Comp 3 Packet
... The water level of Lake Michigan was once 18 meters higher than it is today. As the water level fell, land was exposed. Many small lakes or ponds were left behind where there were depressions in the land. Below are illustrations and descriptions of four ponds as they exist today. Use the illustratio ...
... The water level of Lake Michigan was once 18 meters higher than it is today. As the water level fell, land was exposed. Many small lakes or ponds were left behind where there were depressions in the land. Below are illustrations and descriptions of four ponds as they exist today. Use the illustratio ...
pdf file - NWACC.edu
... mountain lion attacks may come about by the victim kneeling down (“a person squatting or bending over looks a lot like a four legged prey animal”) or dropping eye contact from an encountered cat (113). It has been suggested you can ward off puma attacks by maintaining eye contact, standing tall, and ...
... mountain lion attacks may come about by the victim kneeling down (“a person squatting or bending over looks a lot like a four legged prey animal”) or dropping eye contact from an encountered cat (113). It has been suggested you can ward off puma attacks by maintaining eye contact, standing tall, and ...
doc file
... mountain lion attacks may come about by the victim kneeling down (“a person squatting or bending over looks a lot like a four legged prey animal”) or dropping eye contact from an encountered cat (113). It has been suggested you can ward off puma attacks by maintaining eye contact, standing tall, and ...
... mountain lion attacks may come about by the victim kneeling down (“a person squatting or bending over looks a lot like a four legged prey animal”) or dropping eye contact from an encountered cat (113). It has been suggested you can ward off puma attacks by maintaining eye contact, standing tall, and ...
Rainforest Complexity
... These frogs are brightly colored and protected from predators by poisonous skin, but their tadpoles are defenseless prey for other creatures like the Tarantula. But tarantula spiders better watch out! The ...
... These frogs are brightly colored and protected from predators by poisonous skin, but their tadpoles are defenseless prey for other creatures like the Tarantula. But tarantula spiders better watch out! The ...
Roles in Energy Transfer
... How do food webs show energy connections? • In nature, energy and nutrient connections are more complicated than what is shown in a simple food chain. • A food web is the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem. Food webs are made up of many food chains. • Many different energy paths l ...
... How do food webs show energy connections? • In nature, energy and nutrient connections are more complicated than what is shown in a simple food chain. • A food web is the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem. Food webs are made up of many food chains. • Many different energy paths l ...
Chapter 16 Reading Guide 1
... 11. Succession where plants have never grown before is called __primary succession____. 12. Succession where there has been previous growth is called __secondary succession__. 13. Why is a glacier a good example of primary succession? Because as the ice melts the rock becomes exposed for the first t ...
... 11. Succession where plants have never grown before is called __primary succession____. 12. Succession where there has been previous growth is called __secondary succession__. 13. Why is a glacier a good example of primary succession? Because as the ice melts the rock becomes exposed for the first t ...
Lesson 8 Ecosystems
... within each trophic level. The trophic levels are stacked one on top of another, with the producers on the bottom. Each level in an energy pyramid has less energy available to it than the level below. Most of the stored energy in an ecosystem is in plants and other producers. This is because most of ...
... within each trophic level. The trophic levels are stacked one on top of another, with the producers on the bottom. Each level in an energy pyramid has less energy available to it than the level below. Most of the stored energy in an ecosystem is in plants and other producers. This is because most of ...
Pyramid of biomass
... •Representation of biomass present per unit area at different tropic levels, with producers at the base and carnivores at the top. •Biomass is calculated as mass of each individual times no. of individuals at tropic levels ...
... •Representation of biomass present per unit area at different tropic levels, with producers at the base and carnivores at the top. •Biomass is calculated as mass of each individual times no. of individuals at tropic levels ...
ECOLOGY Introduction powerpoint 2016
... -- feeds upon other consumers (frogs, sparrows, snakes, and foxes above) (The hawk is a secondary or 3rd level consumer depending on the availability of food.) Omnivores may be primary or secondary consumers. ...
... -- feeds upon other consumers (frogs, sparrows, snakes, and foxes above) (The hawk is a secondary or 3rd level consumer depending on the availability of food.) Omnivores may be primary or secondary consumers. ...
Nutrient and Energy Transfer (Lecture 6)
... Tropic level refers to how organisms fit in based on their main source of nutrition – Primary producers autotrophs (plants, algae, many bacteria, phytoplankton) – Primary consumers heterotrophs that feed on autotrophs (herbivores,zooplankton) – Secondary, tertiary, quaternary consumers heterot ...
... Tropic level refers to how organisms fit in based on their main source of nutrition – Primary producers autotrophs (plants, algae, many bacteria, phytoplankton) – Primary consumers heterotrophs that feed on autotrophs (herbivores,zooplankton) – Secondary, tertiary, quaternary consumers heterot ...
Document
... 3-3 What Are the Major Components of an Ecosystem? Concept 3-3A Ecosystems contain living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components. Concept 3-3B Some organisms produce the nutrients they need, others get their nutrients by consuming other organisms, and some recycle nutrients back to produce ...
... 3-3 What Are the Major Components of an Ecosystem? Concept 3-3A Ecosystems contain living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components. Concept 3-3B Some organisms produce the nutrients they need, others get their nutrients by consuming other organisms, and some recycle nutrients back to produce ...
Document
... – Population – members of a single species that live in a given area – Community – assemblage of interacting species in a given area – Biome – a region with a characteristic plant ...
... – Population – members of a single species that live in a given area – Community – assemblage of interacting species in a given area – Biome – a region with a characteristic plant ...
Bio 11A
... 1. Define ecosystem and give one example. 2. How do energy and nutrients move in an ecosystem? 3. What is trophic level? Define each of the following: producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, and detritivore. 4. How is a food chain different from a food web? 5. What is an energy pyramid? ...
... 1. Define ecosystem and give one example. 2. How do energy and nutrients move in an ecosystem? 3. What is trophic level? Define each of the following: producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, and detritivore. 4. How is a food chain different from a food web? 5. What is an energy pyramid? ...
Chapter 3 - ltcconline.net
... Energy must be supplied (from the sun) to keep biological processes running, because as it flows through the various biological processes, it ...
... Energy must be supplied (from the sun) to keep biological processes running, because as it flows through the various biological processes, it ...
outcome 3 notes ke
... determine if those animals or plants could help solve the ecosystem problem described. If so, the student explains how to the group. If the group agrees, a critter token of that plant for animal is placed on the ecosystem map. Remember more than one plant or animal may be used to solve the problems. ...
... determine if those animals or plants could help solve the ecosystem problem described. If so, the student explains how to the group. If the group agrees, a critter token of that plant for animal is placed on the ecosystem map. Remember more than one plant or animal may be used to solve the problems. ...
Ecology Vocabulary
... The rise in extinctions caused by Man is due in part to the needs of the expanding human population, habitat destruction, and land exploitation, (as well as introduced non-native species and native species exploitation). Endangered Species = A species is considered endangered if its numbers become ...
... The rise in extinctions caused by Man is due in part to the needs of the expanding human population, habitat destruction, and land exploitation, (as well as introduced non-native species and native species exploitation). Endangered Species = A species is considered endangered if its numbers become ...
2011 ECOLOGY (B&C) KAREN LANCOUR National Bio Rules Committee Chairman
... • Energy Flow – Energy Flow Pyramids – Bio-mass Pyramids ...
... • Energy Flow – Energy Flow Pyramids – Bio-mass Pyramids ...
File
... • Pathogens are disease-causing microscopic parasites that include bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists. ...
... • Pathogens are disease-causing microscopic parasites that include bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists. ...
a Table of Contents - Marcia`s Science Teaching Ideas
... OBJECTIVE SEVEN: As energy flows through the ecosystem, all organisms must transform the portion of energy available to them into usable forms. PLUS: All organisms, including humans, are part of and depend on one global food web that begins with organisms at the bottom of the energy pyramid. (22 pag ...
... OBJECTIVE SEVEN: As energy flows through the ecosystem, all organisms must transform the portion of energy available to them into usable forms. PLUS: All organisms, including humans, are part of and depend on one global food web that begins with organisms at the bottom of the energy pyramid. (22 pag ...
Two degrees of separation in complex food webs
... Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats. Empirical evidence suggests that such strong effects rarely propagate through food webs more than three links away from the ini ...
... Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats. Empirical evidence suggests that such strong effects rarely propagate through food webs more than three links away from the ini ...
Food Web Network Structure
... Cattin, M.-F., L.-F. Bersier, C. Banašek-Richter, M. Baltensperger, & J.-P. Gabriel (2004) Phylogenetic constraints and adaptation explain food-web structure. Nature 427: 835-839. Cohen, J.E., & C.M. Newman (1985) A stochastic theory of community food webs: I. Models and aggregated data. Proceedings ...
... Cattin, M.-F., L.-F. Bersier, C. Banašek-Richter, M. Baltensperger, & J.-P. Gabriel (2004) Phylogenetic constraints and adaptation explain food-web structure. Nature 427: 835-839. Cohen, J.E., & C.M. Newman (1985) A stochastic theory of community food webs: I. Models and aggregated data. Proceedings ...
Available - Ggu.ac.in
... zooplanktons are the main grazers in a pond or lake. Up to 50% of the net primary production is grazed on by these animals in their respective ecosystems and the remaining 50% goes to the decomposer organisms as dead organic matter. Therefore, in these ecosystems, the food chain is herbivore based a ...
... zooplanktons are the main grazers in a pond or lake. Up to 50% of the net primary production is grazed on by these animals in their respective ecosystems and the remaining 50% goes to the decomposer organisms as dead organic matter. Therefore, in these ecosystems, the food chain is herbivore based a ...
APS103Sept13
... -niche is something equivalent to a human occupation These are equivalent of the natural niches/cultural niches The breeding strategy of any species is not the determining factor as to how many cultural niches there are. In our society, by and large, the cultural niches are the occupations necessary ...
... -niche is something equivalent to a human occupation These are equivalent of the natural niches/cultural niches The breeding strategy of any species is not the determining factor as to how many cultural niches there are. In our society, by and large, the cultural niches are the occupations necessary ...
FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS
... different species for limited resources, such as food, light, or territory (p. 18) consumers organisms in a food chain that eat other organisms, especially live ones (p. 5) decomposers organisms in a food chain that break down organic matter (p. 12) ecosystem a biological community of organism ...
... different species for limited resources, such as food, light, or territory (p. 18) consumers organisms in a food chain that eat other organisms, especially live ones (p. 5) decomposers organisms in a food chain that break down organic matter (p. 12) ecosystem a biological community of organism ...
structure and function - Four Winds Nature Institute
... PREDATORS AND PREY: Herbivores and carnivores both must eat, but the challenges these two groups of animals face in getting enough to eat are very different. Plant eaters don't have to stalk their food, but they do need to keep from being eaten while they browse. And carnivores spend lots of time an ...
... PREDATORS AND PREY: Herbivores and carnivores both must eat, but the challenges these two groups of animals face in getting enough to eat are very different. Plant eaters don't have to stalk their food, but they do need to keep from being eaten while they browse. And carnivores spend lots of time an ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.