A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
... then incubated in polyclonal antibody against NPY (1:1000; rabbit antineuropeptide Y; ImmunoStar; 22940), SOM (1:1000; rabbit anti-somatostatin; ImmunoStar; 20067), or NOS (1:1000; goat anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Abcam; Ab1376) diluted in a solution containing 1% NDS, 1% BSA, and 0.1% Trit ...
... then incubated in polyclonal antibody against NPY (1:1000; rabbit antineuropeptide Y; ImmunoStar; 22940), SOM (1:1000; rabbit anti-somatostatin; ImmunoStar; 20067), or NOS (1:1000; goat anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Abcam; Ab1376) diluted in a solution containing 1% NDS, 1% BSA, and 0.1% Trit ...
Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ
... application of the dye in the AOB. An important advantage of this system for obtaining selective retrograde staining is that the VNO ...
... application of the dye in the AOB. An important advantage of this system for obtaining selective retrograde staining is that the VNO ...
Cumming BG, Parker AJ.
... The horizontal and vertical positions of both eyes, and the positions of the haploscope mirrors, were digitized and sampled at 587 Hz, allowing vergence angle to be computed on-line. The measured vergence angle was then used to control the position of the haploscope mirrors in a feedback loop. The s ...
... The horizontal and vertical positions of both eyes, and the positions of the haploscope mirrors, were digitized and sampled at 587 Hz, allowing vergence angle to be computed on-line. The measured vergence angle was then used to control the position of the haploscope mirrors in a feedback loop. The s ...
The Role of Kv7 in Peripheral Neurons
... The Kv7 (KCNQ) channel is a family of voltage-gated potassium channels that is considered to be important in the regulation of cellular excitability and axonal conduction. Previous studies have shown that peripheral sensory neurons express Kv7.2, Kv7.3, and Kv7.5 subunits, and that suppression of Kv ...
... The Kv7 (KCNQ) channel is a family of voltage-gated potassium channels that is considered to be important in the regulation of cellular excitability and axonal conduction. Previous studies have shown that peripheral sensory neurons express Kv7.2, Kv7.3, and Kv7.5 subunits, and that suppression of Kv ...
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... manner17,18, supporting the idea that extracellular misfolded tau that is taken up by neurons may provide a platform for tau pathology spreading. Better understanding of the molecular basis of tau propagation is key to preventing progression from early mild memory impairment to full cognitive deteri ...
... manner17,18, supporting the idea that extracellular misfolded tau that is taken up by neurons may provide a platform for tau pathology spreading. Better understanding of the molecular basis of tau propagation is key to preventing progression from early mild memory impairment to full cognitive deteri ...
What the young brain tells the spinal cord: top down modulation of
... The work presented in this thesis was carried out in the Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology at University College London between September 2012 and January 2016. I, Frederick Joseph Schwaller, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been d ...
... The work presented in this thesis was carried out in the Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology at University College London between September 2012 and January 2016. I, Frederick Joseph Schwaller, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been d ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... release, they needed an ultrasensitive ACh measurement method to prove their point and developed chemiluminescense to meet this need (Israel and Lesbats, 1981; Israel et al., 1990; see next section). Today, this method is widely used in industry as it allows researchers to deal with a large number o ...
... release, they needed an ultrasensitive ACh measurement method to prove their point and developed chemiluminescense to meet this need (Israel and Lesbats, 1981; Israel et al., 1990; see next section). Today, this method is widely used in industry as it allows researchers to deal with a large number o ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... scattered at irregular intervals in a large box. The circular track (76 cm OD; 56 cm ID) contained four distinct textures, each occupying one fourth of the track. The circular track was located in the center of a room with a 275-cm-diameter black curtain reaching from ceiling to floor, with six prom ...
... scattered at irregular intervals in a large box. The circular track (76 cm OD; 56 cm ID) contained four distinct textures, each occupying one fourth of the track. The circular track was located in the center of a room with a 275-cm-diameter black curtain reaching from ceiling to floor, with six prom ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... hear them. They affect our body through all sensory systems, but there is not a specific receptor that would capture the particular motivational properties of rewards. As reward functions cannot be explained by object properties alone, physics and chemistry are only of limited help, and we cannot in ...
... hear them. They affect our body through all sensory systems, but there is not a specific receptor that would capture the particular motivational properties of rewards. As reward functions cannot be explained by object properties alone, physics and chemistry are only of limited help, and we cannot in ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... The operational principles by which the brain integrates signals from various senses ensure that they are combined in useful ways. For example, the responses of multisensory neurons in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC), and the detection/localization behaviors they mediate, are markedly enhanced ...
... The operational principles by which the brain integrates signals from various senses ensure that they are combined in useful ways. For example, the responses of multisensory neurons in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC), and the detection/localization behaviors they mediate, are markedly enhanced ...
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
... appropriate behavior and finally coordinate the muscular contractions for an appropriate behavioral response. Accordingly, the brain is an equally complex structure and we therefore are still at the beginning of trying to understand how it works. The standard building elements giving rise to brain f ...
... appropriate behavior and finally coordinate the muscular contractions for an appropriate behavioral response. Accordingly, the brain is an equally complex structure and we therefore are still at the beginning of trying to understand how it works. The standard building elements giving rise to brain f ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
1 - Test Bank
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... hindlimb nerves were transected and mounted on stimulating electrodes. Subcutaneous cuff electrodes were used for nerves accessed in the iliac fossa: quadriceps (Q) and sartorius (Sart) nerves. The remaining nerves including the posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBST), anterior biceps and semimem ...
... hindlimb nerves were transected and mounted on stimulating electrodes. Subcutaneous cuff electrodes were used for nerves accessed in the iliac fossa: quadriceps (Q) and sartorius (Sart) nerves. The remaining nerves including the posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBST), anterior biceps and semimem ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... trk receptors were gifts from Louis Reichardt (University of California, San Francisco, San Fancisco), and monoclonal antibody M7412 against chicken p75 was a gift from Hideaki Tanaka (Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan). Rabbit anti-p75 antibody against the intracellular domain was from Promega. ...
... trk receptors were gifts from Louis Reichardt (University of California, San Francisco, San Fancisco), and monoclonal antibody M7412 against chicken p75 was a gift from Hideaki Tanaka (Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan). Rabbit anti-p75 antibody against the intracellular domain was from Promega. ...
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014
... • Your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other applicable copyright exceptions and limitations; • The author’s moral rights; • Rights other persons may have either in the work itself or in how the work is used, such as publicity or privacy rights. Notice – For any reuse or distribution, you must m ...
... • Your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other applicable copyright exceptions and limitations; • The author’s moral rights; • Rights other persons may have either in the work itself or in how the work is used, such as publicity or privacy rights. Notice – For any reuse or distribution, you must m ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two ...
... Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are redundant, or that some of these factors lack physiologic relevance in vivo (Flier & Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fa ...
... agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are redundant, or that some of these factors lack physiologic relevance in vivo (Flier & Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fa ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... respiration as well as heart rate indicate a behaviourally aroused state, whereas high voltage slow waves in the EEG and significantly reduced muscle tone along with reduced respiration and heart rate are characteristic of deep sleep state. On the basis of co-expression of such behavioural features ...
... respiration as well as heart rate indicate a behaviourally aroused state, whereas high voltage slow waves in the EEG and significantly reduced muscle tone along with reduced respiration and heart rate are characteristic of deep sleep state. On the basis of co-expression of such behavioural features ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... Fig. 1 (A) Representative record of a 10 horizontal saccade made by a normal subject. In this and subsequent figures, positive values indicate rightward, upward or clockwise eye rotations from the subject’s viewpoint. Position (blue) and velocity (red) records are shown. (B) Simulated 10 horizonta ...
... Fig. 1 (A) Representative record of a 10 horizontal saccade made by a normal subject. In this and subsequent figures, positive values indicate rightward, upward or clockwise eye rotations from the subject’s viewpoint. Position (blue) and velocity (red) records are shown. (B) Simulated 10 horizonta ...
Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I
... the orbital wall, and IOP was transmitted to the transducer via an aqueous-filled silicone tube inserted into the anterior chamber. The implant was large, and the battery required intraperitoneal placement. We have developed an updated bilateral IOP and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) telemetry syst ...
... the orbital wall, and IOP was transmitted to the transducer via an aqueous-filled silicone tube inserted into the anterior chamber. The implant was large, and the battery required intraperitoneal placement. We have developed an updated bilateral IOP and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) telemetry syst ...
The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson`s Disease
... • The initial enthusiasm for PPN DBS has been somewhat tempered by mixed clinical outcomes in subsequent studies, although some patients exhibit clear benefit for axial symptoms. • Almost all of the studies have been open label and have not had rigidly defined inclusion criteria. • Standardiz ...
... • The initial enthusiasm for PPN DBS has been somewhat tempered by mixed clinical outcomes in subsequent studies, although some patients exhibit clear benefit for axial symptoms. • Almost all of the studies have been open label and have not had rigidly defined inclusion criteria. • Standardiz ...
Maxillary palp glomeruli and ipsilateral projections in the antennal
... expressed a Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent protein to demonstrate that the glomerular response is dependent on the odourant receptor expressed by a receptor neuron. These studies suggest a strong correlation between sensory neuron and projection neuron activity. Recently, Wilson et al (2004) employed a ...
... expressed a Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent protein to demonstrate that the glomerular response is dependent on the odourant receptor expressed by a receptor neuron. These studies suggest a strong correlation between sensory neuron and projection neuron activity. Recently, Wilson et al (2004) employed a ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... distances (towards the endpoints of the branches) indicate greater similarity of the data. Therefore, as one proceeds from the root of ...
... distances (towards the endpoints of the branches) indicate greater similarity of the data. Therefore, as one proceeds from the root of ...