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J Molecular Biology 307:939-949, 2001
J Molecular Biology 307:939-949, 2001

... representative structures. Each structure is colored differently with the protein backbones shown as strands and ligands shown as ``sticks'' with phosphate and sulfate groups, and an oxygen atom to be phosphorylated shown as spheres. The representative structures for different folds (Table 2) and th ...
Ambiguity aversion and familiarity bias
Ambiguity aversion and familiarity bias

... A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. The gene concept is an empirical construct preceding the molecular biology era and based on breeding experiments in plants (first by Gregor Mendel in 1866) and animals. At the beginning of the 20th century Mendel’s genes were identified with ...
Genetic Services-Intellectual Disability Project
Genetic Services-Intellectual Disability Project

... offers a number of advantages to FISH, principally in terms of cost and assay time, this may allow a broadening of referral criteria for patients with LD, and expand knowledge of subtelomeric abnormalities associated with this condition. In essence, the evaluation was aimed at determining whether ML ...
Molecular Analysis of the Coprinus cinereus Mating Type A Factor
Molecular Analysis of the Coprinus cinereus Mating Type A Factor

... We initially transformed with poolsof DNA composed of 96 clones from microtiter plates and once A was located in plate 203, used the “elimination” scheme of METZENBERG and KANG(1987) to locate the A clone. Because plate 203 had 2 clones of A , an incorrect well (A2) was indicated by the results of t ...
Advanced Next Gen Sequence Alignment
Advanced Next Gen Sequence Alignment

... •   Click on the Align button. The alignment starts and the progress dialog is displayed. Please be patient. This will take some time to run (depending on the amount of RAM you have installed). The progress dialog will be automatically dismissed once the alignment has finished. •   Back in the Exte ...
Expression and purification of proteins using Strep
Expression and purification of proteins using Strep

Meiosis and mitosis - The Open University
Meiosis and mitosis - The Open University

... handed down from generation to generation. Such characters are said to be inherited characters (or heritable characters) and are determined by genes. A gene can be considered as a unit of inheritance, which determines a particular character and which is passed on from parent to offspring. Genes main ...
Gene Flow and Natural Selection in Oceanic
Gene Flow and Natural Selection in Oceanic

... et al. 1985; Serjeantson 1985; O’Shaughnessy et al. 1990; Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994; Martinson 1996; Serjeantson and Gao 1996). Therefore, analyses using a large number of autosomal loci are required for further elucidation. The first settlers of Oceania, that is, indigenous Melanesians and Austral ...
A gene for the suppression of anchorage independence is located in
A gene for the suppression of anchorage independence is located in

... chromosomes. From the viewpoint of refined chromosome identification, interspecific hybrids should be a much more workable material, but in this case, there is often the disadvantage of karyotype instability in the hybrids and selective loss of chromosomes from one of the parental species. In the pr ...
國立清華大學 - 罕見疾病基金會
國立清華大學 - 罕見疾病基金會

... mitochondrial matrix. The NDUFS7 was suppressed in human T-REx-293 cells using the RNA interference (RNAi) technology. The reduction in the NDUFS7 expression caused a slow growth rate in galactose containing medium and increased H2O2 generation. These results indicated that NDUFS7 may play an import ...
Prions: an evolutionary perspective
Prions: an evolutionary perspective

... which is currently favoured by most researchers in the field— receives support from other observations, mainly genetic. Knock-out (KO) transgenic mice, which do not express the PrP gene, are viable [4]. In fact, despite its ubiquitous localization—mainly in the brain, but also in other organs— the f ...
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

... Drosophila melanogaster – some genes do not assort independently • F2 phenotype ratios are not 9:3:3:1 • F1 test cross ratios are not 1:1:1:1 –more parental combinations appear than are expected –fewer recombinant combinations appear than are expected ...
Genetics Tutorial
Genetics Tutorial

... Figures and images by N. Wheat unless otherwise noted. Funded by Title V-STEM grant P031S090007. ...
Increasing the denaturation temperature during the first cycles of
Increasing the denaturation temperature during the first cycles of

... mutation, this random failure of amplification of one of the alleles, allele dropout (ADO), would not result in a serious misdiagnosis since CF is autosomal recessive. For compound heterozygotes or autosomal dominant conditions, however, this could result in the transfer of an affected embryo. Altho ...
Computer-based analyses of the protein constituents
Computer-based analyses of the protein constituents

... surface of the cytoplasmic membrane by energy-dependent processes where they are joined (Mulford & Osborn, 1983 ;McGrath & Osborn, 1991 ;Reeves, 1993 ; Kido et al., 1995). In other cases, it seems that the entire LPS is assembled at the cytoplasmic face of the cytoplasmic membrane and then transloca ...
Ontogenetic Changes in the Rates of Protein Synthesis and
Ontogenetic Changes in the Rates of Protein Synthesis and

... The present study applies tracer methodology to the investigation of fetal leucine metabolism at midgestation (73-88 days), a time when the fetus is only 5-10% of its birth weight. We focused attention on the essential amino acid leucine for two reasons: 1) it has dual importance as a constituent of ...
Sequence Information Encoded in DNA that May Influence Long
Sequence Information Encoded in DNA that May Influence Long

... cell type may have different chromatin structures from those $300 kb regions that do produce transcripts. This size should be large enough to form relatively stable higher-order chromatin structures, if such structures exist. We flagged only those 300 kb regions that were annotated to have no gene o ...
Biogenesis of trans-acting siRNAs, endogenous
Biogenesis of trans-acting siRNAs, endogenous

... are promptly degraded by XRN4, which is a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease, and other unidentified RNases (Souret et al., 2004). Thus, the stabilization of the cleavage fragments generated by miR390 or 22 nt miRNA-containing RISCs is important for subsequent steps. The 5′ and 3′ miR173cleaved fragments accumula ...
Annex 1
Annex 1

... (iv) "amino acids" are those L-amino acids commonly found in naturally occurring proteins and are listed in paragraph 48, table 3. Those amino acid sequences containing at least one D-amino acid are not intended to be embraced by this definition. Any amino acid sequence that contains post-translatio ...
Gene Section SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction. - Acts as a cytokine involved in enhancing production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 and reducing production of interleukin-10 and is essential in the pathway that leads to type I immunity. - Participates ...
Spectrum of [beta] thalassemia mutations and HbF levels in the
Spectrum of [beta] thalassemia mutations and HbF levels in the

... chromosomes, normal or ␤ thal, in linkage disequilibrium with XmnI (+). As the same association had been previously observed in normal and in ␤ thal chromosomes carrying the Mediterranean haplotype III, IV, or IX, the ␤ thal chromosomes were classified as having 5⬘ subhaplotype class A [1]. The rema ...
Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

... Although this topology can ensure that ...
Transcription
Transcription

... metabolic activities. In present day cells, DNA stores information and proteins perform catalysis, with RNA as the intermediate between DNA and protein. One can imagine a time when there was no DNA or protein, just RNA performing both functions: this is the RNA World hypothesis. • Very long ago, at ...
Green Fluorescent Protein
Green Fluorescent Protein

... and cost effective when compared to the other classical reporter genes like lacZ and GUS. Many spectral variants of GFP are now available, and therefore it is possible to label different proteins, in different colors, inside the same cell. GFP can also be used as an active tool in finding the dynami ...
Pairing of homologous regions in the mouse genome is associated
Pairing of homologous regions in the mouse genome is associated

... Although somatic homologous pairing is common in Drosophila it is not generally observed in mammalian cells. However, a number of regions have recently been shown to come into close proximity with their homologous allele, and it has been proposed that pairing might be involved in the establishment o ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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