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Powerpoint for today
Powerpoint for today

Today`s Powerpoint
Today`s Powerpoint

... Fragments in Orion molecular cloud, about 1000 x denser than average gas in cloud. ...
Deep Sky Objects (Word)
Deep Sky Objects (Word)

Other Solar Systems Around Other Stars
Other Solar Systems Around Other Stars

Death of Stars - Astronomy @ Walton High School
Death of Stars - Astronomy @ Walton High School

... Evidence from black holes comes from binary stars that get their solar material pulled into the hole. This often forms an accretion disc of matter circling the area. It orbits so fast it is hot enough to give off x-rays which we can measure. The black hole forces such a gravitational force on these ...
March 2017 - Shasta Astronomy Club
March 2017 - Shasta Astronomy Club

Presentation: The Sun and Solar Nebula Theory
Presentation: The Sun and Solar Nebula Theory

... of gas; the Primeval Solar Nebula. The mechanism that caused the collapse (maybe a supernova) would give the cloud a net spin. ...
How do we know how the Solar System is
How do we know how the Solar System is

... Always preserved Earth at center (geocentric) and circular  orbits, but had some orbits off center, some orbits tied to other  orbits, etc. ­­> complicated Even with complications, model didn't perfectly predict planetary  ...
AmiraPoster3
AmiraPoster3

... • Our raw value for Ko and the corresponding upper limit on the neutron star mass, 1.020.10 M‫סּ‬, are both comparable with those found by van der Meer et al. (2005). • Previous studies assume the giant star is Roche-lobe filling, thus giving only upper limits to the stellar masses. • Effects of X-r ...
Nine Planets and Counting
Nine Planets and Counting

... 4. An example of how our knowledge is constantly expanding can be found in the current count of moons orbiting the planets. How many are there now? How are they discovered? 5. Have students investigate the origin of names of solar system objects and their features. It can be very interesting. 6. Hav ...
Chapter 20
Chapter 20

Stars with mass less than 0.5 solar masses
Stars with mass less than 0.5 solar masses

... into helium in their cores under stable conditions (90% of all stars known). Red Giants or red Supergiants represent the second step of the life of a star, as we’ll see. Then, on most occasions, white dwarf are the lastest period of a common star’s life. ...
Sun forms first
Sun forms first

... 18. Explain how fusion energy in stars gets started. ANS: Once a star begins forming, the heavier denser particles sink towards the center. As the star grows in mass and density, the center begins to heat up, until finally it is hot enough to sustain itself through fusion of hydrogen. 19. Discuss t ...
Outline Ch.6 Solar System
Outline Ch.6 Solar System

... (1) Planets all orbit the Sun in same direction as Sun’s rotation (counterclockwise when seen from North), most planets rotate in same direction as their orbit. (2) The major planets divide clearly into two groups: terrestrial and jovian (Jupiter-like). (3) The solar system contains large numbers of ...
Formation of the Solar System
Formation of the Solar System

... 9. Let’s see if these kids know better! ...
Online version of poster
Online version of poster

... Once the initial sink particle has grown to ~10 M, the surrounding gas divides into a hot phase and cold phase. At this mass the gravitational force of the sink particle is strong enough to pull gas towards it with velocites sufficiently high to heat the gas to a maximum temperature of ∼ 7,000K. Th ...
Question 2 (7-1 thru 7-4 PPT Questions)
Question 2 (7-1 thru 7-4 PPT Questions)

... 4. The masses of 6 of the 8 known planets can be calculated based on the distances and periods of revolution of these planets’ natural satellites. ...
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... • This pocket of over density is much bigger than a single star. • This over dense region is not uniform, but has within it other, smaller regions of high density. • As the over density begins to be drawn together by gravity, it fragments into smaller pockets of gas which go on to form individual st ...
Composition Of The Solar System
Composition Of The Solar System

... Our solar system consists of an average star we call the Sun, the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. It includes: the satellites of the planets; numerous comets, asteroids, and meteoroids; and the interplanetary medium. The Sun is the richest source of ...
ATA2010
ATA2010

E5 stellar processes and stellar evolution (HL only)
E5 stellar processes and stellar evolution (HL only)

... by mass) and dust at a density of about 10-21 kg.m-3. This is about one hydrogen atom to every cm3 of space. ...
6.E.1.2 Credit Recovery
6.E.1.2 Credit Recovery

... Earth. The planet revolves around the star Gliese 581, one of the closest stars outside our solar system. Data collected over a number of years shows that Gliese 581 wobbled. This wobble indicates that a planet is orbiting the star. The orbit appears to last about 13 Earth days. The planet is in a r ...
the planets - St John Brebeuf
the planets - St John Brebeuf

... 1) Our solar system is full of planets, moons, asteroids and comets, all of which revolve around the Sun at the center. 2) When a star forms from a nebula, gravity pulls most of the material into the new star, but some may also clump together to form objects in a solar system. This is the Nebular Th ...
Astronomy Learning Objectives and Study Questions for Chapter 12
Astronomy Learning Objectives and Study Questions for Chapter 12

... D. T-Tauri stars E. white dwarfs 5. At the end of its main-sequence life, H-fusion in a medium mass star like Sol will shift to a shell outside the core and the star will become a _____. A. red dwarf B. red giant C. white dwarf D. blue-white supergiant E. supernova 6. The period during which an RR ...
AST 301—Review for Exam 3 Consult “Guide to Reading and Study
AST 301—Review for Exam 3 Consult “Guide to Reading and Study

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Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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