Chapter 3 Lecture #2 How Ecosystems Work
... • Due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, energy is lost at each level of the pyramid. • 10% Rule (Energy / Biomass) - as an organism is consumed, about 90% of the energy at each trophic level is lost or used up along the way (as heat in metabolic processes). • Only about 10% of the energy becomes ...
... • Due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, energy is lost at each level of the pyramid. • 10% Rule (Energy / Biomass) - as an organism is consumed, about 90% of the energy at each trophic level is lost or used up along the way (as heat in metabolic processes). • Only about 10% of the energy becomes ...
Ecology - My CCSD
... How organisms get energy Autotrophs make their own nutrients Plants use the sun’s energy to produce nutrients Heterotrophs feed on other organisms Herbivores eat plants Carnivores eat other animals Scavangers eat dead animals Decomposers break down dead and decaying plants and animals ...
... How organisms get energy Autotrophs make their own nutrients Plants use the sun’s energy to produce nutrients Heterotrophs feed on other organisms Herbivores eat plants Carnivores eat other animals Scavangers eat dead animals Decomposers break down dead and decaying plants and animals ...
Notes - Biology Junction
... Organisms ____ _____ use it in that form. _____________ and ___________ convert nitrogen into ___________ forms. Only in certain ____________ and industrial ______________ can _____ nitrogen. Nitrogen______________ - __________atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ____________(NH4+) which can be _______ to ...
... Organisms ____ _____ use it in that form. _____________ and ___________ convert nitrogen into ___________ forms. Only in certain ____________ and industrial ______________ can _____ nitrogen. Nitrogen______________ - __________atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ____________(NH4+) which can be _______ to ...
Unit 5 Ecology II Study Guide
... Organisms ____ _____ use it in that form. _____________ and ___________ convert nitrogen into ___________ forms. Only in certain ____________ and industrial ______________ can _____ nitrogen. Nitrogen______________ - __________atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ____________(NH4+) which can be _______ to ...
... Organisms ____ _____ use it in that form. _____________ and ___________ convert nitrogen into ___________ forms. Only in certain ____________ and industrial ______________ can _____ nitrogen. Nitrogen______________ - __________atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ____________(NH4+) which can be _______ to ...
Ecosystem Interaction Practice
... c) The field mice in this food web are classified as ______________ consumers and occupy the ________ trophic level. d) The highest trophic level a bass could occupy is the ________ trophic level ...
... c) The field mice in this food web are classified as ______________ consumers and occupy the ________ trophic level. d) The highest trophic level a bass could occupy is the ________ trophic level ...
Ecology
... • Herbivores obtain energy by eating plants. • Carnivores eat animals. • Omnivores eat both plants and animals. • Detritivores feed on the remains of plants, animals and other dead matter. • Decomposers breaks down organic matter. ...
... • Herbivores obtain energy by eating plants. • Carnivores eat animals. • Omnivores eat both plants and animals. • Detritivores feed on the remains of plants, animals and other dead matter. • Decomposers breaks down organic matter. ...
Bio07_TR__U02_CH3.QXD
... • Where does the energy for life processes come from? • How does energy flow through living systems? • How efficient is the transfer of energy among organisms in an ecosystem? Producers (pages 67-68) ...
... • Where does the energy for life processes come from? • How does energy flow through living systems? • How efficient is the transfer of energy among organisms in an ecosystem? Producers (pages 67-68) ...
Food Webs and energy transfer through an ecosystem
... Food Chains The energy flow from one trophic level to the other is know as a food chain A food chain is simple and direct ...
... Food Chains The energy flow from one trophic level to the other is know as a food chain A food chain is simple and direct ...
Food webs - The Science Bus Wiki
... What would happen to the abundance (number of individuals) of one of these herbivore species if the other one goes extinct? Would you expect there to be a greater biomass of predators or prey species in an ecosystem? Explain. (define biomass-- literally the mass of organisms in that category). Do hu ...
... What would happen to the abundance (number of individuals) of one of these herbivore species if the other one goes extinct? Would you expect there to be a greater biomass of predators or prey species in an ecosystem? Explain. (define biomass-- literally the mass of organisms in that category). Do hu ...
4th Grading Cycle 7th Grade Science (Study Guide) 7.5 C
... Energy Pyramid - a diagram that shows the decreasing amount of available energy as it flows from one trophic level to the next moving Producers are at the bottom of the Energy Pyramid the four levels of the Energy Pyramid are: Producers (bottom), Primary Consumers, Secondary Consumers, and Tertiary ...
... Energy Pyramid - a diagram that shows the decreasing amount of available energy as it flows from one trophic level to the next moving Producers are at the bottom of the Energy Pyramid the four levels of the Energy Pyramid are: Producers (bottom), Primary Consumers, Secondary Consumers, and Tertiary ...
Biology Hawk Time STAAR Review #6
... space other species nutrients population size water food sunlight microbes temp ...
... space other species nutrients population size water food sunlight microbes temp ...
Ecology Unit
... interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer ...
... interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer ...
MARINE ECOLOGY
... Producers ---> Herbivores --->Carnivores --->Top Carnivore Phytoplankton --> Zooplankton --> Shrimp --> Fish ...
... Producers ---> Herbivores --->Carnivores --->Top Carnivore Phytoplankton --> Zooplankton --> Shrimp --> Fish ...
Ecology
... • Heterotrophs have to consume other organisms to obtain energy – Also called consumers – examples: humans, cows, deer, tigers ...
... • Heterotrophs have to consume other organisms to obtain energy – Also called consumers – examples: humans, cows, deer, tigers ...
Ecology intro and Energy flow
... Ex: Sun → algae → mosquito larvae→ dragonfly larvae→ frog In ecosystems, feeding relationships are more complex than what can be shown in a food chain. When the feeding relationships among various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of interactions, this is called a food web. Each step in ...
... Ex: Sun → algae → mosquito larvae→ dragonfly larvae→ frog In ecosystems, feeding relationships are more complex than what can be shown in a food chain. When the feeding relationships among various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of interactions, this is called a food web. Each step in ...
Interactions in Ecosystems
... • The first trophic level contains producers • The second contains herbivores or primary consumers • The third contains carnivores or secondary consumers • The fourth contains carnivores and are called tertiary consumers ...
... • The first trophic level contains producers • The second contains herbivores or primary consumers • The third contains carnivores or secondary consumers • The fourth contains carnivores and are called tertiary consumers ...
Interactions in the Ecosystem
... - Recycle dead organic matter into inorganic nutrients - Use by soil. -Bacteria and Fungi and worms ...
... - Recycle dead organic matter into inorganic nutrients - Use by soil. -Bacteria and Fungi and worms ...
File - Paxson Science
... 7. Compare and contrast primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Provide at least three examples each of organisms that can feed at the designated trophic level. 8. Do organisms always fall into a given trophic level? Explain, using examples. 9. Compare and contrast herbivores and carnivores in t ...
... 7. Compare and contrast primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Provide at least three examples each of organisms that can feed at the designated trophic level. 8. Do organisms always fall into a given trophic level? Explain, using examples. 9. Compare and contrast herbivores and carnivores in t ...
Chapter 3 - Kenton County Schools
... ____________ are the main autotrophs on land ____________ are the main autotrophs in water Some autotrophs can produce food in the absence of light Chemoautotrophs – Live in… ...
... ____________ are the main autotrophs on land ____________ are the main autotrophs in water Some autotrophs can produce food in the absence of light Chemoautotrophs – Live in… ...
2.2.21 Structure of an Ecosystem ppt
... First trophic level = producer Second trophic level = consumer, herbivore Third trophic level = consumer, carnivore Highest trophic level = top carnivore Arrows indicate direction of energy flow!!! Decomposers are not included in food chains and webs ...
... First trophic level = producer Second trophic level = consumer, herbivore Third trophic level = consumer, carnivore Highest trophic level = top carnivore Arrows indicate direction of energy flow!!! Decomposers are not included in food chains and webs ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.