Context Dependency in the Globus Pallidus Internal Segment
... exhibiting statistically significant changes in discharge rate at any time between the presentation of visual cues and end of movement. Representative responses from three well-modulated GPi neurons during the execution of the task are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron B181 (Fig. 1A) paused phasically in asso ...
... exhibiting statistically significant changes in discharge rate at any time between the presentation of visual cues and end of movement. Representative responses from three well-modulated GPi neurons during the execution of the task are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron B181 (Fig. 1A) paused phasically in asso ...
Hippocampal region - NeuronDevelopment.org
... cortex. It is characterized by a superficial layer of moderately packed medium sized cells. The presubiculum (PrS) lies next to the parasubiculum. It is characterized by a superficial lamina of densely packed small cells. The superficial layers of both the parasubiculum and presubiculum overlie a d ...
... cortex. It is characterized by a superficial layer of moderately packed medium sized cells. The presubiculum (PrS) lies next to the parasubiculum. It is characterized by a superficial lamina of densely packed small cells. The superficial layers of both the parasubiculum and presubiculum overlie a d ...
Histological Rearrangement in the Facial Nerve and Central Nuclei
... z This indicates that most of the restored mimetic muscle innervation is from the hypoglossal nerve whether anastomosis is performed early or late. ...
... z This indicates that most of the restored mimetic muscle innervation is from the hypoglossal nerve whether anastomosis is performed early or late. ...
bupropion and the autonomic nervous system
... presynaptic cell can affect many postsynaptic cells. And it was thought to be a rule that there was only one neurotransmitter produced and released by an axon. Now we know that there can be more than one; in which case they are called cotransmitters. Receptors are another important control point for ...
... presynaptic cell can affect many postsynaptic cells. And it was thought to be a rule that there was only one neurotransmitter produced and released by an axon. Now we know that there can be more than one; in which case they are called cotransmitters. Receptors are another important control point for ...
Synaptic transmission
... • After the sensory signals have passed through the synapses a large number of times, the synapses become so facilitated that signals generated within the brain itself can also cause transmission of impulses through the same sequences of synapses, even when the sensory input is not excited. • This g ...
... • After the sensory signals have passed through the synapses a large number of times, the synapses become so facilitated that signals generated within the brain itself can also cause transmission of impulses through the same sequences of synapses, even when the sensory input is not excited. • This g ...
Chapter 12
... 12-7 Describe the structure of a synapse, and explain the mechanism involved in synaptic activity. 12-8 Describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes. 12-9 Discuss the interactions that enable information processing to occur in ...
... 12-7 Describe the structure of a synapse, and explain the mechanism involved in synaptic activity. 12-8 Describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes. 12-9 Discuss the interactions that enable information processing to occur in ...
The nature of neuronal words and language
... their respective gradients [4]. In single afferents of human mechanoreceptive sensory nerve fibers of the skin of the hand, spike times-to-peak were 0.12-0.45 ms with a mean of 0.21 ms [5]. While the depolarization process is pre-energized and trigger-ready, re-polarization is a slower enzyme-depend ...
... their respective gradients [4]. In single afferents of human mechanoreceptive sensory nerve fibers of the skin of the hand, spike times-to-peak were 0.12-0.45 ms with a mean of 0.21 ms [5]. While the depolarization process is pre-energized and trigger-ready, re-polarization is a slower enzyme-depend ...
Genome wide expression profiling of the
... for micro-array analysis (Fig. 1B). The highest overrepresentation scores were clearly changing over time. Genes found regulated at early time points appeared to be more involved in generating the neuronal precursor area while genes found highly expressed at E12.5 or later had roles in neuronal matu ...
... for micro-array analysis (Fig. 1B). The highest overrepresentation scores were clearly changing over time. Genes found regulated at early time points appeared to be more involved in generating the neuronal precursor area while genes found highly expressed at E12.5 or later had roles in neuronal matu ...
Rotatory nystagmus - Besøk daftpunk.no
... Normally with the head at rest, in the neutral position the resting discharges in the two vestibular nerve are equal. Vestibulomotor (vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal) reflexes are elicited when inputs from the two vestibular organs or their central projection are made equal, that is, they are un ...
... Normally with the head at rest, in the neutral position the resting discharges in the two vestibular nerve are equal. Vestibulomotor (vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal) reflexes are elicited when inputs from the two vestibular organs or their central projection are made equal, that is, they are un ...
26: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, White and Grey Matter
... from afferent neurons (which carry information towards the CNS) from sensors in the periphery. These neurons are also known as sensory neurons, and their cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglion. The ventral root and dorsal root come together and form a spinal nerve. Spinal nerves are alw ...
... from afferent neurons (which carry information towards the CNS) from sensors in the periphery. These neurons are also known as sensory neurons, and their cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglion. The ventral root and dorsal root come together and form a spinal nerve. Spinal nerves are alw ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... projections, inhibition of Ce would be an efficient way of dampening multiple fear responses after extinction (Royer and Paré, 2002). It is not known, however, whether mPFC neurons can influence Ce excitability. To address this, we recorded the responses of Ce output neurons to cortical and basolat ...
... projections, inhibition of Ce would be an efficient way of dampening multiple fear responses after extinction (Royer and Paré, 2002). It is not known, however, whether mPFC neurons can influence Ce excitability. To address this, we recorded the responses of Ce output neurons to cortical and basolat ...
18 The Somatosensory System II: Touch, Thermal Sense, and Pain
... • If you step on a sharp object with your left foot, your spinothalamic tract enables you to realize “something sharp is puncturing the sole of my ...
... • If you step on a sharp object with your left foot, your spinothalamic tract enables you to realize “something sharp is puncturing the sole of my ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... output neurons, and are thus simple to analyze. However, with recent advances in the ability to simultaneously record a large number of single units in different brain structures, we need a systematic method to be able to parse through these data. Instead of studying a large number of individual IO ...
... output neurons, and are thus simple to analyze. However, with recent advances in the ability to simultaneously record a large number of single units in different brain structures, we need a systematic method to be able to parse through these data. Instead of studying a large number of individual IO ...
Neurotransmitters
... • A single EPSP cannot induce an AP • EPSPs can summate to influence postsynaptic neuron • IPSPs can also summate • Most neurons receive both excitatory and inhibitory inputs from thousands of other neurons – Only if EPSP's predominate and bring to threshold AP © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • A single EPSP cannot induce an AP • EPSPs can summate to influence postsynaptic neuron • IPSPs can also summate • Most neurons receive both excitatory and inhibitory inputs from thousands of other neurons – Only if EPSP's predominate and bring to threshold AP © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
PDF
... brightness/contrast and resolution (set at 600 ppi) with the aid of Adobe PhotoShop 6.0 software. To ascertain that postsynaptic structures contacted by human synaptophysin (ⴙ) terminals belonged to the host, rat motor neurons were identified by their morphology and size (>25 m in soma diameter) and ...
... brightness/contrast and resolution (set at 600 ppi) with the aid of Adobe PhotoShop 6.0 software. To ascertain that postsynaptic structures contacted by human synaptophysin (ⴙ) terminals belonged to the host, rat motor neurons were identified by their morphology and size (>25 m in soma diameter) and ...
Neuronal correlates of movement dynamics in the dorsal and ventral
... that neurons in this area might participate in the processing of the movement dynamics. The properties of area PMv have become under interest relatively recently, and are still largely unclear. Graziano et al. found that neurons in this area respond to both visual and tactile stimulation, and to pro ...
... that neurons in this area might participate in the processing of the movement dynamics. The properties of area PMv have become under interest relatively recently, and are still largely unclear. Graziano et al. found that neurons in this area respond to both visual and tactile stimulation, and to pro ...
What is the neuron`s resting potential?
... What causes a neuron to produce an action potential? • A neuron produces an action potential or “fires” when it generates and conducts an electrochemical signal. • A neuron receives electrochemical signals from thousands of adjacent neurons, in the form of “synapses” onto the dendrites or cell body ...
... What causes a neuron to produce an action potential? • A neuron produces an action potential or “fires” when it generates and conducts an electrochemical signal. • A neuron receives electrochemical signals from thousands of adjacent neurons, in the form of “synapses” onto the dendrites or cell body ...
Radial Glial Cell–Neuron Interaction Directs Axon Formation at the
... and preexisting axons enables these multipolar cells to specify the preexisting axon-contacting neurite as the axon and to develop into bipolar cells (Namba et al., 2014). These findings provide molecular and cellular mechanisms for the neuronal polarization of ⬃60% of multipolar cells that extend t ...
... and preexisting axons enables these multipolar cells to specify the preexisting axon-contacting neurite as the axon and to develop into bipolar cells (Namba et al., 2014). These findings provide molecular and cellular mechanisms for the neuronal polarization of ⬃60% of multipolar cells that extend t ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Mature neurons are incapable of mitosis. However, PNS axons can regenerate if cell body is not destroyed. Upon injury, an axon will begin to swell & disintegrate in a process called Wallerian degeneration. ...
... Mature neurons are incapable of mitosis. However, PNS axons can regenerate if cell body is not destroyed. Upon injury, an axon will begin to swell & disintegrate in a process called Wallerian degeneration. ...
The Nervous System
... • Tracts: long bundles of fibers that carry electrical impulses inside of the central nervous system • Nerves: long bundles of fibers that carry electrical impulses in the peripheral nervous system ...
... • Tracts: long bundles of fibers that carry electrical impulses inside of the central nervous system • Nerves: long bundles of fibers that carry electrical impulses in the peripheral nervous system ...
disparity detection from stereo
... The work presented here also investigates the more challenging problem of regression with subpixel precision, in contrast with the prior scheme of classification in Solgi and Weng 2008 [28]. For the first time, we present a spatio-temporal regression model of the laminar architecture of the cortex f ...
... The work presented here also investigates the more challenging problem of regression with subpixel precision, in contrast with the prior scheme of classification in Solgi and Weng 2008 [28]. For the first time, we present a spatio-temporal regression model of the laminar architecture of the cortex f ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... free-floating sections were rinsed several times in ice-cold PBST (0.1 M PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100); they were then incubated with antibody against orexin A (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA; diluted 1:1500—1:8000) in PBST solution overnight. On the following day, the sections were rinsed ...
... free-floating sections were rinsed several times in ice-cold PBST (0.1 M PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100); they were then incubated with antibody against orexin A (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA; diluted 1:1500—1:8000) in PBST solution overnight. On the following day, the sections were rinsed ...
The Brain and Behavior
... forebrain closely linked to emotional response – Thalamus: Relays sensory information to the cortex; switchboard – Hypothalamus: Regulates emotional behaviors and motives (e.g., sex, hunger, rage, hormone release) – Amygdala: Associated with fear responses – Hippocampus: Associated with storing memo ...
... forebrain closely linked to emotional response – Thalamus: Relays sensory information to the cortex; switchboard – Hypothalamus: Regulates emotional behaviors and motives (e.g., sex, hunger, rage, hormone release) – Amygdala: Associated with fear responses – Hippocampus: Associated with storing memo ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... individuals’ acts (Gallese et al. 1996; Rizzolatti et al. 1996; Umiltà et al. 2001; Kohler et al. 2002). More recently, it has been shown that also motor neurons of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) convexity code the goal of motor acts. Furthermore, in the rostral part of this lobule, MNs have be ...
... individuals’ acts (Gallese et al. 1996; Rizzolatti et al. 1996; Umiltà et al. 2001; Kohler et al. 2002). More recently, it has been shown that also motor neurons of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) convexity code the goal of motor acts. Furthermore, in the rostral part of this lobule, MNs have be ...
Chapter 2
... Paths may operate differentially at different developmental stages Summary of the Multidimensional Perspective of Psychopathology y Multiple Causation Is the rule, not the exception in explaining normal and abnormal behavior y Take a Broad, Comprehensive, Systemic Perspective Addressing biolog ...
... Paths may operate differentially at different developmental stages Summary of the Multidimensional Perspective of Psychopathology y Multiple Causation Is the rule, not the exception in explaining normal and abnormal behavior y Take a Broad, Comprehensive, Systemic Perspective Addressing biolog ...