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Microbial Genetics
Microbial Genetics

... Structure is typically single-stranded; hiwever, there may be internal complementary regions within an RNA strand that can form double-stranded “hairpin loops” (C to G; A to U) An RNA strand can also form a double-stranded structure with a DNA strand; in this case, the U on the RNA will base-pair wi ...
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Chapter 4

... • Polypeptides are generally coded by sequences in nonrepetitive DNA. • Larger genomes within a taxon do not contain more genes, but have large amounts of repetitive DNA. • A large part of moderately repetitive DNA may be made up of transposons. ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA Technology

... promoters upstream of cloning sites for expression of genetic info encoded by DNA fragment ...
Review 1 - LFHS AP Biology
Review 1 - LFHS AP Biology

... 29. If a population at equilibrium has 390 out of 12000 individuals showing a recessive trait, what percent will be homozygous dominant for the trait? _______ What percent will be heterozygous? _______ What is the frequency of the dominant allele? ________ ...
Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Practical Applications of DNA Technology

...  Yeast cells—contain plasmids therefore they can replicate in either F. There are more aggressive techniques for inserting foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells:  Electroporation—brief electric pulse applied to a cell solution causes temporary holes in the plasma membrane—DNA can enter.  With thin ne ...
The Kruppel-Like Factor 14 (KLF14)
The Kruppel-Like Factor 14 (KLF14)

... The increasing global prevalence of T2DM is also tied to rising rates of obesity [3]. It is commonly said that diabetes runs in the family because people do not run and points to these diseases as being multifactorial in which environmental triggers interact with genetic variants in the predispositi ...
Biotechnology
Biotechnology

... Genetic Engineering  Genetic engineering involves manipulating genes for practical purposes – Gene cloning leads to the production of multiple identical copies of a gene-carrying piece of DNA – Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA sequences from two different sources ...
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Developmental genetics of ribosome synthesis

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DNA Repair and Genomic Instability

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Prokaryotes: genome size: ? gene number: ? Eukaryotes single

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Supplementary Information (docx 341K)

... Supplementary Figure 1. Topologically associating domains (TADs) disrupted by DGAP242’s chromosomal translocation and genes predicted to show haploinsufficiency (HI). The top row is the chromosome section, containing the banding patterns of the 6 Mb chromosome region surrounding the breakpoint (red ...
DNA WebQuest
DNA WebQuest

... Click on “What is a chromosome?” at the top and go through the animation. Answer the questions. 36. How long would the DNA in one human cell be? 37. How is DNA packaged to fit into the small space of a cell nucleus? 38. How many chromosomes are in a human cell? 39. Why are there “pairs” of chromosom ...
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... (A) Nonhomologous end-joining alters the original DNA sequence when repairing broken chromosomes. These alterations can be either deletions (as shown) or short insertions. (B) Homologous end-joining is more difficult to accomplish, but is much more precise. ...
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... Using dye-labeled nucleotides, scientists can stop replication at any point along a single DNA strand. The fragments can then be separated by size using gel electrophoresis and “read,” base-by-base. The Human Genome Project was a 13-year international effort to sequence all 3 billion base pairs in h ...
Chapter 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Chapter 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

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Biology EOC Review
Biology EOC Review

... We study an organisms habitat, niche, and trophic level Populations – are members of the same species living in the same place at the same time with the potential to interbreed Population growth – exponential (J-shape) and logistic (S-Shape) * Limited by factors like disease and competition that are ...
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NUS Presentation Title 2006

... • No two people with same phenotype will have the same set of causative variations • SNPs >0.05 in populations: ...
KARYOTYPES & THE HUMAN GENOME
KARYOTYPES & THE HUMAN GENOME

... (stem cells) can be manipulated with the hopes of one day curing diseases & disorders, however many people fear that cloning, harvesting stem cells from fertilized cells and other such genetic manipulations will result in a self-engineered society. ...
Title goes here
Title goes here

... 1. Problems of metagenomic data (metagenomic data is the problem) (see IMG/M -> Using IMG/M -> About IMG/M -> Background for definitions) ...
XL-I
XL-I

... PCR was performed using primer pair P1 and P3 in one vial and P2 and P4 in another vial. The purified PCR products from the two vials were mixed and subjected to another round of PCR with primers P1 and P4. The final PCR product will correspond to a (A) 1.2 kb wild type DNA (B) 1.2 kb DNA with two p ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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