The niche, biogeography and species interactions
... large-scale biogeographic patterns, we also need to explain why species do not simply adapt to the ecological conditions at the margins of their geographic ranges and continue expanding their ranges. Without such limits, every species could be everywhere, and again there would be few non-random biog ...
... large-scale biogeographic patterns, we also need to explain why species do not simply adapt to the ecological conditions at the margins of their geographic ranges and continue expanding their ranges. Without such limits, every species could be everywhere, and again there would be few non-random biog ...
Microbial interactions: from networks to models
... assembly rules from the birds’ presence–absence patterns. In brief, he suggested that the presence of one bird species will prevent other bird species that are adapted to the same niche from settling on the same island, allowing competitive exclusion to be deduced from ‘checkerboard’-like presence–a ...
... assembly rules from the birds’ presence–absence patterns. In brief, he suggested that the presence of one bird species will prevent other bird species that are adapted to the same niche from settling on the same island, allowing competitive exclusion to be deduced from ‘checkerboard’-like presence–a ...
Ecology
... reaching the spleen where they would be destroyed. The proteins on the knobs vary greatly from one parasite to the next, making it very difficult for the human immune system to detect them. ...
... reaching the spleen where they would be destroyed. The proteins on the knobs vary greatly from one parasite to the next, making it very difficult for the human immune system to detect them. ...
Reprint (1.8MB PDF) - Litchman-Klausmeier Lab
... few (often two) species with static traits (or phenotypes). In reality, however, a continuous range of species trait values may be accessible through both evolutionary (standing genetic variation and novel mutation) and ecological (dispersal from the regional species pool) processes. While immigrati ...
... few (often two) species with static traits (or phenotypes). In reality, however, a continuous range of species trait values may be accessible through both evolutionary (standing genetic variation and novel mutation) and ecological (dispersal from the regional species pool) processes. While immigrati ...
Wildlife Ecology
... Special Concern: While not afforded legal protection under the Act, many of these species are of concern because of declining or relict populations in the State. Should these species continue to decline, they would be recommended for Threatened or Endangered status. Protection of Special Concern spe ...
... Special Concern: While not afforded legal protection under the Act, many of these species are of concern because of declining or relict populations in the State. Should these species continue to decline, they would be recommended for Threatened or Endangered status. Protection of Special Concern spe ...
Parasites - Green Resistance
... interactions have time lags associated with the time required to produce offspring 4-year and 9- or 10-year cycles in Canadian tundra or forests suggest that time lags should be 1 or 2 years, respectively: ...
... interactions have time lags associated with the time required to produce offspring 4-year and 9- or 10-year cycles in Canadian tundra or forests suggest that time lags should be 1 or 2 years, respectively: ...
Evolution in plant populations as a driver of ecological changes in
... gradients (a vector) describing the relationship between each plant trait under selection and variation in the community variable. (d) Modelling the ecological effects of evolution on communities Although conditions 1–3 are necessary for evolution by natural selection to drive community changes, the ...
... gradients (a vector) describing the relationship between each plant trait under selection and variation in the community variable. (d) Modelling the ecological effects of evolution on communities Although conditions 1–3 are necessary for evolution by natural selection to drive community changes, the ...
(climax community) is reached is called ecological succession
... * Communities are composed of populations able to exist under the prevailing conditions and are identified by their dominant plant species – the one that exerts the most influence over the other species present. ...
... * Communities are composed of populations able to exist under the prevailing conditions and are identified by their dominant plant species – the one that exerts the most influence over the other species present. ...
Forests, Competition and Succession
... seem to sort by size. For instance, there are two flower-feeding `honeycreepers,' the bananaquit . . . and the red-legged honeycreeper. They feed together among the flowers in the canopy and their mean weights are 10.7 and 12.8 gm, respectively. There is a plausible explanation for the (fact that fl ...
... seem to sort by size. For instance, there are two flower-feeding `honeycreepers,' the bananaquit . . . and the red-legged honeycreeper. They feed together among the flowers in the canopy and their mean weights are 10.7 and 12.8 gm, respectively. There is a plausible explanation for the (fact that fl ...
Niche construction, co-evolution and biodiversity
... engineers can regulate energy and mass flows, as well as trophic patterns, without necessarily being part of those flows/patterns. These interactions form an “engineering web” that, together with the well-established trophic interactions, regulates ecosystem functioning (Jones et al., 1994). Odling- ...
... engineers can regulate energy and mass flows, as well as trophic patterns, without necessarily being part of those flows/patterns. These interactions form an “engineering web” that, together with the well-established trophic interactions, regulates ecosystem functioning (Jones et al., 1994). Odling- ...
Species at Risk, Conservation Strategies, and Ecological Integrity
... Only 4 species, namely the burrowing owl, sea otter, American white pelican, and Vancouver Island marmot, are legally designated under the British Columbia Wildlife Act (SOE 1998). The peregrine falcon and the bald eagle are listed in Appendix I under CITES (Convention on International Trade in Enda ...
... Only 4 species, namely the burrowing owl, sea otter, American white pelican, and Vancouver Island marmot, are legally designated under the British Columbia Wildlife Act (SOE 1998). The peregrine falcon and the bald eagle are listed in Appendix I under CITES (Convention on International Trade in Enda ...
Evolution in plant populations as a driver of
... gradients (a vector) describing the relationship between each plant trait under selection and variation in the community variable. (d) Modelling the ecological effects of evolution on communities Although conditions 1–3 are necessary for evolution by natural selection to drive community changes, the ...
... gradients (a vector) describing the relationship between each plant trait under selection and variation in the community variable. (d) Modelling the ecological effects of evolution on communities Although conditions 1–3 are necessary for evolution by natural selection to drive community changes, the ...
The Impacts of Invasive Plant Species on Human Health
... dangerous, especially if overrun with invasive plant species, even if the area is in fact a safe one. Invasive plant species are typically fast growing and prolific; these species are hard to manage ...
... dangerous, especially if overrun with invasive plant species, even if the area is in fact a safe one. Invasive plant species are typically fast growing and prolific; these species are hard to manage ...
Ecological Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Higher Plants
... In ecological risk assessment of transgenic plants, information on a wide range of subjects is needed for an effective and reliable assessment procedure. The information obtained from literature, field trials, laboratory and greenhouse tests have to be interpreted in a structured and well-defined ma ...
... In ecological risk assessment of transgenic plants, information on a wide range of subjects is needed for an effective and reliable assessment procedure. The information obtained from literature, field trials, laboratory and greenhouse tests have to be interpreted in a structured and well-defined ma ...
Seed arrival, ecological filters, and plant species richness: a meta
... Despite widespread interest in the role of dispersal in community assembly, we still lack a synthetic empirical understanding of how species pools and ecological filters interact to structure local biodiversity. To date, experimental tests of the role of propagule supply in natural communities have ...
... Despite widespread interest in the role of dispersal in community assembly, we still lack a synthetic empirical understanding of how species pools and ecological filters interact to structure local biodiversity. To date, experimental tests of the role of propagule supply in natural communities have ...
Key questions in the genetics and genomics of eco
... ecology in shaping evolution must therefore work through phenotypes. Second, the ecological effects of organisms are mediated through their phenotypes, whereas genotypes have ecological effects only indirectly through their association with phenotypes. Any role for evolution in shaping ecology must ...
... ecology in shaping evolution must therefore work through phenotypes. Second, the ecological effects of organisms are mediated through their phenotypes, whereas genotypes have ecological effects only indirectly through their association with phenotypes. Any role for evolution in shaping ecology must ...
Untitled
... invasion by non-natives; many subsequent authors have elaborated on this theme (e.g., Crawley 1987, Rejmánek 1989, Lozon and MacIsaac 1997, D’Antonio et al. 1999). For instance, Lozon and MacIsaac (1997) found in a literature search that about two-thirds of all non-native plant invasions involved so ...
... invasion by non-natives; many subsequent authors have elaborated on this theme (e.g., Crawley 1987, Rejmánek 1989, Lozon and MacIsaac 1997, D’Antonio et al. 1999). For instance, Lozon and MacIsaac (1997) found in a literature search that about two-thirds of all non-native plant invasions involved so ...
Microbial interactions: from networks to models
... assembly rules from the birds’ presence–absence patterns. In brief, he suggested that the presence of one bird species will prevent other bird species that are adapted to the same niche from settling on the same island, allowing competitive exclusion to be deduced from ‘checkerboard’-like presence–a ...
... assembly rules from the birds’ presence–absence patterns. In brief, he suggested that the presence of one bird species will prevent other bird species that are adapted to the same niche from settling on the same island, allowing competitive exclusion to be deduced from ‘checkerboard’-like presence–a ...
The Implications of Niche Construction and Ecosystem
... can be broadly categorized into three classes (Andelman and Fagan 2000): (1) flagships, charismatic species that attract public support; (2) umbrellas, species requiring such large areas of habitat that their protection might protect other species; and (3) biodiversity indicators, taxa whose presenc ...
... can be broadly categorized into three classes (Andelman and Fagan 2000): (1) flagships, charismatic species that attract public support; (2) umbrellas, species requiring such large areas of habitat that their protection might protect other species; and (3) biodiversity indicators, taxa whose presenc ...
Invasive species: a global concern bubbling to the
... Studies of the introduction of non-native fish in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand reveal that 77% of them resulted in the drastic reduction or elimination of native fish species. In North America alone, 27 species and 13 subspecies of native fish became extinct in the last century, ...
... Studies of the introduction of non-native fish in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand reveal that 77% of them resulted in the drastic reduction or elimination of native fish species. In North America alone, 27 species and 13 subspecies of native fish became extinct in the last century, ...
Critical Biodiversity
... Abstract: Ecosystems are dynamic systems in which organisms survive subject to a complex web of interactions. Are ecosystems intrinsically stable or do they naturally develop into a chaotic state where mass extinction is an unavoidable consequence of the dynamics? To study this problem we developed ...
... Abstract: Ecosystems are dynamic systems in which organisms survive subject to a complex web of interactions. Are ecosystems intrinsically stable or do they naturally develop into a chaotic state where mass extinction is an unavoidable consequence of the dynamics? To study this problem we developed ...
Deer herbivory affects the functional diversity of forest floor plants via
... have been mixed (Côté et al. 2004; Inatomi et al. 2012). To understand these contradictory results, a rigorous assessment of how intense herbivory alters the structure of biodiversity is necessary, and in doing so, it is worth focusing on the theory of community assembly. However, while most resea ...
... have been mixed (Côté et al. 2004; Inatomi et al. 2012). To understand these contradictory results, a rigorous assessment of how intense herbivory alters the structure of biodiversity is necessary, and in doing so, it is worth focusing on the theory of community assembly. However, while most resea ...
1. Introduction 1.1 Insect Diversity 2 1.2 Insects and Humans 3 1.3
... Insects provide many opportunities for researchers and some species are invaluable for applied sciences. The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster for instance, is a commonly used model in genetic research. The aquatic larvae of certain insects are very susceptible to pollution, therefore their presen ...
... Insects provide many opportunities for researchers and some species are invaluable for applied sciences. The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster for instance, is a commonly used model in genetic research. The aquatic larvae of certain insects are very susceptible to pollution, therefore their presen ...
A network approach for inferring species associations from co
... negative) relationship to a third species, their occurrences could be positively correlated, and thus an indirect effect (correlation) is inferred when the true effect (partial correlation) is actually negative (Brown et al. 2004, Schäfer and Strimmer 2005). A similar idea is implemented in ecology ...
... negative) relationship to a third species, their occurrences could be positively correlated, and thus an indirect effect (correlation) is inferred when the true effect (partial correlation) is actually negative (Brown et al. 2004, Schäfer and Strimmer 2005). A similar idea is implemented in ecology ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.