Oecologia (1992) 92:58-64 ?-;- Oecologia ? Springer-Verlag 1992
... actions between two species of Tribolium beetles (Park 1948). These studies were influential at the time in helping might competition imagine how interspecific ecologists function in nature, and they are still widely discussed in on comgeneral ecology textbooks as model experiments petition (for exa ...
... actions between two species of Tribolium beetles (Park 1948). These studies were influential at the time in helping might competition imagine how interspecific ecologists function in nature, and they are still widely discussed in on comgeneral ecology textbooks as model experiments petition (for exa ...
38662778 - studylib.net
... neither expected nor contained (Courchamp et al. 2003). Because of these interactions, any alteration to the species composition can have cascading effects throughout the ecosystem (Chapin et al. 2000). These unexpected and undesired effects based on chain reactions have been termed ‘‘surprise effec ...
... neither expected nor contained (Courchamp et al. 2003). Because of these interactions, any alteration to the species composition can have cascading effects throughout the ecosystem (Chapin et al. 2000). These unexpected and undesired effects based on chain reactions have been termed ‘‘surprise effec ...
BIOS 3010: Ecology 2. The effect of grazing herbivores: 3. The effect
... – Led to reduction in community species number from 15 to 8 (Fig. 21.3, 2nd ed.): • Because space made available by the predator helped competitively subordinate species and increased species diversity. • Exploiter-mediated coexistence. ...
... – Led to reduction in community species number from 15 to 8 (Fig. 21.3, 2nd ed.): • Because space made available by the predator helped competitively subordinate species and increased species diversity. • Exploiter-mediated coexistence. ...
species complex - University of Oklahoma
... means) of the Oklahoma small species. Given that life history features of the recently discovered Michigan small species have been assessed in only one habitat, these comparisons do not incorporate among-population variation in traits of these species, and thus results should be regarded as prelimin ...
... means) of the Oklahoma small species. Given that life history features of the recently discovered Michigan small species have been assessed in only one habitat, these comparisons do not incorporate among-population variation in traits of these species, and thus results should be regarded as prelimin ...
D3.1 Annex 8b Section 6 Environmental impact pests
... play an important role in the ecosystems or local cultural heritage, such as walnut (Juglans) or chestnut (Castanea) in Europe. The assessor may also include other, more recently introduced beneficial organisms such as biological control agents or exotic plants that play a role in ecosystem services ...
... play an important role in the ecosystems or local cultural heritage, such as walnut (Juglans) or chestnut (Castanea) in Europe. The assessor may also include other, more recently introduced beneficial organisms such as biological control agents or exotic plants that play a role in ecosystem services ...
Eco-evolutionary feedbacks in community and ecosystem ecology
... living (contrary to the arguments of Dawkins (2004) and Brodie (2005)). In order for the eco-evolutionary feedbacks to occur, populations must not only shape their environment but also possess the ability to evolve in response to selection caused by the changes in the environment. Factors that might ...
... living (contrary to the arguments of Dawkins (2004) and Brodie (2005)). In order for the eco-evolutionary feedbacks to occur, populations must not only shape their environment but also possess the ability to evolve in response to selection caused by the changes in the environment. Factors that might ...
Commonness and rarity determinants of woody
... ecological dimensions (Hanski 1982; Brown 1984; Rabinowitz et al. 1986; Pitman et al. 1999, 2001; Kristiansen et al. 2009). For example, the abundance of a species in a sample, the frequency with which a species appears across a given region, or the geographical extent of a species distribution, are ...
... ecological dimensions (Hanski 1982; Brown 1984; Rabinowitz et al. 1986; Pitman et al. 1999, 2001; Kristiansen et al. 2009). For example, the abundance of a species in a sample, the frequency with which a species appears across a given region, or the geographical extent of a species distribution, are ...
Coevolutionary motion and swarming in a niche space model of
... aware that many ecological interactions cannot be described in this formalism. Most prominently the interaction strength will usually depend on many other factors than just the nichedistance. Also it is not clear that all the species in a community can be described in a single niche space. In a high ...
... aware that many ecological interactions cannot be described in this formalism. Most prominently the interaction strength will usually depend on many other factors than just the nichedistance. Also it is not clear that all the species in a community can be described in a single niche space. In a high ...
Gerbils and Heteromyids – Interspecific Competition and the Spatio
... 1979, Chesson and Warner 1981), and b) an evolutionary trade-off between the abilities of the coexisting species to utilize various parts of this axis (e.g., Stewart and Levin 1973, Kotler and Brown 1990). These two features may provide a variety of mechanisms to give each species a relative advanta ...
... 1979, Chesson and Warner 1981), and b) an evolutionary trade-off between the abilities of the coexisting species to utilize various parts of this axis (e.g., Stewart and Levin 1973, Kotler and Brown 1990). These two features may provide a variety of mechanisms to give each species a relative advanta ...
Conserving Biological Diversity in Agricultural/Forestry Systems
... progressive laws and land preservation efforts do exist in developed and developing nations, the increasing resource demands of humans and their industries undermine any chance of progress in biodiversity preservation (Machlis and Tichnell 1985). To date, humans have destroyed approximately 44% of t ...
... progressive laws and land preservation efforts do exist in developed and developing nations, the increasing resource demands of humans and their industries undermine any chance of progress in biodiversity preservation (Machlis and Tichnell 1985). To date, humans have destroyed approximately 44% of t ...
The Effect of Recycling on Plant Competitive Hierarchies
... can be changed only through changing inputs or losses of nutrient from the ecosystem. In a simple, single-resource model, Tilman (1982) concluded that recycling could not affect the identity of the competitive dominant. Tilman (1990) stated that if multiple limiting resources or factors are consider ...
... can be changed only through changing inputs or losses of nutrient from the ecosystem. In a simple, single-resource model, Tilman (1982) concluded that recycling could not affect the identity of the competitive dominant. Tilman (1990) stated that if multiple limiting resources or factors are consider ...
Climate Change and Fish Communities: A Conceptual Framework
... 1986; Moyle 1986.) To prepare even a qualitative scenario for climatic change and fish assemblages, the processes influencing communities should be arranged into a unified framework that encompasses appropriate spatial and temporal scales; we might then be able to assess the relative importance of t ...
... 1986; Moyle 1986.) To prepare even a qualitative scenario for climatic change and fish assemblages, the processes influencing communities should be arranged into a unified framework that encompasses appropriate spatial and temporal scales; we might then be able to assess the relative importance of t ...
Natural Selection and Ecological Speciation in Sticklebacks
... reproductive isolation (premating and/or postmating) as a side-effect, both in sympatry and allopatry (see Box 9.2). Divergent selection may arise from external differences between the two environments or niches occupied by the two populations (the “environment” in a narrow sense). Divergent selecti ...
... reproductive isolation (premating and/or postmating) as a side-effect, both in sympatry and allopatry (see Box 9.2). Divergent selection may arise from external differences between the two environments or niches occupied by the two populations (the “environment” in a narrow sense). Divergent selecti ...
Temporal changes in a Chihuahuan Desert rodent community
... termined by processes operating within local areas, and to what extent is it affected by physical variables and movement of organisms occurring at larger spatial scales? On what spatial and temporal scales and between what kinds of organisms do coevolutionary processes influence community organizati ...
... termined by processes operating within local areas, and to what extent is it affected by physical variables and movement of organisms occurring at larger spatial scales? On what spatial and temporal scales and between what kinds of organisms do coevolutionary processes influence community organizati ...
full text
... strong dispersal barrier for species that depend on moist and cool cloud forest habitat, and this ...
... strong dispersal barrier for species that depend on moist and cool cloud forest habitat, and this ...
Classification Ecosystem Energy Relationships Human Impact Kick
... 8. A group of organisms that naturally mate with one another and produce fertile offspring belong to the same ______________. Directions: See if you can figure out how to use the key below to find the name of each object. Write the pathway you took to discover the name. 1a. Object is round………………………… ...
... 8. A group of organisms that naturally mate with one another and produce fertile offspring belong to the same ______________. Directions: See if you can figure out how to use the key below to find the name of each object. Write the pathway you took to discover the name. 1a. Object is round………………………… ...
Hegland and Totland 2005. Relationships between species` floral
... to visual displays for every insect-pollinated plant species during 10-min observation periods. Most periods were obtained between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. In total we conducted 201 (i.e. 2,010 min) observation periods during the flowering season. We reduced the amount of non-pollinating insects in our da ...
... to visual displays for every insect-pollinated plant species during 10-min observation periods. Most periods were obtained between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. In total we conducted 201 (i.e. 2,010 min) observation periods during the flowering season. We reduced the amount of non-pollinating insects in our da ...
长江大学教案模板 - 长江大学精品课程
... Organism (“No smaller unit in biology ... has a separate life in the environment...”) Population (many organisms of the same kind living together) Guild (a group of populations that utilizes resources in essentially the same way) Community (many populations of different kinds living in the same plac ...
... Organism (“No smaller unit in biology ... has a separate life in the environment...”) Population (many organisms of the same kind living together) Guild (a group of populations that utilizes resources in essentially the same way) Community (many populations of different kinds living in the same plac ...
evaluating perennial candidates for domestication
... a single cross that fortuitously combines all the desirable traits of the domestic species and the longevity and hardiness of the perennial. But, on the other hand, serious problems with sterility, chromosome number fluctuation and development of small populations with strong barriers to gene flow w ...
... a single cross that fortuitously combines all the desirable traits of the domestic species and the longevity and hardiness of the perennial. But, on the other hand, serious problems with sterility, chromosome number fluctuation and development of small populations with strong barriers to gene flow w ...
Document
... "Our results show that politics has the most important effect on perceptions of climate change." Some previous studies suggested temperature patterns do, in fact, influence perceptions about global warming, but none measured climatic conditions as comprehensively as the current investigation. Past r ...
... "Our results show that politics has the most important effect on perceptions of climate change." Some previous studies suggested temperature patterns do, in fact, influence perceptions about global warming, but none measured climatic conditions as comprehensively as the current investigation. Past r ...
The effect of habitat heterogeneity on species diversity patterns: a
... Interestingly, the extensive study of general ecological large-scale patterns (MacArthur, 1972; Brown, 1995; Rosenzweig, 1995; Polis and Winemiller, 1996) is treated separately from the study of landscape ecology, although they represent two sides of the same coin. Landscape ecology deals with the h ...
... Interestingly, the extensive study of general ecological large-scale patterns (MacArthur, 1972; Brown, 1995; Rosenzweig, 1995; Polis and Winemiller, 1996) is treated separately from the study of landscape ecology, although they represent two sides of the same coin. Landscape ecology deals with the h ...
Linking species abundance distributions and body size in
... a few numerically dominant species and many rare species. Although this pattern is well recognised, its underlying causes remain unknown. In this study, we tested whether variation in abundance among species within parasite communities can be explained by interspecific variation in body size. We use ...
... a few numerically dominant species and many rare species. Although this pattern is well recognised, its underlying causes remain unknown. In this study, we tested whether variation in abundance among species within parasite communities can be explained by interspecific variation in body size. We use ...
How Communities Evolve - New England Complex Systems Institute
... Seasonal and year-on-year fluctuations of these conditions are compensated by communities changing the number of individuals, and even their weight, so only persistent environmental changes end up affecting the number of constituent species. A modification in the trophic-size structure of a communit ...
... Seasonal and year-on-year fluctuations of these conditions are compensated by communities changing the number of individuals, and even their weight, so only persistent environmental changes end up affecting the number of constituent species. A modification in the trophic-size structure of a communit ...
Apparent competition and insect community structure: towards a
... be significant for many contemporary herbivorous insect communities. A further factor limits the extent to which competition may structure herbivore communities. The plant trophic level is diverse and frequently made up of a large number of species. Most herbivores only feed on a subset of these, qui ...
... be significant for many contemporary herbivorous insect communities. A further factor limits the extent to which competition may structure herbivore communities. The plant trophic level is diverse and frequently made up of a large number of species. Most herbivores only feed on a subset of these, qui ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.