Strategic Plan NSL
... they turn on and off, speed up – slow down? If so, why? – Discrepancies between geodetic, geologic, and seismic rates of strain accumulation – Geological study will be needed – Dating and mapping facilities are needed (e.g., the GeoPBO white paper) ...
... they turn on and off, speed up – slow down? If so, why? – Discrepancies between geodetic, geologic, and seismic rates of strain accumulation – Geological study will be needed – Dating and mapping facilities are needed (e.g., the GeoPBO white paper) ...
EAI 2e3_2014Ok.indd
... reported that methane can be produced as the only product from CO2 hydrogenation only if Ni catalyses the reaction but, methane, ethane, and propane were detected immediately after the beginning of the reactions. However, ethane and propane were converted to methane after several hours of reaction, ...
... reported that methane can be produced as the only product from CO2 hydrogenation only if Ni catalyses the reaction but, methane, ethane, and propane were detected immediately after the beginning of the reactions. However, ethane and propane were converted to methane after several hours of reaction, ...
World Geothermal Assessment
... with the consept of renewable energy, whereas the long recovery time required to restore the stored heat in impermeable rocks causes it to be similar with finite energy resources. ...
... with the consept of renewable energy, whereas the long recovery time required to restore the stored heat in impermeable rocks causes it to be similar with finite energy resources. ...
Maximum-likelihood Estimation Of Rician Distribution Parameters
... because the probability that As to still compare the ML estimator with the conventional one, we modified the conventional estimator in these adverse cases to yield the same estimate as the ML estimator: From Fig. 2(b) one can observe that both estimators become biased though the bias of the ML estim ...
... because the probability that As to still compare the ML estimator with the conventional one, we modified the conventional estimator in these adverse cases to yield the same estimate as the ML estimator: From Fig. 2(b) one can observe that both estimators become biased though the bias of the ML estim ...
Did deglaciation trigger intraplate seismicity in the New Madrid
... and Johnston (2000) (who also considered a homogenous elastic lithosphere) considered a more realistic ice-sheet geometry and predicted the onset of seismicity at about 200 yr ago, although the region of modeled seismicity is not localized to the New Madrid area. In this study we utilize a three-dim ...
... and Johnston (2000) (who also considered a homogenous elastic lithosphere) considered a more realistic ice-sheet geometry and predicted the onset of seismicity at about 200 yr ago, although the region of modeled seismicity is not localized to the New Madrid area. In this study we utilize a three-dim ...
Lecture20
... Example: the L of a solenoid of length 10 cm, area 5 cm2, with a total of 100 turns is L = 6.28×10−5 H 0.5 mm diameter wire would achieve 100 turns in a single layer. Going to 10 layers would increase L by a factor of 100. Adding an iron or ferrite core would also increase L by about a factor of 100 ...
... Example: the L of a solenoid of length 10 cm, area 5 cm2, with a total of 100 turns is L = 6.28×10−5 H 0.5 mm diameter wire would achieve 100 turns in a single layer. Going to 10 layers would increase L by a factor of 100. Adding an iron or ferrite core would also increase L by about a factor of 100 ...
Acquisition of the Blackfoot broad-band seismic survey
... survey. Because we expected significant ground roll, were using no arrays for the 3-C geophones, and wanted to be able to extract signal, we need this large dynamic range. In addition, with the 2 Hz geophones being used, it was necessary to have a low end frequency response of better than two octave ...
... survey. Because we expected significant ground roll, were using no arrays for the 3-C geophones, and wanted to be able to extract signal, we need this large dynamic range. In addition, with the 2 Hz geophones being used, it was necessary to have a low end frequency response of better than two octave ...
Closing crack earthquakes within the Krafla caldera, North Iceland
... 1.4 km NNE of the 1975–1989 inflation centre (derived from repeated ground levelling during the Krafla rifting episode; Björnsson 1985; Björnsson et al. 1985) were selected for manual refinement. P- and S-wave arrival times were picked manually for these events, which were located using NonLinLoc ...
... 1.4 km NNE of the 1975–1989 inflation centre (derived from repeated ground levelling during the Krafla rifting episode; Björnsson 1985; Björnsson et al. 1985) were selected for manual refinement. P- and S-wave arrival times were picked manually for these events, which were located using NonLinLoc ...
(2008) Stress-forecasting not predicting earthquakes: A paradigm shift
... delays, the observed increase is interpreted as monitoring the effects of stress accumulation on microcrack geometry at large distances from impending earthquakes. In any particular region, the overall stress can be expected to increase at a comparatively uniform rate over the recurrence cycles of l ...
... delays, the observed increase is interpreted as monitoring the effects of stress accumulation on microcrack geometry at large distances from impending earthquakes. In any particular region, the overall stress can be expected to increase at a comparatively uniform rate over the recurrence cycles of l ...
Do deep mantle plumes exist?
... heat flow levels comparable to same-age lithosphere in other non-magmatic regions and consequently show no evidence of significantly raised temperatures which might be associated with a deep mantle plume anomaly (Stein & Stein 2003). In conclusion it is evident that deep mantle plumes have been used ...
... heat flow levels comparable to same-age lithosphere in other non-magmatic regions and consequently show no evidence of significantly raised temperatures which might be associated with a deep mantle plume anomaly (Stein & Stein 2003). In conclusion it is evident that deep mantle plumes have been used ...
Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world`s ocean
... Active spreading ridges are bold black lines, whereas extinct ridges are colored magenta on the age map and white on the spreading rate and asymmetry maps. Continental margins are medium gray, and continents are light gray. Hot spot locations are indicated by black ...
... Active spreading ridges are bold black lines, whereas extinct ridges are colored magenta on the age map and white on the spreading rate and asymmetry maps. Continental margins are medium gray, and continents are light gray. Hot spot locations are indicated by black ...
Spatial variations in the frequency
... VELEST solution was used (Kissling et al., 1994) as the starting one-dimensional (1-D) model, and a minimal grid spacing of 15 km is used for the SIMUL2000 program. Following the tomographic inversion, a detailed 3-D velocity model was obtained (Lin et al., 2006a, accepted), and all of the earthquak ...
... VELEST solution was used (Kissling et al., 1994) as the starting one-dimensional (1-D) model, and a minimal grid spacing of 15 km is used for the SIMUL2000 program. Following the tomographic inversion, a detailed 3-D velocity model was obtained (Lin et al., 2006a, accepted), and all of the earthquak ...
Asthenospheric flow and origin of volcanism in the Baikal Rift area
... The origin of low-volume, hotspot-like volcanism often observed in continental rift areas is debated, as is the nature of the flow in the mantle beneath. In this paper we assemble seismic constraints on the mantle flow below the Baikal Rift Zone. We combine new evidence from upper-mantle tomography ...
... The origin of low-volume, hotspot-like volcanism often observed in continental rift areas is debated, as is the nature of the flow in the mantle beneath. In this paper we assemble seismic constraints on the mantle flow below the Baikal Rift Zone. We combine new evidence from upper-mantle tomography ...
New bathymetry and magnetic lineations identifications in the
... The seafloor spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) was previously believed to take place between ca. 32 and 15 Ma (magnetic anomaly C11 to C5c). New magnetic data acquired in the northernmost SCS however suggests the existence of E–W trending magnetic polarity reversal patterns. Magnetic modeling de ...
... The seafloor spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) was previously believed to take place between ca. 32 and 15 Ma (magnetic anomaly C11 to C5c). New magnetic data acquired in the northernmost SCS however suggests the existence of E–W trending magnetic polarity reversal patterns. Magnetic modeling de ...
Chapter 2 Lower-crustal strength under the Dead Sea basin from
... Although depths derived from model Israel are stable, velocities in the uppermost 9 km of the model are too high for the Dead Sea basin (compare model Israel versus model Dead Sea, Figure 2.4b and Figure 2.4c). This might create an artificial deepening of focal depths for earthquakes nucleating in ...
... Although depths derived from model Israel are stable, velocities in the uppermost 9 km of the model are too high for the Dead Sea basin (compare model Israel versus model Dead Sea, Figure 2.4b and Figure 2.4c). This might create an artificial deepening of focal depths for earthquakes nucleating in ...
Sample Chapter
... lithosphere collides with another slab, the older, colder, denser slab turns downward and is pulled by gravity back into the asthenosphere (subduction), while the less-dense, more buoyant slab overrides it. Last, the slab pulled into the asthenosphere begins the process of melting and reabsorbing in ...
... lithosphere collides with another slab, the older, colder, denser slab turns downward and is pulled by gravity back into the asthenosphere (subduction), while the less-dense, more buoyant slab overrides it. Last, the slab pulled into the asthenosphere begins the process of melting and reabsorbing in ...
Imaging the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian continent
... Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France, 2National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India, 3Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia ...
... Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France, 2National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India, 3Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia ...
Seismic low-velocity layer at the top of subducting slabs
... Layered structure persists at the tops of subducting plates to depths in excess of 150 km. A low-velocity channel several km thick produces guided seismic guided waves, which indicate that the top of the downgoing plate remains coherent and probably has not eclogitized to >150 km depth. The surround ...
... Layered structure persists at the tops of subducting plates to depths in excess of 150 km. A low-velocity channel several km thick produces guided seismic guided waves, which indicate that the top of the downgoing plate remains coherent and probably has not eclogitized to >150 km depth. The surround ...
Source Process of Deep and Intermediate Earthquakes as Inferred
... (1) The slope of the phase spectrum (or the intermediate shocks that occurred along island group delay time) arcs from New Guinea to the Fuji Islands The equalized source phase spectrum of at depths between 100 and 200km, which direct P waves has been given in Fig. 19 in have been treated in a previ ...
... (1) The slope of the phase spectrum (or the intermediate shocks that occurred along island group delay time) arcs from New Guinea to the Fuji Islands The equalized source phase spectrum of at depths between 100 and 200km, which direct P waves has been given in Fig. 19 in have been treated in a previ ...
Magma-compensated crustal thinning in continental rift zones
... eastward to beneath the Mongolian plateau (Fig. 4c)14. In contrast, our new results with anomalously high velocity in a lower-crustal zone almost directly below the rift indicate instead mainly pure shear deformation (Fig. 4a). The intrusions may have formed during the slow rift phase (10–2.5 Myr ag ...
... eastward to beneath the Mongolian plateau (Fig. 4c)14. In contrast, our new results with anomalously high velocity in a lower-crustal zone almost directly below the rift indicate instead mainly pure shear deformation (Fig. 4a). The intrusions may have formed during the slow rift phase (10–2.5 Myr ag ...
Magnetotellurics
Magnetotellurics (MT) is an electromagnetic geophysical method for inferring the earth's subsurface electrical conductivity from measurements of natural geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation at the Earth's surface. Investigation depth ranges from 300m below ground by recording higher frequencies down to 10,000m or deeper with long-period soundings. Developed in the USSR and France during the 1950s, MT is now an international academic discipline and is used in exploration surveys around the world. Commercial uses include hydrocarbon (oil and gas) exploration, geothermal exploration, mining exploration, as well as hydrocarbon and groundwater monitoring. Research applications include experimentation to further develop the MT technique, long-period deep crustal exploration, and earthquake precursor prediction research.