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Marvelon Product Monograph
Marvelon Product Monograph

... myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, stroke, hepatic neoplasia and gallbladder disease, although the risk of serious morbidity and mortality is small in healthy women without underlying risk factors. The risk of morbidity and mortality increases significantly if associated with the presence of ot ...
Obstetric Cholestasis
Obstetric Cholestasis

... Obstetric cholestasis (OC) is a liver disorder that occurs during pregnancy. Sometimes referred to as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), it is a condition in which the flow of bile from the liver is reduced. This causes affected women to have an increase of chemicals, known as raised bile ...
Breast Reduction / Uplift Surgery
Breast Reduction / Uplift Surgery

... It is important that you try to completely stop smoking within at least 6-weeks of surgery and for at least 6weeks after surgery. The blood supply to healing tissues is reduced in smokers and severely reduced whilst smoking and for several hours afterwards. Poor blood supply may lead to tissue necro ...
Caesarean section
Caesarean section

... Use these as audit standards only and not to judge multidisciplinary team performance for any individual CS. [new 2011] Timing of antibiotic administration • Offer women prophylactic antibiotics at CS before skin incision. Inform them that this reduces the risk of maternal infection more than prophy ...
Insulin - Minerva
Insulin - Minerva

...  Currently limited to those with BMI >40  Will become more common ...
Septic Shock in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Septic Shock in Obstetrics and Gynecology

... infection. Pregnant women, with the enlargement of uterus, especially during the 3rd trimester, may cause stricture or even obstruction of the ureter, predisposing for the development of pyelonephritis. In addition, normal pregnancy is characterized by numerous changes in the hemostatic system, crea ...
Advanced Obstetrical Goals and Objectives
Advanced Obstetrical Goals and Objectives

... This advanced rotation is meant to provide you with the competencies required to meet the expectation of a Board Certified (Consultant) Anesthesiologist. The goal of the Advanced Obstetrical Anesthesia Rotation at the Indiana University School of Medicine is to train physicians to be competent and c ...
Preeclampsia as a Rare Cause of Hyponatremia
Preeclampsia as a Rare Cause of Hyponatremia

... hyponatremia are heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis and inappropriate administration of intravenous fluids [2]. In our patient, renal and non-renal causes were excluded with no medical history of cardiac, thyroid, liver or adrenal disease and having new-onset of proteinuria in the 34 ...
Routine Prenatal Care - Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement
Routine Prenatal Care - Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement

... copies may be provided to anyone involved in the medical group’s process for developing and implementing clinical guidelines; ...
Routine Prenatal Care Health Care Guideline
Routine Prenatal Care Health Care Guideline

... copies may be provided to anyone involved in the medical group’s process for developing and implementing clinical guidelines; ...
Applied epidural anatomy
Applied epidural anatomy

... Loss of resistance poorly appreciated as the ligamentum flavum is thin and soft.1 ‘Hanging drop’ method in the sitting position often employed. Depth of space only 1.5–2 mm at C7.1 Increases to 3–4 mm with neck flexion.3 Should be performed by the experienced practitioner only Kyphotic apex at T6. ...
Carena Jarding Dakota Wesleyan University 1.) The client
Carena Jarding Dakota Wesleyan University 1.) The client

... The Frank Starling principle says that in this situation, an increase in volume will lead to an increase in contractility, but only to a point. When the muscle fibers are stretched beyond the point of ideal overlap, contractility will decrease, and hence, cardiac output will likely decrease as well. ...
lamotrigine
lamotrigine

... 13. Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia). The Australian categorisation system for prescribing medicines in pregnancy www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm ...
patient information booklet - University Hospitals Coventry and
patient information booklet - University Hospitals Coventry and

... womb implants outside the womb for reasons that are not clearly understood. It is found in different degrees of severity. Symptoms that are typically associated with endometriosis include painful periods, pain during intercourse and abdominal pain at other times of the monthly cycle. Some women with ...
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection During Pregnancy
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection During Pregnancy

... the women seronegative for HSV-2 during pregnancy, 10% will have an HSV-2 seropositive partner, putting them at risk for acquisition during pregnancy.2 The most recent NHANES data from 2005 to 2010 continue to show a decline in the seroprevalence of HSV-1 (53.9%) and HSV-2 (15.7%) in adults aged 14 ...
OBSTETRICS Maternal haemorrhage
OBSTETRICS Maternal haemorrhage

... of placenta praevia is painless vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester. The initial bleed is often mild. Diagnosis is usually made by ultrasound, followed by planned management by the obstetric service based on severity and fetal maturity.11 Ultimately, Caesarean section is the recomm ...
Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets USP, 0.15
Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets USP, 0.15

... Oral contraceptives may compound the effects of well-known risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemias, age and obesity. In particular, some progestogens are known to decrease HDL cholesterol and cause glucose intolerance, while estrogens may create a state of hyperinsulinism. Oral ...
Management of Vaginitis
Management of Vaginitis

... Common infectious forms of vaginitis include bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Vaginitis also can occur because of atrophic changes. Bacterial vaginosis is caused by proliferation of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and anaerobes. The diagnosis is based pri ...
Dr. Jack`s MedQuik Guide
Dr. Jack`s MedQuik Guide

... o Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type, Mild to Moderate o Dementia associated with Parkinson’s Disease (DPD), Mild to Moderate Mechanism of Action o Reversible inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase Alerts and Warnings o Gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, peptic ulcers, GI bleeding o Ane ...
CDC’s Interim Guidance on the Use of
CDC’s Interim Guidance on the Use of

... 19 y/o perinatally-infected male with a new girlfriend Sequential monotherapy, intermittent adherence, resistance  CD4 count: 110, HIV viral load 8,900 last month  On TDF/FTC, DRV/r, RAL x 6 months ...
Donor Sperm / Donor Insemination (DI) We welcome you to PREG`s
Donor Sperm / Donor Insemination (DI) We welcome you to PREG`s

... Documentation and timing of ovulation: It is important to establish your particular ovulatory pattern before proceeding with the actual inseminations. Women with regular cyclic menses are assumed to be ovulating. If you have irregular menstrual cycles, we may ask that you take your Basal Body Temper ...
HIV in Pregnancy : a review
HIV in Pregnancy : a review

... southern Africa, the prevalence of HIV in pregnant women is over 30%, while rates of new infections are rising in south-east Asia and the proportion of infections occurring in women is increasing in many developed countries. Women are particularly susceptible to HIV infection for both biological and ...
NaProTECHNOLOGY
NaProTECHNOLOGY

... had developed accidentally on a  staphylococcus culture plate and that the  mould had created a bacteria­free circle  around itself. He was inspired to further  experiment and he found that a mould  culture prevented growth of staphylococci,  even when diluted 800 times. He named the  active substan ...
Egg Donation
Egg Donation

... 1. Blood drawing and medication injections- mild discomfort and a risk of developing a bruise at the needle site. 2. Fertility drugs and other medications used to stimulate the ovaries may cause: a) Hyperstimulation - The fertility drugs/medications previously described may cause excessive ovarian ...
Plasmodium falciparum malaria and antimalarial
Plasmodium falciparum malaria and antimalarial

... should be appropriately treated within 24 hours of onset of symptoms (FMoH, 2000). CHALLENGES Many malaria endemic countries have guidelines for malaria preventive measures, particularly among the high risk groups (under five children and pregnant women). However, the effectiveness of these interven ...
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Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy



Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus. They are physiological changes, that is, they are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal and respiratory changes that become very important in the event of complications. The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. The woman and the placenta also produce many hormones.The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus grows properly and receives adequate nutrition. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required.
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