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CHEMISTRY SECTION
CHEMISTRY SECTION

... heart, skeletal muscle, brain, liver and lungs. Increases are usually found in cellular death and/or leakage from the cell or in some cases it can be useful in confirming myocardial or pulmonary infarction (only in relation to other tests). Decreased levels of the enzyme may be seen in cases of maln ...
Fetal Presentation
Fetal Presentation

... its duration can vary considerably among women. The first stage of labor is divided into three distinct phases: latent, active, and transition. Factors such as analgesia, maternal and fetal position, the woman’s body size and her level of physical fitness can also affect the length of labor. LATENT ...
NURSING CARE PLAN Deficient Fluid Volume
NURSING CARE PLAN Deficient Fluid Volume

... Hypernatremia, as a result of low fluid volume, creates a hypertonic vascular space, which causes water to move out of the cells, including brain cells. This accounts for neurologic symptoms. ...
Dr. Vincent Cheung - Managing Complications of Therapy in CKD
Dr. Vincent Cheung - Managing Complications of Therapy in CKD

... • Patient should weigh self daily, record weight and follow scale instructions • Once established need regular follow-up • Volume check to adjust target weight – Lean weight changes, constipation, amputation, hardware ...
AIP Chapter 7 - Infections, 4th Edition
AIP Chapter 7 - Infections, 4th Edition

... Postpartum infection also known as puerperal sepsis is an infection of the genital tract occurring at any time between the onset of rupture of membranes or onset of labor and the 42nd day post partum. Fever of >38.5ºC plus one or more of the following must be present: pelvic pain, abnormal discharge ...
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTYEM
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTYEM

... • More common in adults under sixty years of age • More common in women • High in individuals withdrawing from steroid therapy • Clients with AIDS • Clients on anti-coagulants ...
Vol 20 No 5 2014 (PDF 659Kb)
Vol 20 No 5 2014 (PDF 659Kb)

... women with epilepsy will have a normal pregnancy and delivery.1,2 Women with epilepsy who are pregnant should be seen in a multi-disciplinary environment which includes a neurologist and obstetrician.2 Maternal seizures, particularly generalised tonic-clonic, during pregnancy can cause harm to both ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
Peer-reviewed Article PDF

... which we had not previously experienced. We believe that at the time the O retractor was deployed, the resulting length of the plastic cylinder between the two semi rigid rings was shorter than the thickness of the abdominal wall at the level of the incision. We assume that this excessive tightness ...
training manual on hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
training manual on hypertensive disorders in pregnancy

... Women who have been diagnosed with either preeclampsia or gestational hypertension are at increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity including hypertension and coronary heart disease. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis 9 determined that the relative risks for hypertension were 3 ...
ALL NEW FOR 2005(6)! Fluids and Electrolytes Made Simple
ALL NEW FOR 2005(6)! Fluids and Electrolytes Made Simple

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- Indian Fertility Society
- Indian Fertility Society

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The Ohio Northern University Raabe College of Pharmacy
The Ohio Northern University Raabe College of Pharmacy

... suppressants are central nervous system stimulants that decrease appetite by causing a feeling of fullness. Some drugs in this class include diethylpropion (Tenuate), and phentermine (Adipex-P). Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), also a CNS stimulant, is approved only as adjunct treatment for obesity. T ...
Nur 4206 Management of patients with renal/urinary disorders
Nur 4206 Management of patients with renal/urinary disorders

... Azotemia and uremia are directly related to the rate of protein breakdown Dietary proteins are individualized to each patient. Is a catabolic state and if insufficient intake, patient may lose up to 0.5-1 pounds daily. Encourage high CHO. Protein needs for non-dialysis patients need 0.6g/kg of body ...
Pathogenesis of Acne
Pathogenesis of Acne

... months to a total cumulative dose of 120-150 mg/kg * 80% have long-term drug free remission * 20% require a second course * patients unable to take isotretinoin should be given topical therapy combined with systemic antibiotics or hormonal agents ...
Teaching Families to Keep Their Children S.A.F.E. From Obesity
Teaching Families to Keep Their Children S.A.F.E. From Obesity

... by providers is essential for fostering successful outcomes. Parents and their children should be helped to appreciate the chronic nature of the problem of obesity. Recidivism is common after weight loss. It is important that regular medical follow-up occur, not only to support progress made, but al ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, PHYSICAL
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, PHYSICAL

... ¾ Puberty begins at about 12 years of age. ¾ This process of growth entails cell division ...
Management of Sickle Cell Disease in Pregnancy
Management of Sickle Cell Disease in Pregnancy

... possible during antenatal care. Live attenuated vaccines should be deferred until after delivery. The development of multidisciplinary care seems to be associated with an improvement in maternal and fetal outcomes. The establishment of comprehensive sickle cell centres in the USA was associated with ...
Monitor VS
Monitor VS

... Describe left, right, and high output heart failure Describe causes, diagnostics, clinical manifestations, and compensatory mechanisms of left and right heart failure Describe common treatments for heart failure Describe & differentiate the various prototype medications used to enhance cardiac funct ...
Neeraj’s Step-3 Notes
Neeraj’s Step-3 Notes

... Psychomotor agitation + Delirium + Autonomic instability(raised BP/HR) + seizures = Delirium Tremens v/s Benzodiazepine withdrawl  Rx Supportive measures + Benzodiazepine/Cholrdiazepoxide ...
Fosinopril + HCTZ
Fosinopril + HCTZ

... of severe cirrhosis, concurrent therapy with fosinopril reduces diuretic-induced hypokalemia. The net effect of fosinopril sodium/HCTZ may be to elevate, reduce or leave serum potassium unchanged. Chloride deficit is generally mild and usually does not require treatment. Calcium excretion is decreas ...
Iliotibial Band Syndrome - Brigham and Women`s Hospital
Iliotibial Band Syndrome - Brigham and Women`s Hospital

... include improper training techniques, biomechanical abnormalities, increased running mileage, and muscle imbalance.2 It has been found that people with ITB syndrome have higher medial longitudinal arches and decreased ankle dorsiflexion ROM; demonstrate increased ankle pronation and increased rear f ...
Acute renal failure in pregnancy - Department of Critical Care
Acute renal failure in pregnancy - Department of Critical Care

... changes, with more dramatic and ubiquitous effects seen on the right side, particularly with advancing gestation (10, 11). These alterations are thought to be related to hormonal effects on ureteral smooth muscle and to external compression of the ureters at the pelvic brim (right greater than left) ...
Weight Gain - Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Weight Gain - Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences

... Educate the patient and carers on how to implement lifestyle changes. Patients are often economically disadvantaged and need low cost or no cost programs Caloric reduction diet of 5 or more servings of fresh food and vegetables daily and reduce saturated and trans fatty acid intake ≤ of total energy ...
emergencies in general practice
emergencies in general practice

... approach can be practised to increase speed and accuracy of the process but good clinical judgement is also required. Although described in sequence some of the steps will be taken simultaneously. The aim of good trauma care is to prevent early trauma mortality. Early trauma deaths occur because of ...
Mifepristone/misoprostol abortion protocol
Mifepristone/misoprostol abortion protocol

... Give medication and directions for misoprostol administration: Buccal administration: The patient will administer four 200-microgram misoprostol tablets, holding two in each cheek for 30 minutes and then swallowing them with a drink, at a convenient time 24-48 hours after taking mifepristone. Vagina ...
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Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy



Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus. They are physiological changes, that is, they are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal and respiratory changes that become very important in the event of complications. The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. The woman and the placenta also produce many hormones.The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus grows properly and receives adequate nutrition. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required.
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