Conceptual problems and scale limitations of defining ecological
... array of species does not mean that each location is homogeneous for individuals within the community. The small spatial scale also forces the definition to be limited to small temporal scales as well, failing to incorporate the temporal dynamics inherent within communities. Scale limitations impose ...
... array of species does not mean that each location is homogeneous for individuals within the community. The small spatial scale also forces the definition to be limited to small temporal scales as well, failing to incorporate the temporal dynamics inherent within communities. Scale limitations impose ...
The Importance of the Natural Sciences to Conservation
... dynamics based on frequent disturbance, effective dispersal, and both inhibitory and facultative succession. Strong and weak interactions are well studied at small scales (Paine 2002). However, there is a dearth of understanding of when and why these mechanisms work in some areas but not in others. ...
... dynamics based on frequent disturbance, effective dispersal, and both inhibitory and facultative succession. Strong and weak interactions are well studied at small scales (Paine 2002). However, there is a dearth of understanding of when and why these mechanisms work in some areas but not in others. ...
Community Structure, Population Control, and Competition
... escape control by the weather to which it was exposed, and at the same time by sheer chance to be able to escape this control from weather to which it had not been previously exposed. This assumption is especially difficult when mutual invasions by differentherbivores between two countries may in bo ...
... escape control by the weather to which it was exposed, and at the same time by sheer chance to be able to escape this control from weather to which it had not been previously exposed. This assumption is especially difficult when mutual invasions by differentherbivores between two countries may in bo ...
Tropical Bird Communities
... opportunities for specialization in resources that simply are not available in temperate zones, such as epiphyte probing and army ant-raid following, all of which add to tropical diversity. In fact, as will be outlined below, frugivory and nectar feeding, along with other unique characteristics made ...
... opportunities for specialization in resources that simply are not available in temperate zones, such as epiphyte probing and army ant-raid following, all of which add to tropical diversity. In fact, as will be outlined below, frugivory and nectar feeding, along with other unique characteristics made ...
Biodiversity Threats
... To manage Golden Gate Highlands National Park in a collaborative learning environment as part of an ecologically functional and sustainable patchwork of different land uses in the region that ensures the persistence of the natural and cultural heritage for the benefit and enjoyment of all. SANParks ...
... To manage Golden Gate Highlands National Park in a collaborative learning environment as part of an ecologically functional and sustainable patchwork of different land uses in the region that ensures the persistence of the natural and cultural heritage for the benefit and enjoyment of all. SANParks ...
Chapter 3 Handouts
... TOPIC #2: Your community is on the shore of a lake that is famous for its variety of fish. The community council, in order to promote tourism, proposes to increase the number of fish that can be removed from the lake. TOPIC #3: Because of forest resources that are readily available, a new company co ...
... TOPIC #2: Your community is on the shore of a lake that is famous for its variety of fish. The community council, in order to promote tourism, proposes to increase the number of fish that can be removed from the lake. TOPIC #3: Because of forest resources that are readily available, a new company co ...
Community Ecology
... Types of Interactions - Competition Competitive Exclusion Principle: no two species can occupy the same niche Niche: organism’s role in an ecosystem Includes habitat, food source, behavior (the sum of all biotic and abiotic interactions of an organism) ...
... Types of Interactions - Competition Competitive Exclusion Principle: no two species can occupy the same niche Niche: organism’s role in an ecosystem Includes habitat, food source, behavior (the sum of all biotic and abiotic interactions of an organism) ...
Community Ecology
... • Disturbance creates an ecological vacuum that can be filled from within, from outside, or both. For example, forest fires clear away old brush and open up the canopy, releasing nutrients into the soil at the same time. Seeds that survive the fire germinate and rapidly grow to take advantage of thi ...
... • Disturbance creates an ecological vacuum that can be filled from within, from outside, or both. For example, forest fires clear away old brush and open up the canopy, releasing nutrients into the soil at the same time. Seeds that survive the fire germinate and rapidly grow to take advantage of thi ...
Community Ecology
... • Disturbance creates an ecological vacuum that can be filled from within, from outside, or both. For example, forest fires clear away old brush and open up the canopy, releasing nutrients into the soil at the same time. Seeds that survive the fire germinate and rapidly grow to take advantage of thi ...
... • Disturbance creates an ecological vacuum that can be filled from within, from outside, or both. For example, forest fires clear away old brush and open up the canopy, releasing nutrients into the soil at the same time. Seeds that survive the fire germinate and rapidly grow to take advantage of thi ...
Abbey Bisesi `17 “Computational Analysis of Models of Gene
... populations, while upstream populations will more closely resemble non-invaded O. sanbornii populations. If this pattern holds true in the two sympatric rivers I focus on, the Huron River and the Kokosing River, this supports the hypothesis that landscape characteristics affect the interactions betw ...
... populations, while upstream populations will more closely resemble non-invaded O. sanbornii populations. If this pattern holds true in the two sympatric rivers I focus on, the Huron River and the Kokosing River, this supports the hypothesis that landscape characteristics affect the interactions betw ...
research report
... Ecosystem: a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment Extinction: the loss of all of the populations of a species, an irreversible situation Ecological/Ecosystem Collapse: when an ecosystem fails to provide its vital services and resources for the po ...
... Ecosystem: a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment Extinction: the loss of all of the populations of a species, an irreversible situation Ecological/Ecosystem Collapse: when an ecosystem fails to provide its vital services and resources for the po ...
Organismal Biology Study Guide for Test # 4 (4 MAY 2005 – Wed)
... Opposable thumb – in primates; but fully opposable only in anthropoid primates Prosimians – example – lemurs Anthropoidea (anthropoids) – includes moneys, apes, humans Brachiating – swinging through the trees by the arms Overlapping fields of vision (3-D) – advantage for brachiating Old World vs New ...
... Opposable thumb – in primates; but fully opposable only in anthropoid primates Prosimians – example – lemurs Anthropoidea (anthropoids) – includes moneys, apes, humans Brachiating – swinging through the trees by the arms Overlapping fields of vision (3-D) – advantage for brachiating Old World vs New ...
Unit 5
... capable of using under ideal circumstances. While, the resources a population actually uses are collectively called its realized niche. 5. Predators moderate competition among its prey species. 6. In parasitism, one organism, the parasite harms the host; in commensalism, one partner benefits without ...
... capable of using under ideal circumstances. While, the resources a population actually uses are collectively called its realized niche. 5. Predators moderate competition among its prey species. 6. In parasitism, one organism, the parasite harms the host; in commensalism, one partner benefits without ...
Chapter 19 Communities & Ecosystems (General Biology)
... – Is a passive defense that makes a potential prey difficult to spot against its background.. ...
... – Is a passive defense that makes a potential prey difficult to spot against its background.. ...
Practice Test `10
... D) Eukarya E) Flagellates _____ 2. In a cladistic scheme of classification, chimpanzees belong in family A) Ponginae B) Homininae C) Orangutaninae D) Gorillinae E) Chimpanzeeinae _____ 3. Organisms that lack nuclei and chromosomes and reproduce by binary fission are in Kingdom A) Prokaryotae B) Fung ...
... D) Eukarya E) Flagellates _____ 2. In a cladistic scheme of classification, chimpanzees belong in family A) Ponginae B) Homininae C) Orangutaninae D) Gorillinae E) Chimpanzeeinae _____ 3. Organisms that lack nuclei and chromosomes and reproduce by binary fission are in Kingdom A) Prokaryotae B) Fung ...
Human-modified ecosystems and future evolution
... aberrant? Would other species behave differently in the same situation? I raise these questions because ignoring cause blinds us to the reasons for ecosystem modification. It also runs counter to the evolutionary perspective biologists apply to other species. What are the life-history and evolutiona ...
... aberrant? Would other species behave differently in the same situation? I raise these questions because ignoring cause blinds us to the reasons for ecosystem modification. It also runs counter to the evolutionary perspective biologists apply to other species. What are the life-history and evolutiona ...
How Changes Occur Naturally in Ecosystems
... time in the types of organisms that live in an area. There are two types of ecological succession: 1. Primary succession: Primary succession occurs in areas where no soil exists, such as following glaciation or a lava flow. Wind and rain carry spores of lichens to these areas. Lichens obtain nutrien ...
... time in the types of organisms that live in an area. There are two types of ecological succession: 1. Primary succession: Primary succession occurs in areas where no soil exists, such as following glaciation or a lava flow. Wind and rain carry spores of lichens to these areas. Lichens obtain nutrien ...
2013年1月12日托福写作真题回忆
... In the late nineteenth century, ecology began to grow into an independent science from its roots in natural history and plant geography. The emphasis of this new "community ecology" was on the composition and structure of communities consisting of different species. In the early twentieth century, t ...
... In the late nineteenth century, ecology began to grow into an independent science from its roots in natural history and plant geography. The emphasis of this new "community ecology" was on the composition and structure of communities consisting of different species. In the early twentieth century, t ...
15Johnson
... individuals with certain genotypes mate with one another either more or less commonly than would be expected by chance sexual selection is choosing a mate based on, often, physical characteristics nonrandom mating alters genotype frequencies but not allele frequencies ...
... individuals with certain genotypes mate with one another either more or less commonly than would be expected by chance sexual selection is choosing a mate based on, often, physical characteristics nonrandom mating alters genotype frequencies but not allele frequencies ...
Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control
... In an example of commensalism, this bromeliad—an epiphyte, or air plant, in Brazil’s Atlantic tropical rain forest—roots on the trunk of a tree, rather than in soil, without penetrating or harming the tree. In this interaction, the epiphyte gains access to water, other nutrient debris, and sunlight; ...
... In an example of commensalism, this bromeliad—an epiphyte, or air plant, in Brazil’s Atlantic tropical rain forest—roots on the trunk of a tree, rather than in soil, without penetrating or harming the tree. In this interaction, the epiphyte gains access to water, other nutrient debris, and sunlight; ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.