TOL III: Animals
... itself. This is an example of a wrong question inviting and irrelevant answer: insects have already taken over… Today about a billion billion insects are alive at any given time… Their species, most of which lack a scientific name, number in to the millions… The human race is a newcomer dwelling amo ...
... itself. This is an example of a wrong question inviting and irrelevant answer: insects have already taken over… Today about a billion billion insects are alive at any given time… Their species, most of which lack a scientific name, number in to the millions… The human race is a newcomer dwelling amo ...
Niche theory and guilds
... phoeniceus) and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) “ecological release” – mongoose example ...
... phoeniceus) and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) “ecological release” – mongoose example ...
Population structure and dynamics = Structure et dynamique des
... Diversity deals mostly with the expression of the dynamic properties of a system. It illustrates how groups of organisms fa11into sub-systems comprising a community. Hence, it is an important measure of the occuning interactions. The addition of a species through invasion, colonization and stocking, ...
... Diversity deals mostly with the expression of the dynamic properties of a system. It illustrates how groups of organisms fa11into sub-systems comprising a community. Hence, it is an important measure of the occuning interactions. The addition of a species through invasion, colonization and stocking, ...
File - Science Source
... Explain how these populations interact to form communities. Describe how competition increases when the competitors are more alike (greatest competition exists between like species). Explain how different organisms compete for limited life needs. Explain how different populations living in the same ...
... Explain how these populations interact to form communities. Describe how competition increases when the competitors are more alike (greatest competition exists between like species). Explain how different organisms compete for limited life needs. Explain how different populations living in the same ...
Springs and wire plants: anachronistic defences against
... predictor variable and its value at each split, the analysis also identifies the overall importance of predictor variables (scaled from 0 to 100). This is analogous to assessing the importance of a variable in a multiple regression analysis by its overall contribution to all possible regression mode ...
... predictor variable and its value at each split, the analysis also identifies the overall importance of predictor variables (scaled from 0 to 100). This is analogous to assessing the importance of a variable in a multiple regression analysis by its overall contribution to all possible regression mode ...
Ecological Importance of Large Herbivores in the
... within the clay soil KLEE plots and found that cattle suppressed grass-dwelling arthropods (captured in sweep nets) whereas megaherbivores (elephants and giraffes only) suppressed ground-dwelling arthropods (captured in pitfall traps). Goheen et al. (2004) used both pitfall traps and sweep nets and ...
... within the clay soil KLEE plots and found that cattle suppressed grass-dwelling arthropods (captured in sweep nets) whereas megaherbivores (elephants and giraffes only) suppressed ground-dwelling arthropods (captured in pitfall traps). Goheen et al. (2004) used both pitfall traps and sweep nets and ...
Habitat Use and Community Structure in an Assemblage of Cottid
... sites, the coefficient of rank concordance and Friedman's test were evaluated among transects. A view of the overall distribution of each species among subtidal microhabitats in the San Juan Islands was constructed by combining the data on the microhabitat association of individuals over all transec ...
... sites, the coefficient of rank concordance and Friedman's test were evaluated among transects. A view of the overall distribution of each species among subtidal microhabitats in the San Juan Islands was constructed by combining the data on the microhabitat association of individuals over all transec ...
Summary - University of Amsterdam
... is non-pervasive or because disruptive selection prevails over the homogenizing effect of gene flow. Depth divergence within M. pharensis suggests that symbiont functional differences may play a role in depth-based disruptive selection of the coral host and can partially explain patterns of holobion ...
... is non-pervasive or because disruptive selection prevails over the homogenizing effect of gene flow. Depth divergence within M. pharensis suggests that symbiont functional differences may play a role in depth-based disruptive selection of the coral host and can partially explain patterns of holobion ...
Unit 2 - OpenWetWare
... 6.1 Explain how birth, death, immigration, and emigration influence population size. 6.2 Analyze changes in population size and biodiversity (speciation and extinction) that result from the following: natural causes, changes in climate, human activity, and the introduction of invasive, non-native sp ...
... 6.1 Explain how birth, death, immigration, and emigration influence population size. 6.2 Analyze changes in population size and biodiversity (speciation and extinction) that result from the following: natural causes, changes in climate, human activity, and the introduction of invasive, non-native sp ...
Ecology Unit
... and the introduction of foreign or exotic species. Today, the combined effect of these three types of threats has put one of the world’s great ecosystems—Lake Victoria—close to death. Lake Victoria—called the freshwater heart of Africa—is the world’s largest tropical lake; it covers an area about th ...
... and the introduction of foreign or exotic species. Today, the combined effect of these three types of threats has put one of the world’s great ecosystems—Lake Victoria—close to death. Lake Victoria—called the freshwater heart of Africa—is the world’s largest tropical lake; it covers an area about th ...
Potential impacts of climate change on the distributions and diversity
... climate data, generated by the coupled atmosphere-ocean circulation model, HadCM3 (Pope et al. 2000; Gordon et al. 2000), were provided by the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (www.meto.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre) and The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research (www.tyndall.ac. ...
... climate data, generated by the coupled atmosphere-ocean circulation model, HadCM3 (Pope et al. 2000; Gordon et al. 2000), were provided by the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (www.meto.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre) and The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research (www.tyndall.ac. ...
Enemy free space and the structure of ecological
... The notion that species may compete for enemy free space has a long history. T o our knowledge the idea has been explicitly formulated by at least 15 authors, or implicitly developed or hinted at by several others (Table I ) , but for some reason it has never received full attention, nor do workers ...
... The notion that species may compete for enemy free space has a long history. T o our knowledge the idea has been explicitly formulated by at least 15 authors, or implicitly developed or hinted at by several others (Table I ) , but for some reason it has never received full attention, nor do workers ...
Competition and the Structure of Granivore
... both worker body size and colony forag ing behavior tend not to coexist locally within homogeneous habitats, e v e n at lo calities that fall within the distributional ranges of both species. The interspecific territorial defense that occurs between s o m e such s p e c i e s pairs (Holldobler 197 ...
... both worker body size and colony forag ing behavior tend not to coexist locally within homogeneous habitats, e v e n at lo calities that fall within the distributional ranges of both species. The interspecific territorial defense that occurs between s o m e such s p e c i e s pairs (Holldobler 197 ...
Author`s personal copy
... and deem harmful. The harm caused by non-native species is usually described as one of three types: threats to human health, economic harm, and ecological harm. Of the three, most people would likely agree that organisms that threaten human health, primarily introduced pathogens that are the causes ...
... and deem harmful. The harm caused by non-native species is usually described as one of three types: threats to human health, economic harm, and ecological harm. Of the three, most people would likely agree that organisms that threaten human health, primarily introduced pathogens that are the causes ...
conclusions from phytoplankton surveys
... principles operate in sea and on land. Contemporary ecologists also stress that they ‘assume that the laws of physics, chemistry and biology are the same in oceans and on continents’ (Cohen, 1994); or that ‘ ...“ecology” does not alter simply because its factual basis is assembled from observations ...
... principles operate in sea and on land. Contemporary ecologists also stress that they ‘assume that the laws of physics, chemistry and biology are the same in oceans and on continents’ (Cohen, 1994); or that ‘ ...“ecology” does not alter simply because its factual basis is assembled from observations ...
A fundamental, ecohydrological basis for niche segregation in plant
... is more difficult to determine. We previously found niche segregation along finescale hydrological gradients in European wet meadows and proposed that the mechanism might be a general one, especially in communities that experience seasonal saturation. • We quantified the hydrological niches of 96 sp ...
... is more difficult to determine. We previously found niche segregation along finescale hydrological gradients in European wet meadows and proposed that the mechanism might be a general one, especially in communities that experience seasonal saturation. • We quantified the hydrological niches of 96 sp ...
Evolution study guide
... 8. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” 9. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 10. Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 11. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observa ...
... 8. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” 9. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 10. Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 11. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observa ...
Nariva Swamp - Institute of Marine Affairs
... swamp-wood forest, palm forest and small sections of upland forest within its boundary. Flora and fauna is high in diversity within the ecosystem, making it one of the most unique wetlands in the Caribbean. The diversity of this swamp, along with its size, is of great economic and ecological importa ...
... swamp-wood forest, palm forest and small sections of upland forest within its boundary. Flora and fauna is high in diversity within the ecosystem, making it one of the most unique wetlands in the Caribbean. The diversity of this swamp, along with its size, is of great economic and ecological importa ...
Alien invasive species (AIS)
... Not all alien species are invasive. However, when species are taken out of theirnatural habitats they often lose their natural predators or control agents; this is known as “ecological release”. As a result, populations of the alien species are able to increase to levels which are potentially detrim ...
... Not all alien species are invasive. However, when species are taken out of theirnatural habitats they often lose their natural predators or control agents; this is known as “ecological release”. As a result, populations of the alien species are able to increase to levels which are potentially detrim ...
A Cultural Niche Construction Theory of Initial
... theory (e.g., Kennett and Winterhalder 2006; Piperno 2006, 2011), are based on a ‘‘unidirectional’’ definition of adaptation that was the consensus within evolutionary theory up through the 1970s and still dominates today. According to this traditional definition, adaptation is a one-way street in w ...
... theory (e.g., Kennett and Winterhalder 2006; Piperno 2006, 2011), are based on a ‘‘unidirectional’’ definition of adaptation that was the consensus within evolutionary theory up through the 1970s and still dominates today. According to this traditional definition, adaptation is a one-way street in w ...
Developing New Morphological, Geographic, and
... this species. Monitoring and identification of H. naniflora have often been problematic due to the overlap in flower and leaf morphology with other members of the Hexastylis Heterophylla subgroup. In order to best devise management strategies for this imperiled species, it is vital to understand th ...
... this species. Monitoring and identification of H. naniflora have often been problematic due to the overlap in flower and leaf morphology with other members of the Hexastylis Heterophylla subgroup. In order to best devise management strategies for this imperiled species, it is vital to understand th ...
Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
... 8. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” 9. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 10. Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 11. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observat ...
... 8. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” 9. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 10. Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 11. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observat ...
Mixed effects of habitat fragmentation on species richness and
... After relaxation, on the other hand, in addition to the number of habitats and the proportion of species in common between the sub-populations, metapopulation processes such as migration rates between patches and environmental and demographic stochasticity will influence the optimal number of patche ...
... After relaxation, on the other hand, in addition to the number of habitats and the proportion of species in common between the sub-populations, metapopulation processes such as migration rates between patches and environmental and demographic stochasticity will influence the optimal number of patche ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.