CHAPTER10B
... AT AXONAL HILLOCK MEMBRANE IS MOST LIKELY TO BE STIMULATED TO THRESHOLD = TRIGGER ZONE, CONTAINS LOTS OF VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS WHEN THRESHOLD IS REACHED THE CHANNELS OPEN AND Na DIFFUSES IN CHANGING POTENTIAL TO +30mV Na CHANNELS CLOSE AND K CHANNELS OPEN AND K DIFFUSES OUT MAKING INSIDE NEG ...
... AT AXONAL HILLOCK MEMBRANE IS MOST LIKELY TO BE STIMULATED TO THRESHOLD = TRIGGER ZONE, CONTAINS LOTS OF VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS WHEN THRESHOLD IS REACHED THE CHANNELS OPEN AND Na DIFFUSES IN CHANGING POTENTIAL TO +30mV Na CHANNELS CLOSE AND K CHANNELS OPEN AND K DIFFUSES OUT MAKING INSIDE NEG ...
The CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE) as a
... The movement of WATER across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration (i.e. high WATER concentration) to an area of high solute concentration (i.e., low WATER concentration) Hypotonic solution: the concentration of solutes OUTSIDE the cell is LOWER than the inside of the ce ...
... The movement of WATER across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration (i.e. high WATER concentration) to an area of high solute concentration (i.e., low WATER concentration) Hypotonic solution: the concentration of solutes OUTSIDE the cell is LOWER than the inside of the ce ...
Learning Objectives
... 3. Distinguish among sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. 4. List and describe the major parts of a neuron and explain the function of each. 5. Describe the function of astrocytes, radial glia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells. ...
... 3. Distinguish among sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. 4. List and describe the major parts of a neuron and explain the function of each. 5. Describe the function of astrocytes, radial glia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells. ...
Ch45--Neurons and Nervous Systems v2015
... How does the nerve re-set itself? After firing a neuron has to re-set itself Na+ needs to move back out K+ needs to move back in ...
... How does the nerve re-set itself? After firing a neuron has to re-set itself Na+ needs to move back out K+ needs to move back in ...
Sistemas sensoriales - U
... connective tissue the basement membrane connective tissue, the basement membrane (or basal lamina), consisting of collagen and glycoproteins. Both the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fiber secrete proteins into the basement membrane, including the ...
... connective tissue the basement membrane connective tissue, the basement membrane (or basal lamina), consisting of collagen and glycoproteins. Both the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fiber secrete proteins into the basement membrane, including the ...
File
... MS effect on neuron - http://www.nebraskamed.com/health-library/3d-medical-atlas/35/multiplesclerosis ...
... MS effect on neuron - http://www.nebraskamed.com/health-library/3d-medical-atlas/35/multiplesclerosis ...
resting potential
... Modeling the Resting Potential • Resting potential can be modeled by an artificial membrane that separates two chambers – The concentration of KCl is higher in the inner chamber and lower in the outer chamber ...
... Modeling the Resting Potential • Resting potential can be modeled by an artificial membrane that separates two chambers – The concentration of KCl is higher in the inner chamber and lower in the outer chamber ...
Chapter 48
... Modeling the Resting Potential • Resting potential can be modeled by an artificial membrane that separates two chambers – The concentration of KCl is higher in the inner chamber and lower in the outer chamber ...
... Modeling the Resting Potential • Resting potential can be modeled by an artificial membrane that separates two chambers – The concentration of KCl is higher in the inner chamber and lower in the outer chamber ...
Andrew Rosen - Chapter 3: The Brain and Nervous System Intro
... Presynaptic neuron – The cell that sends the message o Axon terminals – Location of actual transmission process in presynaptic neurons o Synaptic vesicles – Located in axon terminals that are filled with neurotransmitters that will influence other neurons When a presynaptic neuron fires, some vesicl ...
... Presynaptic neuron – The cell that sends the message o Axon terminals – Location of actual transmission process in presynaptic neurons o Synaptic vesicles – Located in axon terminals that are filled with neurotransmitters that will influence other neurons When a presynaptic neuron fires, some vesicl ...
Lecture 048 - Neurons and Nervous Systems
... protein channels are set up once first one is opened, the rest open in succession ...
... protein channels are set up once first one is opened, the rest open in succession ...
www.translationalneuromodeling.org
... Impulse response. H is the synaptic gain, t is the time constant Membrane potential to rate for kth subpopulation. c, r and e are population parametrs (e.g. volatge sensitivity) ...
... Impulse response. H is the synaptic gain, t is the time constant Membrane potential to rate for kth subpopulation. c, r and e are population parametrs (e.g. volatge sensitivity) ...
4. Nervous System: Synapses
... several working together or “rapid fire” of repeated stimulation= summation • Does all sensory information received by sensory neurons get transmitted to conscious part of brain? ...
... several working together or “rapid fire” of repeated stimulation= summation • Does all sensory information received by sensory neurons get transmitted to conscious part of brain? ...
（一）Functional Anatomy of the Retina
... The membrane of the receptor region is, however, electrically inexcitable; it contains no voltage-gated ionic channels and does not generate spikes. If the receptor region generated action potentials, the graded nature of the generator potential would be destroyed because as soon as the generator p ...
... The membrane of the receptor region is, however, electrically inexcitable; it contains no voltage-gated ionic channels and does not generate spikes. If the receptor region generated action potentials, the graded nature of the generator potential would be destroyed because as soon as the generator p ...
UNIT 3
... neurotransmitters are acetylcholine (Ach), amines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine), amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, and glycine), and nitric oxide. Both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters are present in the CNS and PNS. The same neurotransmitter may ...
... neurotransmitters are acetylcholine (Ach), amines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine), amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, and glycine), and nitric oxide. Both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters are present in the CNS and PNS. The same neurotransmitter may ...
Title: Nervous System
... Binding of a signal molecule – into an intracellular response that modifies the behavior of target cell a) Phase I – binding of first messenger (transmitter) to the receptor (T+R) b) Phase II – transduction of a signal into the intracellular compartment. T+R complex interacts with a specific G-prote ...
... Binding of a signal molecule – into an intracellular response that modifies the behavior of target cell a) Phase I – binding of first messenger (transmitter) to the receptor (T+R) b) Phase II – transduction of a signal into the intracellular compartment. T+R complex interacts with a specific G-prote ...
Chapter 3 Biological Aspects of Psychology
... • The neural impulse (action potential) occurs • When this brief charge reaches the end of the axon, it finally causes the terminal buttons to release chemicals ...
... • The neural impulse (action potential) occurs • When this brief charge reaches the end of the axon, it finally causes the terminal buttons to release chemicals ...
Chapter 33
... chemically gated potassium channel. When opened, potassium ions leave the cell which increases the negative charge and inhibits the start of an action potential. ...
... chemically gated potassium channel. When opened, potassium ions leave the cell which increases the negative charge and inhibits the start of an action potential. ...
4-6_SynTransRecycofNeurotrans_KotekZs
... next neuron. There are two main cathegories of neurotransmitters: small-molecule neurotransmitters, synthesised locally within the axon terminal and large peptide molecules, synthesised in the cell body and transported through the axon to the synaptic terminal. Once they are synthesized,in both case ...
... next neuron. There are two main cathegories of neurotransmitters: small-molecule neurotransmitters, synthesised locally within the axon terminal and large peptide molecules, synthesised in the cell body and transported through the axon to the synaptic terminal. Once they are synthesized,in both case ...
Terms being described
... 41. The summation of IPSPs produce this type of inhibition. 43. It’s the energy molecule used by the Na+/K+ pumps to restore the concentration of Na+ and K+ after the action potential is complete. 45. It’s another name for the sheath of Schwann. 47. The physiology of these cells is the basis of nerv ...
... 41. The summation of IPSPs produce this type of inhibition. 43. It’s the energy molecule used by the Na+/K+ pumps to restore the concentration of Na+ and K+ after the action potential is complete. 45. It’s another name for the sheath of Schwann. 47. The physiology of these cells is the basis of nerv ...
Neuron Structure and Function
... Signal becomes reduced over distance depending on the cable properties Current (I) – amount of charge moving past a point at a given time A function of the drop in voltage (V) across the circuit and the resistance (R) of the circuit Voltage – energy carried by a unit charge Resistance – fo ...
... Signal becomes reduced over distance depending on the cable properties Current (I) – amount of charge moving past a point at a given time A function of the drop in voltage (V) across the circuit and the resistance (R) of the circuit Voltage – energy carried by a unit charge Resistance – fo ...
System Introduction to Sensory Physiology: Sensory- Motor
... 2) MRO1- slow adaptation- IK (Ca), Na/K pump! 3) MRO1 and MRO2 have similar generator potentials! 4) MRO2 adapts more quickly to depolarization! ...
... 2) MRO1- slow adaptation- IK (Ca), Na/K pump! 3) MRO1 and MRO2 have similar generator potentials! 4) MRO2 adapts more quickly to depolarization! ...
UNIT 4 – HOMEOSTASIS 8.1 – Human Body Systems and H
... system involving a carrier protein in the plasma membrane that uses the energy of ATP to transport sodium ions out of and potassium ions into animal cells; important in nerve and muscle cells ...
... system involving a carrier protein in the plasma membrane that uses the energy of ATP to transport sodium ions out of and potassium ions into animal cells; important in nerve and muscle cells ...
Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.Apart from the latter two, which occur in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands), membrane voltage in the majority of non-excitable cells can also undergo changes in response to environmental or intracellular stimuli. In principle, there is no difference between resting membrane potential and dynamic voltage changes like action potential from a biophysical point of view: all these phenomena are caused by specific changes in membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from concerted changes in functional activity of various ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers. Conventionally, resting membrane potential can be defined as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells.Any voltage is a difference in electric potential between two points—for example, the separation of positive and negative electric charges on opposite sides of a resistive barrier. The typical resting membrane potential of a cell arises from the separation of potassium ions from intracellular, relatively immobile anions across the membrane of the cell. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher than that for other ions (disregarding voltage-gated channels at this stage), and because of the strong chemical gradient for potassium, potassium ions flow from the cytosol into the extracellular space carrying out positive charge, until their movement is balanced by build-up of negative charge on the inner surface of the membrane. Again, because of the high relative permeability for potassium, the resulting membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP.In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).