was a way to maintain sufficient hydration (Moore & ...
Herpetological Review Herpetological Review
... effects of geography on biodiversity. One particularly interesting geographic feature, the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates the Iberian Peninsula from North Africa at the western terminus of the Mediterranean Sea, has long been of interest to evolutionary biologists. It currently is an effectiv ...
... effects of geography on biodiversity. One particularly interesting geographic feature, the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates the Iberian Peninsula from North Africa at the western terminus of the Mediterranean Sea, has long been of interest to evolutionary biologists. It currently is an effectiv ...
Action Plan for the conservation of Wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Europe
... Like many conservation issues, the future of Europe's large carnivores is dependent on cross-border co-operation between nations and, importantly, on managing their interaction with human activities. The challenge of conserving large carnivores is complex and must involve a wide range of stakeholder ...
... Like many conservation issues, the future of Europe's large carnivores is dependent on cross-border co-operation between nations and, importantly, on managing their interaction with human activities. The challenge of conserving large carnivores is complex and must involve a wide range of stakeholder ...
A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment
... different environmental conditions. Moreover, the possible existence of different limiting factors for grasses and shrubs adds complexity to the way environmental conditions determine the competitive advantage of one life form over the other. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the conver ...
... different environmental conditions. Moreover, the possible existence of different limiting factors for grasses and shrubs adds complexity to the way environmental conditions determine the competitive advantage of one life form over the other. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the conver ...
CIESMW orkshop S eries Fishing down the - ICM-CSIC
... as a promising alternative strategy (e.g., Jennings and Polunin, 1996; Mooney, 1998; Pauly, 1998; Gislason et al., 2000; Cochrane, 2000; Pitcher, 2000a; Coelho, this volume). Within this frame work, the adoption of a variety of “ecosystem” objectives, indicators and reference points, that trigger ma ...
... as a promising alternative strategy (e.g., Jennings and Polunin, 1996; Mooney, 1998; Pauly, 1998; Gislason et al., 2000; Cochrane, 2000; Pitcher, 2000a; Coelho, this volume). Within this frame work, the adoption of a variety of “ecosystem” objectives, indicators and reference points, that trigger ma ...
pdf
... Yet even in non-BT years (e.g. 2005) or at locations where intense BT did not occur (e.g. western GSB in 2001) small algae dominated the total summer phytoplankton standing stock in GSB. Juvenile and adult clams poorly retain this size fraction and many of its constituent species, such as green alga ...
... Yet even in non-BT years (e.g. 2005) or at locations where intense BT did not occur (e.g. western GSB in 2001) small algae dominated the total summer phytoplankton standing stock in GSB. Juvenile and adult clams poorly retain this size fraction and many of its constituent species, such as green alga ...
View Document - bison-m
... shorter timescale (once the threats are imminent) than for species with lower magnitude threats. Because we do not routinely quantify how likely or how soon extinction would be expected to occur absent listing, we must evaluate factors that contribute to the likelihood and time scale for extinction. ...
... shorter timescale (once the threats are imminent) than for species with lower magnitude threats. Because we do not routinely quantify how likely or how soon extinction would be expected to occur absent listing, we must evaluate factors that contribute to the likelihood and time scale for extinction. ...
Biome and Ecology Project
... Provide a picture of each 7) Biomass Pyramid or Pyramid of Numbers or an Energy pyramid should be drawn using the names of organisms found in the biome. 8) Give an example of how humans have specifically influenced this environment. What impact will this have on humans in the future? 9) Eco-tourism ...
... Provide a picture of each 7) Biomass Pyramid or Pyramid of Numbers or an Energy pyramid should be drawn using the names of organisms found in the biome. 8) Give an example of how humans have specifically influenced this environment. What impact will this have on humans in the future? 9) Eco-tourism ...
insert new cover - Warringah Council
... and field archery. In addition, the reserve has unique environmental and biodiversity values with remnant stands of Duffy’s Forest (scheduled as an endangered ecological community). This community contains scheduled threatened species such as Caley’s Grevillea and possibly other threatened species. ...
... and field archery. In addition, the reserve has unique environmental and biodiversity values with remnant stands of Duffy’s Forest (scheduled as an endangered ecological community). This community contains scheduled threatened species such as Caley’s Grevillea and possibly other threatened species. ...
influence of live coral cover and additional habitat factors on
... organisms around specific ranges of live coral cover was seen, although some evidence of diet preferences influencing communities was present. These results demonstrated how many habitat factors in addition to live coral can structure communities in tropical reefs, which is important to consider for ...
... organisms around specific ranges of live coral cover was seen, although some evidence of diet preferences influencing communities was present. These results demonstrated how many habitat factors in addition to live coral can structure communities in tropical reefs, which is important to consider for ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.