A neural support vector machine
... rather than biological analogies. Solution algorithms suggest implementation in a digital computer. There is, however, one aspect of SVMs that stands out as similar to biological systems. An SVM ignores typical examples but pays attention to borderline cases and outliers. It remembers surprises and ...
... rather than biological analogies. Solution algorithms suggest implementation in a digital computer. There is, however, one aspect of SVMs that stands out as similar to biological systems. An SVM ignores typical examples but pays attention to borderline cases and outliers. It remembers surprises and ...
A Glossary
... memory: The encoding and storage of information, in a way that allows it to be retrieved later. In the brain, memory involves integrated systems of neurons in diverse brain areas, each of which handles individual memory-related tasks. Memory can be categorized into two distinct types, each with its ...
... memory: The encoding and storage of information, in a way that allows it to be retrieved later. In the brain, memory involves integrated systems of neurons in diverse brain areas, each of which handles individual memory-related tasks. Memory can be categorized into two distinct types, each with its ...
Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining
... than for the remote past and future time periods. There were also effects of content [F(3,11) = 11.0, P < 0.01] and a content × time period interaction [F(6,11) = 9.6, P = 0.01]. GP’s narratives included few SDs in all three time periods [ts (7) > 3.2, P < 0.02] relative to controls. As expected, be ...
... than for the remote past and future time periods. There were also effects of content [F(3,11) = 11.0, P < 0.01] and a content × time period interaction [F(6,11) = 9.6, P = 0.01]. GP’s narratives included few SDs in all three time periods [ts (7) > 3.2, P < 0.02] relative to controls. As expected, be ...
Phantom Limbs and Neural Plasticity
... Visual Feedback for Other Neurological Syndromes? Other syndromes such as focal dystonia, dyspraxia, and hemiparesis (following strokes) usually result from destruction of neural tissue but is it conceivable that there is a “learned paralysis” component to some of these disorders14? If so, can this ...
... Visual Feedback for Other Neurological Syndromes? Other syndromes such as focal dystonia, dyspraxia, and hemiparesis (following strokes) usually result from destruction of neural tissue but is it conceivable that there is a “learned paralysis” component to some of these disorders14? If so, can this ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... behaviourally relevant stimuli, i.e. stimuli that are similar to those experienced by a n animal in a normal behavioural situation. The relationship between stochastic and stimulus-induced response components may greatly depend upon the temporal resolution with which the neuronal responses are taken ...
... behaviourally relevant stimuli, i.e. stimuli that are similar to those experienced by a n animal in a normal behavioural situation. The relationship between stochastic and stimulus-induced response components may greatly depend upon the temporal resolution with which the neuronal responses are taken ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... Two of the most salient physiological responses to stress are increased norepinephrine ŽNE. and cortisol ŽCORT. activities. However, it is unclear how these neurochemical events affect cognition, especially attention. We examined the effects of mild psychological stress on selective attention, as as ...
... Two of the most salient physiological responses to stress are increased norepinephrine ŽNE. and cortisol ŽCORT. activities. However, it is unclear how these neurochemical events affect cognition, especially attention. We examined the effects of mild psychological stress on selective attention, as as ...
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating
... error occurred when a subject returned to a circle in which they had previously found a blue token, and a within-search error occurred when a subject returned to a circle within the same search. The performance measure of errors described in Results refers to between-search errors. Subjects performe ...
... error occurred when a subject returned to a circle in which they had previously found a blue token, and a within-search error occurred when a subject returned to a circle within the same search. The performance measure of errors described in Results refers to between-search errors. Subjects performe ...
Spikes not slots: noise in neural populations limits
... Figure 2. Evidence for normalisation in working memory (WM)-related neural activity. (A) Firing rate of an example prefrontal neuron with persistent WM activity. Firing rate declines with increasing memory load, whether the stimulus in the receptive field corresponds to a preferred (unbroken lines) ...
... Figure 2. Evidence for normalisation in working memory (WM)-related neural activity. (A) Firing rate of an example prefrontal neuron with persistent WM activity. Firing rate declines with increasing memory load, whether the stimulus in the receptive field corresponds to a preferred (unbroken lines) ...
Insular cortex – review
... and integrating information into one collective and undivided experience. Insula and food related processes Primary gustatory cortex consists of two substructures: the anterior insula on the insular lobe and the frontal operculum on the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe. That is a place whe ...
... and integrating information into one collective and undivided experience. Insula and food related processes Primary gustatory cortex consists of two substructures: the anterior insula on the insular lobe and the frontal operculum on the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe. That is a place whe ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... Alternative models. Other intermediate accounts illustrate the range of possible relationships between V1 activity and awareness. For example, a distributed model of awareness might predict similar effects of V1 disruption as the interactive model without assuming an essential ...
... Alternative models. Other intermediate accounts illustrate the range of possible relationships between V1 activity and awareness. For example, a distributed model of awareness might predict similar effects of V1 disruption as the interactive model without assuming an essential ...
Understanding mirror neurons: a bio-robotic
... 3 A model of area F5 and the mirror system Our model of area F5 revolves around two concepts that are likely related to the evolution and development of this unique area of the brain. Firstly, we posit that the mirror neuron system did not appear brand new in the brain but evolved from a preexistin ...
... 3 A model of area F5 and the mirror system Our model of area F5 revolves around two concepts that are likely related to the evolution and development of this unique area of the brain. Firstly, we posit that the mirror neuron system did not appear brand new in the brain but evolved from a preexistin ...
Decoupling Neural Networks From Reality: Dissociative Experiences
... important mechanism to "escape" the situation. Torture also produces a distortion of memory processes that appears to be culturally universal. For the past 100 years, psychological dissociation has been discussed as a central mechanism involved in response to overwhelming situational experiences eli ...
... important mechanism to "escape" the situation. Torture also produces a distortion of memory processes that appears to be culturally universal. For the past 100 years, psychological dissociation has been discussed as a central mechanism involved in response to overwhelming situational experiences eli ...
The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing
... and global contours, and distinguishing foreground from background (see Chapter 27). The highest level involves object recognition (see Chapter 28). Once a scene has been parsed by the brain and objects recognized, the objects can be matched with memories of shapes and their associated meanings. Vis ...
... and global contours, and distinguishing foreground from background (see Chapter 27). The highest level involves object recognition (see Chapter 28). Once a scene has been parsed by the brain and objects recognized, the objects can be matched with memories of shapes and their associated meanings. Vis ...
Classification: Social Sciences, Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
... always administered on different days, and the baseline condition was administered either on the first or the second day, together with either rTMS condition, and always before it. If List 1 was presented in the baseline condition, List 2 was presented in the two rTMS-conditions (the opposite was t ...
... always administered on different days, and the baseline condition was administered either on the first or the second day, together with either rTMS condition, and always before it. If List 1 was presented in the baseline condition, List 2 was presented in the two rTMS-conditions (the opposite was t ...
Structural divisions and functional fields in the human cerebral cortex 1
... Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex should be made on multiple criteria based on quantitative measurements of microstructural variables, such as neuron densities, neurotransmitter receptor densities, enzyme densities, etc. Because of the inter-individual variations of extent an ...
... Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex should be made on multiple criteria based on quantitative measurements of microstructural variables, such as neuron densities, neurotransmitter receptor densities, enzyme densities, etc. Because of the inter-individual variations of extent an ...
The Special Senses Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi © 2016 Ebneshahidi
... • The ears outer, middle, and inner parts perform the functions of collecting, amplifying and transducing sound energy, respectively. • The outer ears pinna and ear canal funnel sound waves onto the eardrum, causing it to vibrate. • The ear – drum vibration is amplified 20 - fold through the lever ...
... • The ears outer, middle, and inner parts perform the functions of collecting, amplifying and transducing sound energy, respectively. • The outer ears pinna and ear canal funnel sound waves onto the eardrum, causing it to vibrate. • The ear – drum vibration is amplified 20 - fold through the lever ...
The Origin of Word-related Motor Activity
... ∼20 min beyond the stimulation (Rossi et al. 2009). Participants performed the synonym-judgment task during this period (offline protocol). Using the Brainsight system 2 (Rogue Research, Montreal, Canada), the individual lpMTG site was identified on the T1-weigthed structural MRI image of the particip ...
... ∼20 min beyond the stimulation (Rossi et al. 2009). Participants performed the synonym-judgment task during this period (offline protocol). Using the Brainsight system 2 (Rogue Research, Montreal, Canada), the individual lpMTG site was identified on the T1-weigthed structural MRI image of the particip ...
11. The front-end visual system - LGN and cortex
... One speculative option is that they may be modeled as processing some (polynomial?) function of the neighboring derivative cells, and thus be involved in complex differential features (see also [Alonso1998a]). As Ohzawa states: "Complex cell receptive fields are not that interesting when measured wi ...
... One speculative option is that they may be modeled as processing some (polynomial?) function of the neighboring derivative cells, and thus be involved in complex differential features (see also [Alonso1998a]). As Ohzawa states: "Complex cell receptive fields are not that interesting when measured wi ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.