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Plants used by the Tsonga people of Gazankulu
Plants used by the Tsonga people of Gazankulu

... tion. The first o f the three approaches is only really effective if one points out a plant and asks about its uses. This approach is necessary if one wants to get both sides o f the story (the plant side and the product side) in order to cross-check on information received. The second approach is u ...
International Journal of Applied Biological Research 2016 Val
International Journal of Applied Biological Research 2016 Val

... from National Cereal Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Nigeria was considered for this study. Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) were obtained from a farm at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, Anyigba. These plants were identified at the Biologica ...
Why and How Do Plant Cells Sense Sugars?
Why and How Do Plant Cells Sense Sugars?

... ask which of these sugars is sensed. Does sensing of sugars depend upon their metabolism? It is not easy to answer these questions, since sugars fed to a plant to test their e€ects on gene expression are rapidly interconverted: sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose, while hexose-feeding l ...
Propagating Plants from Seed
Propagating Plants from Seed

... ‡‡T = Number of days from setting out transplants; all others are from seeding. Source: All about vegetables. Chevron Chemical Co. Garden Series by permission. Information on light from Dr. Henry M. Cathey. ...
fuchsia judging school manual
fuchsia judging school manual

... "best" may be limited to certain classes.  Beginners Class, or Novice: Often the instruction is given to "be generous with ribbons, as we want to encourage these newer growers." However, if one of these plants becomes a contender for Best Overall, it has met the great equalizer. All plants are judg ...
How to Breed Sweet Corn for Organic Agriculture
How to Breed Sweet Corn for Organic Agriculture

... following the basic principles outlined in Introduction to On-farm Organic Plant Breeding, including growing in a uniform field and using a grid system to select evenly. One of the biggest challenges in breeding sweet corn, along with many other fruiting cross-pollinated crops, is that the ears can ...
full text pdf
full text pdf

... JOLANTA KOLCZYK, MONIKA TULEJA* ...
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 Is a Negative Regulator of Fruit
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 Is a Negative Regulator of Fruit

... detected using the CAPS marker following RT-PCR assays (data not shown). All homozygous transgenic lines produced shorter siliques following floral emasculation when compared with the arf8-4 mutant (Figure 1, Table 1). However, these shorter fruit were genuine siliques because they dehisced (Table 1 ...
Milkweed and Monarchs - Livermore Valley Camera Club
Milkweed and Monarchs - Livermore Valley Camera Club

... Milkweed and Monarchs (Continued) expert Karen Oberhauser from the University of Minnesota stated that, “Potential negative effects (of planting tropical milkweed) include 1) continuous breeding on the same plants, which can lead to a build-up of Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (a parasite carried by m ...
LAB 10- PLANTS FOR INTERIORS Scientific Name Family Common
LAB 10- PLANTS FOR INTERIORS Scientific Name Family Common

... Tip and nodal cuttings; tissue culture Notes Used for terrarium, atrium, hanging baskets; easy to grow. 7. PEACE LILY or WHITE FLAG Spathyphyllum clevelandii FAMILY - Araceae Temp. Medium to high Light ...
And the answer is… - Moore Public Schools
And the answer is… - Moore Public Schools

... However, they are the same type of questions and they cover the same type of material you will need to know in order to do well on the test. ...
Advances in Natural and Applied Science
Advances in Natural and Applied Science

... Ayurveda is possibly the most ancient system of medicine in India with a well-defined formulary and a philosophy which gives an explanation for the occurrence of various diseases. It is considered to have arisen more than 5,000 years ago. Mention of plants for medicinal uses can be found in Rig Veda ...
A Critical Review on Gokshura - Anveshana Ayurveda Medical Journal
A Critical Review on Gokshura - Anveshana Ayurveda Medical Journal

... In his long struggle to achieve mastery over powerful forces of nature, man has always turned to plants for help, during normal life and especially when he was struck with physical and mental ailments. In both ancient and recent cultures, plants have been used as sources of medicines. The use of med ...
Alpine Shire Weeds booklet
Alpine Shire Weeds booklet

... Useful weed contacts and information sources for weeds of the Alpine Shire The Alpine Shire website includes weed information, www.alpineshire.vic.gov.au and click on ‘environment’. The Shire’s Environment Officer is a good first point of contact for weed information, phone 5755 0555. Each Shire of ...
k. i 3
k. i 3

... The taxonomical identification of this plant is described in the Certificate of Analysis attached( 1) Parts Used: stem and leaves Previous use by humans: Ethnobotanical record is made of the internal use of this herb by South American populations (3,4,5). Drinking the liquid after boiling the leaves ...
Giant Hogweed
Giant Hogweed

... duty garbage bags. Do not mow, cut or weed-whack to try to control the plant mechanically. Its large perennial root system will soon send up new growth. Also, these tactics are risky because they increase the opportunities for you to come in contact with the plant’s sap. Small seedlings can be contr ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions

... that alfalfa plants and seeds be colonized with safe bacteria to out-compete human pathogens. For example, Enterobacter absuriae was found to eliminate Salmonella enterica and the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli from Arabidopsis thaliana seeds (Cooley et al. 2003). It is worrisome that there may ...
e,x SOYBEAN DISEASES - US Department of Agriculture
e,x SOYBEAN DISEASES - US Department of Agriculture

... run together; the resulting large dead areas may fall out. Diseased leaves may be severely torn by high winds during rainstorms. Heavy infection may cause dropping of lower leaves. Bacterial blight is likely to be most severe during periods of cool weather and frequent rain or dew. It is usually obs ...
Chapter 5 Gases
Chapter 5 Gases

... – Cordycepin: increases testosterone or anticancer drug © Cengage Learning 2015 ...
Proposed syllabus and Structure B. Sc. with Botany
Proposed syllabus and Structure B. Sc. with Botany

... 4. (a) Study of morphological adaptations of hydrophytes and xerophytes (four each). (b)Study of biotic interactions of the following: Stem parasite (Cuscuta), Root parasite (Orobanche), Epiphytes, Predation (Insectivorous plants) 5. Determination of minimal quadrat size for the study of herbaceous ...
Gloriosa superba L.
Gloriosa superba L.

... Gloriosa superba has a wide natural distribution, and many selections are cultivated. Local depletion of the resource does occur, in India particularly, where the species has become endangered due to overcollection of the tubers. Although in its natural habitat, seed set and germination is poor. Glo ...
herb leaflet - Eastcote House Gardens
herb leaflet - Eastcote House Gardens

... small and precise quantities. Plants which are listed as dangerous by the Royal Horticultural Society have been marked in this leaflet as PP or SI. PP - Parts of these plants are poisonous if eaten SI - Skin irritant if touched - often worse in strong sunlight ...
Evolution of Aquatic Angiosperm Reproductive SystemsWhat is the
Evolution of Aquatic Angiosperm Reproductive SystemsWhat is the

... had reached maximum biomass levels (carrying capaciry]. Biomass had more than doubledduring the first four-month growing season (from Les et al. 1988). etativeiy produced progeny) are not always identical genetically to the parene (see below). In any case, they represent a legitimate example of repr ...
BIO 101 INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY I THE CELL A cell may be
BIO 101 INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY I THE CELL A cell may be

... Genus: collection of species which bear a close resemblance to one another as far as the morphological characteristics of the flora in reproductive plants are concerned. Nomenclature The name of a plant has two parts. The first refers to the genus and the second to the species. This method of giving ...
Abstract Book New model systems for early land plant evolution
Abstract Book New model systems for early land plant evolution

... One of the big questions in early land plant evolution is why did it happen only once? The ancestor to all land plants was a streptophyte alga and its successful transition to, and subsequent colonisation of, land is considered to have been favoured by two properties: that it was fresh-water dwel ...
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History of botany



The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.Rudimentary botanical science began with empirically-based plant lore passed from generation to generation in the oral traditions of paleolithic hunter-gatherers. The first written records of plants were made in the Neolithic Revolution about 10,000 years ago as writing was developed in the settled agricultural communities where plants and animals were first domesticated. The first writings that show human curiosity about plants themselves, rather than the uses that could be made of them, appears in the teachings of Aristotle's student Theophrastus at the Lyceum in ancient Athens in about 350 BC; this is considered the starting point for modern botany. In Europe, this early botanical science was soon overshadowed by a medieval preoccupation with the medicinal properties of plants that lasted more than 1000 years. During this time, the medicinal works of classical antiquity were reproduced in manuscripts and books called herbals. In China and the Arab world, the Greco-Roman work on medicinal plants was preserved and extended.In Europe the Renaissance of the 14th–17th centuries heralded a scientific revival during which botany gradually emerged from natural history as an independent science, distinct from medicine and agriculture. Herbals were replaced by floras: books that described the native plants of local regions. The invention of the microscope stimulated the study of plant anatomy, and the first carefully designed experiments in plant physiology were performed. With the expansion of trade and exploration beyond Europe, the many new plants being discovered were subjected to an increasingly rigorous process of naming, description, and classification.Progressively more sophisticated scientific technology has aided the development of contemporary botanical offshoots in the plant sciences, ranging from the applied fields of economic botany (notably agriculture, horticulture and forestry), to the detailed examination of the structure and function of plants and their interaction with the environment over many scales from the large-scale global significance of vegetation and plant communities (biogeography and ecology) through to the small scale of subjects like cell theory, molecular biology and plant biochemistry.
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