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Carl Nielsen Studies V - Svend Hvidtfelt Nielsen
Carl Nielsen Studies V - Svend Hvidtfelt Nielsen

... Chords which over a regular cadence have ‘equally long way home’ are placed in the same position category. The basic pattern of the regular cadence consists of a chord sequence whose fundamentals are analogous to a row of descending pure fifths; tonic, T, correspond to first position category, D the s ...
Harmonic Language in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time
Harmonic Language in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time

... harmonic group (tonic) and they share scale degrees 1 and 3. In Common Practice music, harmonic progressions move between harmonic functions in a particular order: Tonic–Predominant– Dominant–Tonic.2 Substitutions allow this progression to be completed in various ways, and are used to expand the har ...
mozart
mozart

... (Austria's third largest city), Count Thun, announced a concert of Mozart's music. However, the situation was awkward because Mozart had no music prepared to play, and the concert was only four days away. Mozart wrote to his father: "As I have not a single symphony with me, I am writing a new one at ...
Alternative Neo-Riemannian Approaches to Carl Nielsen
Alternative Neo-Riemannian Approaches to Carl Nielsen

... Chords which over a regular cadence have ‘equally long way home’ are placed in the same position category. The basic pattern of the regular cadence consists of a chord sequence whose fundamentals are analogous to a row of descending pure fifths; tonic, T, correspond to first position category, D the s ...
La Monte Young`s The Well-Tuned Piano Kyle Gann Perspectives of
La Monte Young`s The Well-Tuned Piano Kyle Gann Perspectives of

... two of those pitches and two each for the remaining three. In melodic terms, Young has imposed extreme limitations on himself in thegeneral sizes of intervals he has available. The closest intervals to an equaltempered, 100-cent half-step are 63 cents or 177. What he gains from limiting his scale st ...
Mozart`s Death
Mozart`s Death

... (Austria's third largest city), Count Thun, announced a concert of Mozart's music. However, the situation was awkward because Mozart had no music prepared to play, and the concert was only four days away. Mozart wrote to his father: "As I have not a single symphony with me, I am writing a new one at ...
Chords Triads
Chords Triads

... triads on the second, third and sixth degrees are minor and the triad on the seventh degree is diminished. All major keys have this – major, minor, minor, major, major, minor, diminished pattern of triads. Note how the chord degrees in the table able are written using roman numerals. This is a music ...
Prolongation of Seventh Chords in Tonal Music, by Yosef Goldenberg
Prolongation of Seventh Chords in Tonal Music, by Yosef Goldenberg

... 7.110c) relies excessively on an appeal to dynamics and texture (m. 3) in its relegation of the tonic as subordinate to the framing V7. This is unconvincing, and needlessly antithetical to the period principle—an instance of his customary (and generally laudable) sensitivity to such musical aspects ...
Solo and Method Annotations
Solo and Method Annotations

... A standard work for tuba and wind ensemble, or with piano accompaniment. The piano accompaniment can be quite difficult both technically, and in the legibility of the music. The first movement offers a chance for a variety of expressions, and is of moderate difficulty with some rhythmic complexities ...
Minor Keys and Scales
Minor Keys and Scales

... arranged in the same major scale pattern and build the same types of chords that have the same relationships with each other. (See Beginning Harmonic Analysis4 for more on this.) So music that is in, for example, C major, will not sound signicantly dierent from music that is in, say, D major. But ...
Lesson_CCC_-_The_Min..
Lesson_CCC_-_The_Min..

... of which have a dominant function. If these chords were built using the pitches of the diatonic minor, V would be minor (v) and vii° would be major (VII). Neither v nor VII pull toward tonic as do their leading-tone adjusted forms, although both appear in other functional roles in a minor key (discu ...
Lesson EEE: The Dominant Seventh Chord
Lesson EEE: The Dominant Seventh Chord

... of which have a dominant function. If these chords were built using the pitches of the diatonic minor, V would be minor (v) and vii° would be major (VII). Neither v nor VII pull toward tonic as do their leading-tone adjusted forms, although both appear in other functional roles in a minor key (discu ...
Scales, Key, and Modes!
Scales, Key, and Modes!

... Which note seems to be the center or main note? Look for common occurring patterns What are the accidentals telling you? Look for key melodic patterns Leading Tone is a HUGE clue! ...
6 Schoenberg`s `second melody`, or, `Meyer
6 Schoenberg`s `second melody`, or, `Meyer

... line into the cadential stream for further ascent to the dominant, the melodic goal of that stream. Bass-line closure is achieved when, in the context of a formal authentic cadence, the dominant leaps back to the tonic, thus creating a harmonic connection linking the two streams and purging the bass ...
Franz Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn

... in the country. He began working on two religious works for chorus and orchestra entitled The Creation and The Seasons. In 1802, an illness from which Haydn had been suffering for some time had increased in severity to the point that he became physically unable to compose. Haydn was well cared for b ...
Inaugural lecture 26/02/03 Medtner and the Muse My first cursory
Inaugural lecture 26/02/03 Medtner and the Muse My first cursory

... extreme poverty and obscurity. Indeed, were it not for the intervention of friends such as Rachmaninov and the French organist and composer Marcel Dupré, they might well have gone under. I mention this only to point out that there are possibly external reasons for his state of mind beyond artistic o ...
Cadences - AState.edu
Cadences - AState.edu

... Cadences A cadence is a musical punctuation that signals the end of a section of music. Cadences mark formal seams and confirm the tonality. At a cadence there may be a break in the rhythmic flow as well as the reaching of a harmonic goal. A cadence usually consists of 2 chords. Cadences differ cons ...
Johannes Brahms - Dr David Wright
Johannes Brahms - Dr David Wright

... Vienna was the city of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert and it attracted Brahms who settled there in 1862 and where the first performances of his two piano quartets, “opus 25” and “opus 26” respectively, were given. Here Brahms met Eduard Hanslick, a music critic who had tremendous power and a ...
Music Theory Vocabulary - Trinity Bend Performing Arts
Music Theory Vocabulary - Trinity Bend Performing Arts

... Statement of a melody in smaller note values. Statement of a melody in longer note values. Breaking up a subject into segments, any one of which may form the basis for further development. Extending a phase beyond its expected length, often by repeating a measure, adding more material, or evading th ...
CONSTANTIN SILVESTRI`S COMPOSITIONAL ACTIVITY
CONSTANTIN SILVESTRI`S COMPOSITIONAL ACTIVITY

... Silvestri belongs to the post-Enescian generation of composers. His creative activity unfolded only until 1953 and his musical output includes a relatively small number of works: piano pieces, lieder, chamber music and symphonic music. Silvestri's compositional output is in tune with the main Europe ...
Glossary - terms used in music analysis
Glossary - terms used in music analysis

... Passing note - a note which does not belong to the prevailing harmony (chord), which links two other notes by step. Passing notes can be accented (i.e. on the beat) or unaccented, and can be diatonic (not requiring an accidental) or chromatic (requiring an accidental. and moving in semitone step). F ...
Lament and Unification in György Ligeti`s Horn Trio
Lament and Unification in György Ligeti`s Horn Trio

... connected  with  the  context  provided  by  the  violin  and  piano.  For  instance,  in  the   second  movement  the  horn  attempts  to  imitate  the  material  played  by  the  rest  of  the   ensemble,  but  the  horn  is  incr ...
A Comparative Analysis of Three Concerti
A Comparative Analysis of Three Concerti

... a section similar to this in the third movement of “Cello Concerto” where the cello acts first as the string bass a rhythm section and then as the soloist. In addition to jazz influence, Baroque idioms contribute to the construction of the pieces, particularly “Oboe Concerto” and “Cello Concerto.” I ...
The Rise of 6 in the Nineteenth Century
The Rise of 6 in the Nineteenth Century

... vocally derived—of melodic descent, what Hindemith called “un19 See, respectively: Gauldin 1997, 34 (also Aldwell & Schachter 1989, 9); Sadai 1980, 3; Mitchell 1965, 6. Although all writers agree on the stepwise dependency of active tones upon stable tones, the precise characterization of that depen ...
Haydn was the second son of humble parents. His father
Haydn was the second son of humble parents. His father

... While in London in 1791, Haydn had been deeply moved by the performance of George Frideric Handel’s masterly oratorios. Deciding to compose further works in this genre, he obtained a suitable libretto, and, after settling in Vienna and resuming his duties for Prince Esterházy, he started work on the ...
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Sonata form



Sonata form (also sonata-allegro form or first movement form) is a large-scale musical structure used widely since the middle of the 18th century (the early Classical period).While it is typically used in the first movement of multi-movement pieces, it is sometimes used in subsequent movements as well—particularly the final movement. The teaching of sonata form in music theory rests on a standard definition and a series of hypotheses about the underlying reasons for the durability and variety of the form—a definition that arose in the second quarter of the 19th century. There is little disagreement that on the largest level, the form consists of three main sections: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation; however, beneath this, sonata form is difficult to pin down in a single model.The standard definition focuses on the thematic and harmonic organization of tonal materials that are presented in an exposition, elaborated and contrasted in a development and then resolved harmonically and thematically in a recapitulation. In addition, the standard definition recognizes that an introduction and a coda may be present. Each of the sections is often further divided or characterized by the particular means by which it accomplishes its function in the form.Since its establishment, the sonata form became the most common form in the first movement of works entitled ""sonata"", as well as other long works of classical music, including the symphony, concerto, string quartet, and so on. Accordingly, there is a large body of theory on what unifies and distinguishes practice in the sonata form, both within eras and between eras. Even works that do not adhere to the standard description of a sonata form often present analogous structures or can be analyzed as elaborations or expansions of the standard description of sonata form.
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