RICAPS CAP Template (v4) - San Mateo County Energy Watch
... To save money and promote green jobs - Residents, businesses, and government will reduce their utility costs through increased energy and water efficiency. A focus on efficiency creates job opportunities within the community that contribute to protecting our environmental resources. ...
... To save money and promote green jobs - Residents, businesses, and government will reduce their utility costs through increased energy and water efficiency. A focus on efficiency creates job opportunities within the community that contribute to protecting our environmental resources. ...
Emerging Markets for Carbon Stored by Northwest Forests
... typically apply to power plants, and some apply to industry and large commercial operations as well. These “cap-and-trade” systems are a modern form of environmental regulation which are being implemented in lieu of “command and control” technology regulation. Such market-based mechanisms for regula ...
... typically apply to power plants, and some apply to industry and large commercial operations as well. These “cap-and-trade” systems are a modern form of environmental regulation which are being implemented in lieu of “command and control” technology regulation. Such market-based mechanisms for regula ...
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... and externally stable with no country having an incentive to further participate. Moreover, we assume that the e¤ect of adaptation is local whereas the damage caused by emissions is global, in line with real examples of adaptive measures currently being undertaken by di¤erent countries. Our main co ...
... and externally stable with no country having an incentive to further participate. Moreover, we assume that the e¤ect of adaptation is local whereas the damage caused by emissions is global, in line with real examples of adaptive measures currently being undertaken by di¤erent countries. Our main co ...
Climate phoenix - Grattan Institute
... future emissions reduction targets. If they follow this roadmap, present and future governments will be able to meet their commitments to limit global warming while easing the cost and disruption to Australian households and businesses. The government’s current policies create incentives to reduce e ...
... future emissions reduction targets. If they follow this roadmap, present and future governments will be able to meet their commitments to limit global warming while easing the cost and disruption to Australian households and businesses. The government’s current policies create incentives to reduce e ...
Applied Energy - Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford
... 2010 and 2060 and find that the capital stock in 2010 entailed a commitment to a warming around 1.3!C above the pre-industrial era. Guivarch and Hallegatte [23] build upon these results by including non-CO2 greenhouse gases and inertia in transportation infrastructure to conclude that future climate ...
... 2010 and 2060 and find that the capital stock in 2010 entailed a commitment to a warming around 1.3!C above the pre-industrial era. Guivarch and Hallegatte [23] build upon these results by including non-CO2 greenhouse gases and inertia in transportation infrastructure to conclude that future climate ...
at least -48 - Monash University
... emphasised that the long history of appropriation of the atmospheric commons by industrialised nations has resulted in an infringement of their ‘sovereign right to develop’, and that developed states bear a responsibility for the climate damage they have wrought even if this was done unintentionally ...
... emphasised that the long history of appropriation of the atmospheric commons by industrialised nations has resulted in an infringement of their ‘sovereign right to develop’, and that developed states bear a responsibility for the climate damage they have wrought even if this was done unintentionally ...
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... of this year, it is worth looking at how global climate policy for agriculture might affect New Zealand’s agricultural industry. The importance of agriculture to NZ’s economy and our reliance on international commodity markets is particularly salient given the recent plunge in global dairy prices. I ...
... of this year, it is worth looking at how global climate policy for agriculture might affect New Zealand’s agricultural industry. The importance of agriculture to NZ’s economy and our reliance on international commodity markets is particularly salient given the recent plunge in global dairy prices. I ...
The Climate Co-benefits of Obesity Reduction
... However, the method through which they attribute this to higher GHG emissions is crude, at best. Michaelowa and Dransfeld (2008) also find that emissions from food production have increased, but do not establish a causal pathway to higher prevalence of obesity. Walpole et al. (2012) find that if all ...
... However, the method through which they attribute this to higher GHG emissions is crude, at best. Michaelowa and Dransfeld (2008) also find that emissions from food production have increased, but do not establish a causal pathway to higher prevalence of obesity. Walpole et al. (2012) find that if all ...
From Kyoto to Copenhagen - Law, Environment and Development
... one ton of CO2 eq. in developed countries, the same can be achieved in developing countries at the cheaper rate of US $15 per ton of CO2 eq.20 Thus, through the CDM, developed countries can achieve GHG mitigation in developing countries at costs three times cheaper than what would have been expended ...
... one ton of CO2 eq. in developed countries, the same can be achieved in developing countries at the cheaper rate of US $15 per ton of CO2 eq.20 Thus, through the CDM, developed countries can achieve GHG mitigation in developing countries at costs three times cheaper than what would have been expended ...
INSTITUTIONAL AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION A Thesis Presented
... with cap management, and the efficient allocation of resources to achieve least-cost emission reductions. How community characteristics in northern rural climates can encourage a significant shift towards alternative and sustainable transportation in northern rural climates is also unknown. This pro ...
... with cap management, and the efficient allocation of resources to achieve least-cost emission reductions. How community characteristics in northern rural climates can encourage a significant shift towards alternative and sustainable transportation in northern rural climates is also unknown. This pro ...
Why countries move on with kyoto protocol w/o the US, Global
... uncertain, that the protocol does not impose obligations on developing countries, and that it would be costly to the American economy. n1 The declaration came in spite of the fact that Washington played an important part in the development of the climate regime. For example, the design of the so-cal ...
... uncertain, that the protocol does not impose obligations on developing countries, and that it would be costly to the American economy. n1 The declaration came in spite of the fact that Washington played an important part in the development of the climate regime. For example, the design of the so-cal ...
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... reduction, the costs in FUND correspond closely to those reported by other top-down models, but for higher emission reduction, FUND finds higher costs, because FUND does not include ...
... reduction, the costs in FUND correspond closely to those reported by other top-down models, but for higher emission reduction, FUND finds higher costs, because FUND does not include ...
2 4 12.0107 Carbon - The Climate Institute
... the global climate. As a result, and on the back of more than a century of scientific research, there is intense interest in carbon: from scientists, economists, companies, governments and the community. There is no doubt that as carbon concentrations rise the world will warm. Scientists predict tha ...
... the global climate. As a result, and on the back of more than a century of scientific research, there is intense interest in carbon: from scientists, economists, companies, governments and the community. There is no doubt that as carbon concentrations rise the world will warm. Scientists predict tha ...
Environmental federalism - Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
... why given distributions of authority developed as they did—that is, how the interaction of economic and political forces results in the organization of authority that we observe. Setting aside for now the possible social gains from decentralization of authority, policy design will be an exercise in ...
... why given distributions of authority developed as they did—that is, how the interaction of economic and political forces results in the organization of authority that we observe. Setting aside for now the possible social gains from decentralization of authority, policy design will be an exercise in ...
An Analysis of Sweden`s Carbon Footprint
... yet. Industrialised countries need to be aware of this and make efforts to help reduce these emissions through mechanisms outlined in the Kyoto agreement. As the majority of emissions attached to Swedish imports are from the EU (40%), Sweden should continue to be a leader in sustainability policies ...
... yet. Industrialised countries need to be aware of this and make efforts to help reduce these emissions through mechanisms outlined in the Kyoto agreement. As the majority of emissions attached to Swedish imports are from the EU (40%), Sweden should continue to be a leader in sustainability policies ...
The PAGE09 Integrated Assessment Model: A Technical Description
... emissions of sulphates that cause cooling, are input as single projections over time, which do not vary across abatement scenarios. In PAGE09 the excess forcing from gases not explicitly modelled, and the sulphate emissions, are now allowed to vary by abatement policy, so that, for instance, the ...
... emissions of sulphates that cause cooling, are input as single projections over time, which do not vary across abatement scenarios. In PAGE09 the excess forcing from gases not explicitly modelled, and the sulphate emissions, are now allowed to vary by abatement policy, so that, for instance, the ...
Using the Kyoto Protocol as a stepping stone.
... even 268 new projects submitted in November 2011. In the beginning it took about a year from the start of the validation to get a CDM project registered, but after some criticism that non-additional projects were registered up to 70% of the CDM project went into the review cycle and other delays th ...
... even 268 new projects submitted in November 2011. In the beginning it took about a year from the start of the validation to get a CDM project registered, but after some criticism that non-additional projects were registered up to 70% of the CDM project went into the review cycle and other delays th ...
Corporate Responses in an Emerging Climate Regime
... Companies at the vanguard no longer question how much it will cost to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but how much money they can make doing it. Financial markets are starting to reward companies that are moving ahead on climate change, while those lagging behind are being assigned more risk. (Coga ...
... Companies at the vanguard no longer question how much it will cost to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but how much money they can make doing it. Financial markets are starting to reward companies that are moving ahead on climate change, while those lagging behind are being assigned more risk. (Coga ...
Good-Bye Kyoto - Carbon Market Watch
... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
Tradable Carbon Permit Auctions: How and Why to Auction Not Grandfather
... CO2 is the major current contributor to climate change.1 It is released whenever fossil fuels are burned and sequestered in the growth of trees. How can we reduce our consumption of fossil fuels at lowest cost? The major option for the United States, being discussed in Washington, is a tradable perm ...
... CO2 is the major current contributor to climate change.1 It is released whenever fossil fuels are burned and sequestered in the growth of trees. How can we reduce our consumption of fossil fuels at lowest cost? The major option for the United States, being discussed in Washington, is a tradable perm ...
The risks of relying on tomorrow`s `negative emissions` to guide
... should be among our top priorities.” This is especially so given that it is increasingly the case that policy-oriented documents (for example, UNEP 2015) and policy decisions (for example, UNFCCC 2015 see Section 4) assume the availability of negative emissions. For society to proceed now as if futu ...
... should be among our top priorities.” This is especially so given that it is increasingly the case that policy-oriented documents (for example, UNEP 2015) and policy decisions (for example, UNFCCC 2015 see Section 4) assume the availability of negative emissions. For society to proceed now as if futu ...
S2013034_en.pdf
... emissions restrictions or commitments further to the voluntary agreements. However, they have financial incentives to develop projects that reduce GHG emissions to receive carbon credits, which they can later sell to Annex I countries to help these countries achieve their GHG emissions targets. At t ...
... emissions restrictions or commitments further to the voluntary agreements. However, they have financial incentives to develop projects that reduce GHG emissions to receive carbon credits, which they can later sell to Annex I countries to help these countries achieve their GHG emissions targets. At t ...
ASELSAN 2014 CDP Report
... emissions for the Macunköy facility, due to the uncertainties related with the activity data and previously used emission factors, we have decided to take 2013 as the base year for Scope 1-2 and 3 GHG emissions. As 2013 is selected as the base year, all the emission reduction targets are set accordi ...
... emissions for the Macunköy facility, due to the uncertainties related with the activity data and previously used emission factors, we have decided to take 2013 as the base year for Scope 1-2 and 3 GHG emissions. As 2013 is selected as the base year, all the emission reduction targets are set accordi ...
3. estimated financial impact of the proposal/initiative
... This proposal also implements EU commitments under the Paris agreement on climate change. On 10 June 2016 the Commission presented a proposal for the EU to ratify the Paris agreement2. This proposal followed the Commission's assessment of the Paris agreement3. The European Council's guidance on incl ...
... This proposal also implements EU commitments under the Paris agreement on climate change. On 10 June 2016 the Commission presented a proposal for the EU to ratify the Paris agreement2. This proposal followed the Commission's assessment of the Paris agreement3. The European Council's guidance on incl ...
slides - Harvard Kennedy School
... • Otherwise, announcements of distant future goals would not be credible, will not have the desired effects. – This framework—in providing for a decade-by-decade sequence of emission targets, each determined on the basis of a few principles and formulas— – is flexible enough to accommodate changes i ...
... • Otherwise, announcements of distant future goals would not be credible, will not have the desired effects. – This framework—in providing for a decade-by-decade sequence of emission targets, each determined on the basis of a few principles and formulas— – is flexible enough to accommodate changes i ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.