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... of an atom is found in the nucleus. Adding up the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, you get the atom’s mass number (related to atomic mass and atomic weight). Atoms of the same element always have the same atomic number ( # of protons ), but may have different mass numbers. These are ca ...
... of an atom is found in the nucleus. Adding up the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, you get the atom’s mass number (related to atomic mass and atomic weight). Atoms of the same element always have the same atomic number ( # of protons ), but may have different mass numbers. These are ca ...
Alpha, beta and gamma radiation
... A serious difficulty is that beta particles emitted are shown to have a continuous range of energies up to some maximum value Emax. Except for the very small recoil energy of the proton, all of the available reaction energy should be given to the electron However we find that they all have less than ...
... A serious difficulty is that beta particles emitted are shown to have a continuous range of energies up to some maximum value Emax. Except for the very small recoil energy of the proton, all of the available reaction energy should be given to the electron However we find that they all have less than ...
The Atomic Zoo
... make a layer of phosphor scintillate. Nowadays, most wrist watches rely on a non-radioactive process for their glow. ...
... make a layer of phosphor scintillate. Nowadays, most wrist watches rely on a non-radioactive process for their glow. ...
theoretical physics in crisis
... particles dispose of many properties (charge, mass, spin, ability to interact with other particles) thanks to which they differ from one another, so they possess various qualities, manifesting them outwards. The deep internal reason for this miscellaneous qualitative manifestation of these quasi-ele ...
... particles dispose of many properties (charge, mass, spin, ability to interact with other particles) thanks to which they differ from one another, so they possess various qualities, manifesting them outwards. The deep internal reason for this miscellaneous qualitative manifestation of these quasi-ele ...
statpp2006
... • What is the size of uncertainty? • How to combine results from different runs? • Discovered something new? • If not discovery, what we can say from the experiment? Prescriptions to these problems often involve considerations based on statistics. ...
... • What is the size of uncertainty? • How to combine results from different runs? • Discovered something new? • If not discovery, what we can say from the experiment? Prescriptions to these problems often involve considerations based on statistics. ...
Solved Problems on the Particle Nature of Matter
... Given here are solutions to 5 problems on the particle nature of matter. The solutions were used as a learning-tool for students in the introductory undergraduate course Physics 200 Relativity and Quanta given by Malcolm McMillan at UBC during the 1998 and 1999 Winter Sessions. The solutions were pr ...
... Given here are solutions to 5 problems on the particle nature of matter. The solutions were used as a learning-tool for students in the introductory undergraduate course Physics 200 Relativity and Quanta given by Malcolm McMillan at UBC during the 1998 and 1999 Winter Sessions. The solutions were pr ...
Notes
... When certain metals are illuminated by light, they eject "photoelectrons." In the wave model of light, where energy was proportional to intensity squared, a brighter light should eject electrons that travel faster (from the extra energy). Instead, a brighter light just ejected more electrons with no ...
... When certain metals are illuminated by light, they eject "photoelectrons." In the wave model of light, where energy was proportional to intensity squared, a brighter light should eject electrons that travel faster (from the extra energy). Instead, a brighter light just ejected more electrons with no ...
1 Elementary Particle Mass-Radius Relationships S. Reucroft* and
... The photon might also be a fundamental particle. All other elementary particles are composite objects made of combinations of electrons and neutrinos bound by gravity. ...
... The photon might also be a fundamental particle. All other elementary particles are composite objects made of combinations of electrons and neutrinos bound by gravity. ...
Untitled
... The question now arises what determines the various forms of matter existing in dierent regimes. The answer to this question is found in the variety of forces at work in nature, the dierence in their strength and the corresponding dierence in the characteristic scales on which they act. At least ...
... The question now arises what determines the various forms of matter existing in dierent regimes. The answer to this question is found in the variety of forces at work in nature, the dierence in their strength and the corresponding dierence in the characteristic scales on which they act. At least ...
Introduction to Particle Physics for Teachers
... We see examples of attractive forces in everyday life (such as magnets and gravity), and so we generally take it for granted that an object's presence can just affect another object. It is when we approach the deeper question, "How can two objects affect one another without touching?" that we propos ...
... We see examples of attractive forces in everyday life (such as magnets and gravity), and so we generally take it for granted that an object's presence can just affect another object. It is when we approach the deeper question, "How can two objects affect one another without touching?" that we propos ...
穨 Ams1a
... By introducing a short- lived radioisotope into the pipes. The level of radioactivity on the ground surface can then be monitored. A sudden increase of surface radioactivity indicates that there is a leakage of underground pipes. iv) Efficiency of lubricating oils Engine wear can be measured by usin ...
... By introducing a short- lived radioisotope into the pipes. The level of radioactivity on the ground surface can then be monitored. A sudden increase of surface radioactivity indicates that there is a leakage of underground pipes. iv) Efficiency of lubricating oils Engine wear can be measured by usin ...
Some beautiful equations of mathematical physics
... Let us start with the general idea that a particle is a unit of matter of definite mass m and spin s. There are two classes of particles, the bosons with integer spin 0,1,2 . . . and the fermions with half-integer spin 1/2, 3/2 . . .. We now know that whether a particle is “elementary” is not an abs ...
... Let us start with the general idea that a particle is a unit of matter of definite mass m and spin s. There are two classes of particles, the bosons with integer spin 0,1,2 . . . and the fermions with half-integer spin 1/2, 3/2 . . .. We now know that whether a particle is “elementary” is not an abs ...
Chapter 3 – Atomic Theory
... An atomizer sprayed a fine mist of oil droplets into a chamber. Some of these tiny droplets fell through a hole in the upper floor. Millikan first let them fall until they reached terminal velocity. Using the microscope, he measured their terminal velocity, and by use of a formula, calculated the ma ...
... An atomizer sprayed a fine mist of oil droplets into a chamber. Some of these tiny droplets fell through a hole in the upper floor. Millikan first let them fall until they reached terminal velocity. Using the microscope, he measured their terminal velocity, and by use of a formula, calculated the ma ...
Why Does Space Exist?
... happens in particular in string theory, where such dualities mix perturbative and nonperturbative effects.” http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.04265 “Eisenstein series and automorphic representations” by Fleig, Gustafsson, Kleinschmidt, & Persson, 2015 Could time exist because 2^46 divides the order of the m ...
... happens in particular in string theory, where such dualities mix perturbative and nonperturbative effects.” http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.04265 “Eisenstein series and automorphic representations” by Fleig, Gustafsson, Kleinschmidt, & Persson, 2015 Could time exist because 2^46 divides the order of the m ...
Standard Model
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, as well as classifying all the subatomic particles known. It was developed throughout the latter half of the 20th century, as a collaborative effort of scientists around the world. The current formulation was finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and more recently the Higgs boson (2013), have given further credence to the Standard Model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is sometimes regarded as a ""theory of almost everything"".Although the Standard Model is believed to be theoretically self-consistent and has demonstrated huge and continued successes in providing experimental predictions, it does leave some phenomena unexplained and it falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions. It does not incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general relativity, or account for the accelerating expansion of the universe (as possibly described by dark energy). The model does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not incorporate neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses).The development of the Standard Model was driven by theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. For theorists, the Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, non-perturbative behavior, etc. It is used as a basis for building more exotic models that incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions, and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) in an attempt to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model, such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations.