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e + e
e + e

... • no further particle in a cone of half-angle 10o • if more than 1 photon, the one with largest energy is selected • all remaining particles  2 jets • Mjj  MZ (84 - 105 GeV) ...
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X - Read

Atomic Structure and Electronic Configurations
Atomic Structure and Electronic Configurations

... hydrogen nuclei from the collision between alpha particles and nitrogen gas. •  It was inferred that positively charged hydrogen nuclei must be present in all atoms. These fundamental particles were called protons. ...
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Symmetry: a bridge between nature and culture

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“Superstring theory” syndrome

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Collapse of virialised pebble clumps

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... asymmetry of the universe? • What can neutrinos reveal about the deep interior of the earth and sun, and about supernovae and other ultra high energy astrophysical phenomena? ...
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... Massive string/brane states exist which physically connect different gauge sectors ...
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1.4 Particle physics - McMaster Physics and Astronomy

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... • Energies in space plasmas go from electron Volts to kiloelectron Volts (1 keV = 103 eV) to millions of electron Volts (1 meV = 106 eV) • Cosmic ray energies go to gigaelectron Volts ( 1 GeV = 109 eV). ...
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Particle-in-Cell Plasma Simulation Model: Properties and Applications δ f R. D. Sydora

... overal shape of the echo amplitude is modified due to the poor statistical sampling of the perturbed distribution function. For N=256000 particles the echo pulse shape matched well with the N=2560000 case. 5.2 BGK modes One class of solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson system with zero electric field is ...
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... standing in certain spatiotemporal relations (see also Loewer, 1996; Esfeld, 2014). The particles do not have intrinsic properties, let alone categorical ones, and all non-modal facts about the world are just the positions of these particles. Mass enters the scene as part of the best system describi ...
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Stereological Techniques for Solid Textures

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Physics 2170 - University of Colorado Boulder

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URL - StealthSkater

... (a) TGD is not a manner to quantize GR but a completely different theory. In TGD, the abstract manifold geometry is replaced with much richer sub-manifold geometry. This leads to the unification of gravitation with other interactions. (b) First of all, this brings in the isometry group of compact s ...
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Search for effects related to Chiral Magnetic Wave at STAR

R.H. Austin, N. Darnton, R. Huang, J.C. Sturm, O. Bakajin, and T. Duke, "Ratchets: the problem with boundary conditions in insulating fluids," Appl. Phys. A 75, pp. 279-284 (2002).
R.H. Austin, N. Darnton, R. Huang, J.C. Sturm, O. Bakajin, and T. Duke, "Ratchets: the problem with boundary conditions in insulating fluids," Appl. Phys. A 75, pp. 279-284 (2002).

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Magnetic Force

... energies. In the areas of Particle and Nuclear Physics, one of the best ways we have to experimentally probe nuclei and produce exotic particles is with very high-energy particle collisions. For example, you could collide high energy protons. As you may recall from scattering problems from last seme ...
G. S. P. Castle. Contact Charging Between Particles: Some Current
G. S. P. Castle. Contact Charging Between Particles: Some Current

... terial. This is known as the Surface States theory of insulator charging which proposes that charges are exchanged between the surfaces in proportion to the difference between the effective work functions associated with the two materials. This theory has two limits; low and high density. For the fo ...
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... Most notably, the f ields that carry the three fundamental forces of the standard model of particle physics are gauge f ields: 1. Ordinary electromagnetism–considered without any magnetic charges– is a gauge theory of U (1)-symmetry-principal bundles with connection. 2. The f ields in the Yang-Mills ...
Physics 30 - Structured Independent Learning
Physics 30 - Structured Independent Learning

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Standard Model



The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, as well as classifying all the subatomic particles known. It was developed throughout the latter half of the 20th century, as a collaborative effort of scientists around the world. The current formulation was finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and more recently the Higgs boson (2013), have given further credence to the Standard Model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is sometimes regarded as a ""theory of almost everything"".Although the Standard Model is believed to be theoretically self-consistent and has demonstrated huge and continued successes in providing experimental predictions, it does leave some phenomena unexplained and it falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions. It does not incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general relativity, or account for the accelerating expansion of the universe (as possibly described by dark energy). The model does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not incorporate neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses).The development of the Standard Model was driven by theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. For theorists, the Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory, which exhibits a wide range of physics including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, non-perturbative behavior, etc. It is used as a basis for building more exotic models that incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions, and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) in an attempt to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model, such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations.
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