K. Lutz, M. Widmer
... cingulate cortex) increases when positive outcomes are given, relative to the situation when subjects are confronted with a loss. Importantly, these outcomes, due to the nature of the task, were unpredictable, so positive outcomes represent a positive prediction error. While Rogers et al26 only repo ...
... cingulate cortex) increases when positive outcomes are given, relative to the situation when subjects are confronted with a loss. Importantly, these outcomes, due to the nature of the task, were unpredictable, so positive outcomes represent a positive prediction error. While Rogers et al26 only repo ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Regulación de la plasticidad y de la capacidad
... memory, obesity associated to hyperphagia and increased excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons. In the long term, we also observed slow and progressive excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Overall, our results indicate that interfering with microRNA biogenesis causes an increase in neuronal responsiveness ...
... memory, obesity associated to hyperphagia and increased excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons. In the long term, we also observed slow and progressive excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Overall, our results indicate that interfering with microRNA biogenesis causes an increase in neuronal responsiveness ...
Vagal Ischemia Induced Lung Immune Component Infarct Following
... of efferent and afferent vagal reflex pathways that regulate respiration. The GPN, other lower cranial nerves and upper cervical spinal nerves are injured as well. Disruption extends into the cervical spinal canal, aggravating the mortal effects of SAH. These result in alteration in breathing patter ...
... of efferent and afferent vagal reflex pathways that regulate respiration. The GPN, other lower cranial nerves and upper cervical spinal nerves are injured as well. Disruption extends into the cervical spinal canal, aggravating the mortal effects of SAH. These result in alteration in breathing patter ...
Projections of the median raphe nucleus in the rat
... reticular formation, we (Vertes and Martin, 1988) examined the ascending projections of the MR to the diencephalon, basal forebrain, and hippocampal formation by using the autoradiographic technique. Although our report described projections to these regions, it also was incomplete in that certain a ...
... reticular formation, we (Vertes and Martin, 1988) examined the ascending projections of the MR to the diencephalon, basal forebrain, and hippocampal formation by using the autoradiographic technique. Although our report described projections to these regions, it also was incomplete in that certain a ...
Sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons are
... extratoes mutation. In P2-IRES-tau:LacZ mice, all olfactory neurons expressing the P2 odorant receptor gene express a fusion protein between tau and LacZ that allows the trajectory of their axons to be visualised by histochemical staining with X-gal. P2 neurons are located in a discrete semiannular ...
... extratoes mutation. In P2-IRES-tau:LacZ mice, all olfactory neurons expressing the P2 odorant receptor gene express a fusion protein between tau and LacZ that allows the trajectory of their axons to be visualised by histochemical staining with X-gal. P2 neurons are located in a discrete semiannular ...
Contents
... that the anatomical subdivisions will also provide a key to as yet unrecognized functional areas. That ‘cytoarchitectural differences reflect functional differences’ is a principle accepted now by every neuroanatomist: a cytoarchitectural difference in any nucleus is taken to reflect a functional di ...
... that the anatomical subdivisions will also provide a key to as yet unrecognized functional areas. That ‘cytoarchitectural differences reflect functional differences’ is a principle accepted now by every neuroanatomist: a cytoarchitectural difference in any nucleus is taken to reflect a functional di ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... forms in vivo near synapses to meet local energy demands and support synaptic function in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons. Under conditions of energy stress, glycolytic enzymes redistribute from a diffuse localization in the cytoplasm to a punctate localization adjacent to synapses. Glycolytic enzyme ...
... forms in vivo near synapses to meet local energy demands and support synaptic function in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons. Under conditions of energy stress, glycolytic enzymes redistribute from a diffuse localization in the cytoplasm to a punctate localization adjacent to synapses. Glycolytic enzyme ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... in Fig. 1, top) and 19 of 25 recurring seizures (76%, example in Fig. 11) had this pattern, which was revealed in filtered traces. Sometimes, recordings with macroelectrodes did not show this pattern, while local field potential recorded with a micropipette or cellular recordings did (see for exampl ...
... in Fig. 1, top) and 19 of 25 recurring seizures (76%, example in Fig. 11) had this pattern, which was revealed in filtered traces. Sometimes, recordings with macroelectrodes did not show this pattern, while local field potential recorded with a micropipette or cellular recordings did (see for exampl ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... can result in an increase in processing time, measures such as reading time, lexical decision and word monitoring latency all yield similar results for the two classes of violations. These and other limitations have led many investigators to supplement existing behavioural techniques with scalprecor ...
... can result in an increase in processing time, measures such as reading time, lexical decision and word monitoring latency all yield similar results for the two classes of violations. These and other limitations have led many investigators to supplement existing behavioural techniques with scalprecor ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
MODELING THE MIRROR: GRASP LEARNING AND ACTION
... DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................................................................iii ...
... DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................................................................iii ...
ARTICLE Hierarchy of orofacial rhythms revealed through whisking and breathing
... (Fig. 1b). To test whether whisking can also occur without breathing, we applied a puff of ammonia to the snout, which inactivates the central inspiratory drive19 (Supplementary Fig. 1) and temporarily inhibits respiration. Critically, rats can whisk during such a disruption in breathing (Fig. 1b), ...
... (Fig. 1b). To test whether whisking can also occur without breathing, we applied a puff of ammonia to the snout, which inactivates the central inspiratory drive19 (Supplementary Fig. 1) and temporarily inhibits respiration. Critically, rats can whisk during such a disruption in breathing (Fig. 1b), ...
Neurally Plausible Model of Robot Reaching Inspired by Infant
... inputs during our weekly meetings. I appreciate that he would always answer my questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback o ...
... inputs during our weekly meetings. I appreciate that he would always answer my questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback o ...
Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain
... The symptoms and signs of severe tinnitus and chronic pain have many similarities and similar hypotheses have been presented regarding how the symptoms are generated . Pain and tinnitus have many different forms. The severity of the symptoms of both varies within wide limits, and it is not likely th ...
... The symptoms and signs of severe tinnitus and chronic pain have many similarities and similar hypotheses have been presented regarding how the symptoms are generated . Pain and tinnitus have many different forms. The severity of the symptoms of both varies within wide limits, and it is not likely th ...
Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis
... However, at the neurochemical level, the most widely accepted hypothesis concerns the depletion of monoamines, most notably of the indoleamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), in the brains of depressed patients. Indeed, conventional antidepressants that enhance 5-HT transmission, such as inhi ...
... However, at the neurochemical level, the most widely accepted hypothesis concerns the depletion of monoamines, most notably of the indoleamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), in the brains of depressed patients. Indeed, conventional antidepressants that enhance 5-HT transmission, such as inhi ...
Molecular and functional anatomy of the mouse olfactory epithelium
... sensory neurons are organized into a few regions or “zones” based on the spatially limited expression of odorant receptors. In this thesis the zonal division and functional specificity of olfactory sensory neurons have been studied in the mouse. We find that zones 2-4 show overlapping expression of ...
... sensory neurons are organized into a few regions or “zones” based on the spatially limited expression of odorant receptors. In this thesis the zonal division and functional specificity of olfactory sensory neurons have been studied in the mouse. We find that zones 2-4 show overlapping expression of ...
Axonally Synthesized ATF4 Transmits a Neurodegenerative Signal across Brain Regions Baleriola,
... Intra-Axonal Protein Synthesis and Retrograde Transport Are Sequentially Required for Neurodegeneration Triggered by Axonal Exposure to Ab1-42 Application of Ab1-42 to axons did not increase axonal fragmentation or cell death within 24 hr, and after 48 hr of Ab1-42 exposure the number of TUNEL-posit ...
... Intra-Axonal Protein Synthesis and Retrograde Transport Are Sequentially Required for Neurodegeneration Triggered by Axonal Exposure to Ab1-42 Application of Ab1-42 to axons did not increase axonal fragmentation or cell death within 24 hr, and after 48 hr of Ab1-42 exposure the number of TUNEL-posit ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.05% TWEEN 20), and incubated with rabbit polyclonal NGF antibody (1:500). The secondary antibody was goat-anti-rabbit AP conjugated (1:2000), and blots were visualized with Bio-Rad AP conjugate substrate kit. NGF immunofluorescence. Chicken brain sections of 12 ...
... Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.05% TWEEN 20), and incubated with rabbit polyclonal NGF antibody (1:500). The secondary antibody was goat-anti-rabbit AP conjugated (1:2000), and blots were visualized with Bio-Rad AP conjugate substrate kit. NGF immunofluorescence. Chicken brain sections of 12 ...
Aggression in Drosophila - American Psychological Association
... frames/s the image is blurred, and (e) attempts to grab onto the opponent. If the same animal lunges again during a fight, however, several or many of the motor sequences that make up the pattern may be omitted. The ability of animals to change patterns in this way makes good sense, as the success o ...
... frames/s the image is blurred, and (e) attempts to grab onto the opponent. If the same animal lunges again during a fight, however, several or many of the motor sequences that make up the pattern may be omitted. The ability of animals to change patterns in this way makes good sense, as the success o ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... analysis using total RNA in 1990. It was originally shown that the expression of AC3’s mRNA is limited to the olfactory epithelium [36]. AC3 was thereby initially thought to be an olfactoryspecific adenylyl cyclase. However, it was discovered two years later by Xia et al. that AC3 is not specific to ...
... analysis using total RNA in 1990. It was originally shown that the expression of AC3’s mRNA is limited to the olfactory epithelium [36]. AC3 was thereby initially thought to be an olfactoryspecific adenylyl cyclase. However, it was discovered two years later by Xia et al. that AC3 is not specific to ...
Why Are Olfactory Systems of Different Animals So Similar?
... pay little attention to evolutionary issues, and apparently assume that similarities in the development, anatomy, physiology, or behavior of different animals reflect basic principles of biology. Others assume that the features of interest arose once, perhaps in a distant ancestor of the animals bei ...
... pay little attention to evolutionary issues, and apparently assume that similarities in the development, anatomy, physiology, or behavior of different animals reflect basic principles of biology. Others assume that the features of interest arose once, perhaps in a distant ancestor of the animals bei ...
highlighted topics - American Journal of Physiology
... still-oscillating pacemaker (loss of the clock’s “hands” rather than damage to its “gears”). Given that monitoring the entire pacemaking mechanism is currently impossible, distinguishing between an arrested or uncoupled clock is best assayed from multiple outputs. On the other hand, alterations in t ...
... still-oscillating pacemaker (loss of the clock’s “hands” rather than damage to its “gears”). Given that monitoring the entire pacemaking mechanism is currently impossible, distinguishing between an arrested or uncoupled clock is best assayed from multiple outputs. On the other hand, alterations in t ...
PDF Full-text
... According to comparisons on the IFs primary structure in higher vertebrates, IFs have been grouped into six types or classes. Acidic and basic keratins have been catalogued into the I and II class, respectively. Class III is the most heterogeneous as it includes desmin, glial fibrillary acidic prote ...
... According to comparisons on the IFs primary structure in higher vertebrates, IFs have been grouped into six types or classes. Acidic and basic keratins have been catalogued into the I and II class, respectively. Class III is the most heterogeneous as it includes desmin, glial fibrillary acidic prote ...
Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Flexible Categorization
... tation (100 – 600 ms after sample onset), memory delay (300 –1100 ms 45, 46, and 12). Isolated neurons were not prescreened for task-related after sample offset), and test image presentation [100 ms after test onset activity such as stimulus or category sensitivity. Rather, we recorded to 2 SDs befo ...
... tation (100 – 600 ms after sample onset), memory delay (300 –1100 ms 45, 46, and 12). Isolated neurons were not prescreened for task-related after sample offset), and test image presentation [100 ms after test onset activity such as stimulus or category sensitivity. Rather, we recorded to 2 SDs befo ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... mice, the deficits in radial glial cells seen earlier in development were further exacerbated, with radial processes frequently turning perpendicular to, rather than extending radially towards, the pial surface (Fig. 1M, arrow). Furthermore, the disruption in the radial glial scaffold was also evide ...
... mice, the deficits in radial glial cells seen earlier in development were further exacerbated, with radial processes frequently turning perpendicular to, rather than extending radially towards, the pial surface (Fig. 1M, arrow). Furthermore, the disruption in the radial glial scaffold was also evide ...