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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS STEP 1:​ ​Transcription
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS STEP 1:​ ​Transcription

... If the protein needs to have a specific sequence of amino acids,  then how does the tRNA know which amino acid to bring to the  ribosome?  ● There are only 20 different amino acids.   ● There are four different bases (A, U, C, G).   ● Each codon is made of 3 bases (letters).  ● That means there are  ...
Some transcription factors ("Enhancer
Some transcription factors ("Enhancer

... insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) inherited from one's father is active; that inherited from the mother is not — a phenomenon called imprinting. The mechanism: the mother's allele has an insulator between the IGF2 promoter and enhancer. So does the father's allele, but in his case, the insulator h ...
Why is DNA called the "blueprint of life"?
Why is DNA called the "blueprint of life"?

... Describe the three components of a nucleotide. Develop a model of the structure of a DNA molecule. Evaluate the contributions of Chargaff, Franklin, and Wilkins in helping Watson and Crick determine the double-helical structure of DNA. Relate the role of the base pairing rules to the structure of DN ...
MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE File
MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE File

... Here is a list by chapter of concepts and terminology that we have already discussed in class and that you should already know. Please use this guide as well as your individual chapter study guides, class notes, handouts, online activities, online videos, and past exams to review for the midterm. Th ...
Biotechnology - Genetic Engineering
Biotechnology - Genetic Engineering

... 3. Restriction enzyme “cuts” the DNA into many pieces every time it recognizes its specific recognition site. 4. Place DNA sample into the gel electrophoresis apparatus. 5. One end of apparatus is negative and the other is positive (like a battery). DNA is negative. ...
P310 Trypanosoma brucei PUF RNA binding proteins Katelyn Fenn
P310 Trypanosoma brucei PUF RNA binding proteins Katelyn Fenn

CH 14 EXTRA CREDIT Study Guide
CH 14 EXTRA CREDIT Study Guide

... 7. In blood, is it considered polygenic, multiple alleles, or dominant? 8. In order to get PKU, what must the parents be? 9. List all the genotypes and phenotypes of blood, not counting Rh. 10. In Huntington’s disease, the person usually is Hh but sometimes HH. What % of children will inherit Huntin ...
Genetics Vocab Cards
Genetics Vocab Cards

... The kinds of genes an individual carries ...
What is good about cystic fibrosis
What is good about cystic fibrosis

... What is good about cystic fibrosis? (Summary of the article by Paul M. Quinton, Current Biology, 1994, vol 4, No. 8, p. 742) The gene responsible (when mutated) for cystic fibrosis (CF) encodes the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR): a chloride channel regulated by both ATP a ...
Genotype - Net Start Class
Genotype - Net Start Class

... The kinds of genes an individual carries ...
06BIO201 Exam 2 KEY
06BIO201 Exam 2 KEY

... 5. Imagine you can eliminate any of the following components of eukaryotic transcription at will. Match the components listed below with the ultimate result of eliminating the component by putting the appropriate letter in the blank next to the component. ...
Natural Selection and Specation
Natural Selection and Specation

Chapter 14 Human Genetics
Chapter 14 Human Genetics

... 14.1 Human Chromosomes • Genome = the full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA • Karyotype = the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together ▫ Arranged in order of decreasing size ...
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes Guided Notes
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes Guided Notes

Chapter 14: Genes in Action
Chapter 14: Genes in Action

... either changes in DNA or changes in the results of genes ...
5`-cgaucggauccagcuggacgcuagcguaaaaaaaa-3`
5`-cgaucggauccagcuggacgcuagcguaaaaaaaa-3`

... to the progeny creating a recombinant DNA molecule. Platevector bacterial host on agar and allowcell time for multiple cell The is transformed into a host (bacteria) divisions to form a colony (clone). Each cell in the clone The bacteria replicates the vector contains one or more copies of the vecto ...
16.6 * Locating and Sequencing Genes
16.6 * Locating and Sequencing Genes

... template, countless nucleotides, and a good supply of the specific terminator nucleotide. Due to this, you get a variety of ‘partially completed’ DNA strands, because they have been ‘terminated’ at different points. ...
Lec 01 - History of Genetics... - Development of e
Lec 01 - History of Genetics... - Development of e

... pointed to DNA as the portion of chromosomes (and perhaps other nucleoproteins) that held genes. A focus on new model organisms such as viruses and bacteria, along with the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953, marked the transition to the era of molecular genetics. In the follow ...
HUMAN-CHIMP DNA
HUMAN-CHIMP DNA

... only 13 nucleotides, a far larger number of changes than would be expected had the mutations been the result of drift rather than selection. The location of enhancer activity highlights the importance of the difference. Our hands, with their opposable thumbs*, our feet, evolved for bipedal locomotio ...
Editorial: Modulating Prokaryotic Lifestyle by DNA
Editorial: Modulating Prokaryotic Lifestyle by DNA

Mutations - nimitz163
Mutations - nimitz163

... • What happens if powerful radiation, such as gamma radiation, hits the DNA of a nonreproductive cell, a cell of the body such as in skin, muscle, or bone? • If the cell’s DNA is changed, this mutation would not be passed on to offspring. • However, the mutation may cause problems for the individual ...
171392_ProteinSyn
171392_ProteinSyn

... other difference is that T is replaced with U in RNA. The RNA is formed by matching bases to the single strand of DNA. •mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores and goes to the Ribosome for Protein ...
GEN2MHG – MOLECULAR AND HUMAN GENETICS DNA is made
GEN2MHG – MOLECULAR AND HUMAN GENETICS DNA is made

DNA replication is molecular mechanism of
DNA replication is molecular mechanism of

Big Questions
Big Questions

... sperm ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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