Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on
... firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attractor networks that are revealed by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their ...
... firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attractor networks that are revealed by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their ...
Long Term Potentiation
... Long term potentiation (Figure 1) is an experimental method in which axons coming from one part of a rat's hippocampal formation, the entorhinal cortex, are stimulated many times in rapid succession, which leads to an increase in activity in another part of the hippocampal formation, the dentate gyr ...
... Long term potentiation (Figure 1) is an experimental method in which axons coming from one part of a rat's hippocampal formation, the entorhinal cortex, are stimulated many times in rapid succession, which leads to an increase in activity in another part of the hippocampal formation, the dentate gyr ...
Cerebellum
... dendrites appear smooth and contacted by the climbing fibers. In contrast, distal dendritic branches are covered with spines, most of which establish contacts with parallel fibers (the axons of the granule cells). In large mammals, the P tree bears over 200,000 synaptic spines. All PC cells are GABA ...
... dendrites appear smooth and contacted by the climbing fibers. In contrast, distal dendritic branches are covered with spines, most of which establish contacts with parallel fibers (the axons of the granule cells). In large mammals, the P tree bears over 200,000 synaptic spines. All PC cells are GABA ...
Specific Projection of the Sensory Crypt Cells in
... mitral cells whose axons make up the lMOT. This finding is in accordance with our previous studies showing that microvillous ORNs project to the lateral olfactory tract, which mediates feeding behavior, and that ciliated ORNs project to the medial bundle of the medial olfactory tract mediating alarm ...
... mitral cells whose axons make up the lMOT. This finding is in accordance with our previous studies showing that microvillous ORNs project to the lateral olfactory tract, which mediates feeding behavior, and that ciliated ORNs project to the medial bundle of the medial olfactory tract mediating alarm ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... connectivity during early development of the nervous system (Katz and Shatz, 1996). Although most studies have focused on the role of activity in sculpting axonal arbors, there is increasing evidence that neuronal activity also fine-tunes dendritic growth and branching. Dendritic differentiation occ ...
... connectivity during early development of the nervous system (Katz and Shatz, 1996). Although most studies have focused on the role of activity in sculpting axonal arbors, there is increasing evidence that neuronal activity also fine-tunes dendritic growth and branching. Dendritic differentiation occ ...
Ionic Mechanism of the Slow Afterdepolarization Induced by
... vitro brain slices. The ability of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol to induce the appearance of an sADP in pyramidal cells of layer V of prefrontal cortex is antagonized in a surmountable manner by atropine and is mimicked by application of muscarine or oxotremorine. These results indicate that ACh ...
... vitro brain slices. The ability of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol to induce the appearance of an sADP in pyramidal cells of layer V of prefrontal cortex is antagonized in a surmountable manner by atropine and is mimicked by application of muscarine or oxotremorine. These results indicate that ACh ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... specifically target the perisomatic area of pyramidal neurons. Interneurons expressing somato- ...
... specifically target the perisomatic area of pyramidal neurons. Interneurons expressing somato- ...
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
... indicate that a combinatorial neural code, based on rapid associations of groups of neurons co-ordinating their activity at the single spike level, is possible within a cortical-like network. Evidence is accumulating that cortical neurons in vivo are capable of producing action potentials with high ...
... indicate that a combinatorial neural code, based on rapid associations of groups of neurons co-ordinating their activity at the single spike level, is possible within a cortical-like network. Evidence is accumulating that cortical neurons in vivo are capable of producing action potentials with high ...
Unilateral Ibotenic Acid Lesions of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduce
... the STN are from the motor and pre-motor areas [9], which influence the activity of the STN-GP network directly via excitatory projections. However, anatomical and electrophysiological findings have shown that the STN also receives direct excitatory afferents from the medial division of the prefrontal ...
... the STN are from the motor and pre-motor areas [9], which influence the activity of the STN-GP network directly via excitatory projections. However, anatomical and electrophysiological findings have shown that the STN also receives direct excitatory afferents from the medial division of the prefrontal ...
Development and function of human cerebral cortex neural networks
... cerebral cortex, is the formation of higher-order neural networks. Developing neural networks undergo several phases with distinct activity patterns in vivo, which are thought to prune and fine-tune network connectivity. We report here that human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cerebral cortex ...
... cerebral cortex, is the formation of higher-order neural networks. Developing neural networks undergo several phases with distinct activity patterns in vivo, which are thought to prune and fine-tune network connectivity. We report here that human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cerebral cortex ...
Addressing of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors
... intracellular addressing of these receptors, we have used in vitro systems including Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK II) epithelial cells and primary neuronal cultures. Furthermore, we have extended these studies to examine addressing in vivo in transgenic mice. In epithelial cells, 5HT1A receptors ...
... intracellular addressing of these receptors, we have used in vitro systems including Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK II) epithelial cells and primary neuronal cultures. Furthermore, we have extended these studies to examine addressing in vivo in transgenic mice. In epithelial cells, 5HT1A receptors ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... Pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex also have several important specializations in morphology and physiology, ones that differ from those of Purkinje and spiny neurons. First, pyramidal neurons have combinations of ion channels that promote graded frequencies of firing in response to graded str ...
... Pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex also have several important specializations in morphology and physiology, ones that differ from those of Purkinje and spiny neurons. First, pyramidal neurons have combinations of ion channels that promote graded frequencies of firing in response to graded str ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... border PirC and more caudally, the entorhinal cortex (EC, see Fig. 2D,F). The junction of the perirhinal and piriform cortex is located on the surface of the hemisphere (Fig. 2A,D). However, the depth of the rhinal sulcus significantly increases caudally and the junction of the entorhinal and perirh ...
... border PirC and more caudally, the entorhinal cortex (EC, see Fig. 2D,F). The junction of the perirhinal and piriform cortex is located on the surface of the hemisphere (Fig. 2A,D). However, the depth of the rhinal sulcus significantly increases caudally and the junction of the entorhinal and perirh ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... Figure 1.2. Closely folded brain structures only generate “closed fields” which cancel within a few millimeters due to nearby sources with random or opposite orientations. Although some structures like the cerebellum were historically considered to generate only closed fields and no EEG, recent MEG ...
... Figure 1.2. Closely folded brain structures only generate “closed fields” which cancel within a few millimeters due to nearby sources with random or opposite orientations. Although some structures like the cerebellum were historically considered to generate only closed fields and no EEG, recent MEG ...
The Fraction of Cortical GABAergic Neurons Is Constant from Near
... Figure 2. Migration patterns of GAD67-GFP cells during development. A–I, Images of GAD67-GFP heterozygote mouse brains at indicated stages. Aⴕ–Iⴕ, High-magnification pictures of A–I at middle sections along the anterior/posterior and lateral/medial axes. GAD67 ⫹ cells begin to reach to the cortex ta ...
... Figure 2. Migration patterns of GAD67-GFP cells during development. A–I, Images of GAD67-GFP heterozygote mouse brains at indicated stages. Aⴕ–Iⴕ, High-magnification pictures of A–I at middle sections along the anterior/posterior and lateral/medial axes. GAD67 ⫹ cells begin to reach to the cortex ta ...
Survival of cultured hippocampal neurons upon hypoxia
... campal cultures in hypoxic condition death of 30% of non-treated neurons was observed. In cultures containing high GBP concentrations:100 μM and 300 μM, two-fold higher number of nerve cells remained viable as compared to control cultures without drug. Neuroprotective properties of GBP were describe ...
... campal cultures in hypoxic condition death of 30% of non-treated neurons was observed. In cultures containing high GBP concentrations:100 μM and 300 μM, two-fold higher number of nerve cells remained viable as compared to control cultures without drug. Neuroprotective properties of GBP were describe ...
Final Exam Answers
... 1. An important feature of the leakage K+ channels that generate the resting membrane potential in neurons is that A. they take approximately 200 msec to gate open. * B. they have a high probability of being open at the resting membrane potential. C. they open only when the membrane potential is dep ...
... 1. An important feature of the leakage K+ channels that generate the resting membrane potential in neurons is that A. they take approximately 200 msec to gate open. * B. they have a high probability of being open at the resting membrane potential. C. they open only when the membrane potential is dep ...
Layer Specification of Transplanted Interneurons in Developing
... with at least nine morphological subtypes and even more if neuropeptides are considered (Jones and Hendry, 1986). There is no evidence that commitment of a particular interneuron subclass is linked to its birthday in the GE, and the correlation between laminar position and interneuron subphenotypes ...
... with at least nine morphological subtypes and even more if neuropeptides are considered (Jones and Hendry, 1986). There is no evidence that commitment of a particular interneuron subclass is linked to its birthday in the GE, and the correlation between laminar position and interneuron subphenotypes ...
Local Connections to Specific Types of Layer 6
... we measured the length of basal and apical dendrites as well as the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without ...
... we measured the length of basal and apical dendrites as well as the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... understanding the patterns of neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex. Studies based largely on realtime imaging of migrating neurons in situ in both rodent and primate cortex have contributed significantly to a more complete description of the routes that neurons take to reach their pr ...
... understanding the patterns of neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex. Studies based largely on realtime imaging of migrating neurons in situ in both rodent and primate cortex have contributed significantly to a more complete description of the routes that neurons take to reach their pr ...
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal
... demonstrate that the intracortical buckling drives folding and not axonal tension from the underlying white matter, though the effect of growth of cells outside the cortex, i.e. new white matter, cannot be ruled out [5]. In addition, a quantitative model of buckling of an elastic plate (the top laye ...
... demonstrate that the intracortical buckling drives folding and not axonal tension from the underlying white matter, though the effect of growth of cells outside the cortex, i.e. new white matter, cannot be ruled out [5]. In addition, a quantitative model of buckling of an elastic plate (the top laye ...
B - CommuniGate Pro uni
... vulnerable to anesthetics ~3s and have not been reported in commonly used in vitro approaches, such as the acute brain slice preparation. Secondly, at least two classes of interneurons profoundly influence striatal network dynamics. The GABAergic interneuron H2 takes part in prominent local inhibito ...
... vulnerable to anesthetics ~3s and have not been reported in commonly used in vitro approaches, such as the acute brain slice preparation. Secondly, at least two classes of interneurons profoundly influence striatal network dynamics. The GABAergic interneuron H2 takes part in prominent local inhibito ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes postnatal maturation of GABAergic inhibition in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, and its expression and release are enhanced by neuronal activity, suggesting that it acts in a feedback manner to maintain a balance between excitation and inhibiti ...
... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes postnatal maturation of GABAergic inhibition in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, and its expression and release are enhanced by neuronal activity, suggesting that it acts in a feedback manner to maintain a balance between excitation and inhibiti ...
Mechanism for propagation of rate signals through a 10
... to the input layer, the rate coding can be realized by the “synfire chain”. This seems to be in conflict with the notion that the “synfire chain” can destroy the rate coding.[11] But this is not the case here. In fact, the manner in which input signals are transmitted through a feedforward network depe ...
... to the input layer, the rate coding can be realized by the “synfire chain”. This seems to be in conflict with the notion that the “synfire chain” can destroy the rate coding.[11] But this is not the case here. In fact, the manner in which input signals are transmitted through a feedforward network depe ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... in glomeruli and transmit signals to the mushroom body and lateral horn. Cerebellar granule neurons. The most numerous neurons of the brain, these offer an ideal system for biochemical, morphological and physiological studies. Granule neurons undergo typified stages of development, which can be stud ...
... in glomeruli and transmit signals to the mushroom body and lateral horn. Cerebellar granule neurons. The most numerous neurons of the brain, these offer an ideal system for biochemical, morphological and physiological studies. Granule neurons undergo typified stages of development, which can be stud ...