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... sequenced (Coil et al., 2014), and a number of potentially useful enzymes including amylase (Fukusumi et al., 1988; Horinouchi et al., 1988), xylanases (Gibbs et al., 1995; Morris et al., 1998), a mannanase (Gibbs et al., 1999) and an endoglucanase (Shi et al., 2013) have been cloned and characteriz ...
- The Boyle Lab
- The Boyle Lab

... a catalog of the large number of individual variations present in the human genome (The International HapMap Consortium 2005, 2007; The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium 2010). Many of these variants are expected to be responsible for normal and disease phenotypes. Similarly, large, genome-wide associ ...
Characterisation and functional properties of watermelon (Citrullus
Characterisation and functional properties of watermelon (Citrullus

... 5, indicating that other oilseed proteins have isoelectric points similar to those of the watermelon seed proteins studied here. The maximum protein solubility in alkaline conditions may be attributed to the higher levels of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Among the protein fractions, albumin showe ...
Performance Comparison of Two Gene Set Analysis Methods for
Performance Comparison of Two Gene Set Analysis Methods for

... second-best one [4]. We compared the distribution of gene scores that were calculated based on the best and the second-best p-values using a high-volume scatter plot that represented the local density of points by a false color representation (Fig. 1). One may notice the densely populated points alo ...
Binding of the EcoRII methyltransferase to 5
Binding of the EcoRII methyltransferase to 5

Global Transposon Mutagenesis and a Minimal Mycoplasma Genome
Global Transposon Mutagenesis and a Minimal Mycoplasma Genome

... to the species-specific insertions in M. pneumoniae, insertions were observed widely distributed throughout the shared regions of both genomes. The conspicuous absence of transposon insertions into certain regions expected to be essential—for example, the region containing a cluster of ribosomal gen ...
Investigating protein conformation-based inheritance
Investigating protein conformation-based inheritance

... fusion proteins were to switch states, the functional domains could remain active because their substrates and products are freely di¡usible. Therefore, transcriptional factors or other proteins that require speci¢c localization or assembly for their activities make better candidates for the creatio ...
Molecules derived from Amino Acids
Molecules derived from Amino Acids

Gene Section JUND (proto-oncogene) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Gene Section JUND (proto-oncogene) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

... JUND is a member of the JUN family of basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA-binding proteins. Analysis of the protein expression levels demonstrated an opposite expression pattern between JUN and JUND. When cells entry into the G0 phase of the cell cycle by serum starvation, JUN level decreases and ...
Analysis of mRNA - quantitation (contd)
Analysis of mRNA - quantitation (contd)

... Comparative genomics (contd) • Genes with very different functions can be related – 3-D structure may indicate that proteins are related (evolved from the same ancestral protein) but sequence identity too low to detect • Expected when genes diverge from a distant common ancestor • < 20% amino acid ...
Physiology 8 Endocrine and Gastroenterology
Physiology 8 Endocrine and Gastroenterology

... Regarding the basal metabolic rate, which of the following is TRUE? a) it is measured in the absence of disease, at room temperature, within 12 hours of a meal with a Benedict apparatus and the subject asleep b) it increases 24% per degree Celsius of body temperature above 37° c) it is decreased dur ...
Supplementary Figure Legends - Word file
Supplementary Figure Legends - Word file

... silenced due to the interaction of silencing factors with cis-acting var promoter elements. Activation of the episomal upsC promoter (orange) is only possible if the episome occupies an exclusive var transcription site (position 3) that is associated with the active chromosomeend cluster at the nucl ...
Chapter 13 Lecture Notes: Peptides, Proteins
Chapter 13 Lecture Notes: Peptides, Proteins

... the noncovalent interactions that are responsible for each level of structure. 12. Explain what is meant by the term denaturatio and list the ways to denature a protein. 13. Understand the difference between globular, fibrous, and membrane proteins. 14. Compare and contrast simple proteins and conju ...
Scoring Guidelines - Ohio Assessment Systems
Scoring Guidelines - Ohio Assessment Systems

... Life is specified by genomes. Each organism has a genome that contains all of the biological information needed to build and maintain a living example of that organism. The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is divided into discrete units c ...
Nat. Struct. Biol. 8, 192-194.
Nat. Struct. Biol. 8, 192-194.

... Fig. 1 Effects of insulators on enhancer–promoter interactions. The diagrams represent a generic gene, depicted in blue, with a series of proteins forming the transcription complex present in the promoter region. Two enhancers, named Enhancer1 and Enhancer2, serve as binding sites for transcription ...
Somatotropic axis
Somatotropic axis

... • Mediated by Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) – Two types • IGF-I • IGF-II ...
Supporting information. Rat urinary glycoprotein identified from
Supporting information. Rat urinary glycoprotein identified from

... molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-a ...
What Darwin didn`t know: Mendel and basic genetics Extending
What Darwin didn`t know: Mendel and basic genetics Extending

... What Mendel didn’t know: Chromosomes and recombination ...
Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex
Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex

... The sequence of the human gene showed minor variations from that of the previously published cDNAs.11,12 This variation is in accordance with direct demonstration of polymorphic variations in the human DLST gene, in several populations.13–18 Intron 1 is G+C rich. The sequence encoded by exons 8 and ...
Mitochondrial DNA and aging
Mitochondrial DNA and aging

... because they affect cellular energetics as a whole. Several lines of evidence indirectly implicate mtDNA in longevity. The Framingham Longevity Study of Coronary Heart Disease has indicated that longevity is more strongly associated with age of maternal death than that of paternal death, suggesting ...
Price, DK, Zhang, F, Ashley, CT and Warren, ST: The chicken FMR1 gene is highly conserved containing a CTT 5\' untranslated repeat and encodes an RNA-binding protein. Genomics 31:3-12 (1996).
Price, DK, Zhang, F, Ashley, CT and Warren, ST: The chicken FMR1 gene is highly conserved containing a CTT 5\' untranslated repeat and encodes an RNA-binding protein. Genomics 31:3-12 (1996).

... frequent inherited form of mental retardation. Fragile X syndrome segregates as an X-linked dominant disorder with reduced penetrance and has been mapped to the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene located at human Xq27.3 (Warren and Ashley, 1995; Warren and Nelson, 1994). FMR1 contains a (CGG)n ...
Iron-Binding Activity of FutA1 Subunit of an ABC
Iron-Binding Activity of FutA1 Subunit of an ABC

... (Frost and Rosenberg 1973, Staudenmaier et al. 1989). Ferric citrate passes across the outer membrane through the FecA protein localized in the outer membrane. Synechocystis does not possess a homologue of fecA, although the homologues of fecB, C, D, and E have been identified in its genome (Kaneko ...
Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)
Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)

... EST clustering consists in incorporating overlapping ESTs which tag the same Transcript of the same gene in a single cluster For clustering, we measure the similarity (distance) between any 2 sequences. The distance is then reduced to a simple binary value: - accept or reject two sequences in the sa ...
Finding of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein coding
Finding of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein coding

... 2007). The most recent biotechnological applications in this genus include the development of recombinant fungal immunomodulatory proteins (Bastiaan-Net et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2013) and nanoparticle mycosynthesis for the directed modulation of antibiotic and antimicrobial (Karwa et al., 2011) a ...
Microsoft Word 97
Microsoft Word 97

... The production of individual organisms from previously existing ones is discussed in various areas of biology courses. Some forms of reproduction have new individuals developing from some part of the body or cell of one parent. In these asexual forms of reproduction, there are high degrees of simila ...
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Point mutation



A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA. The term frameshift mutation indicates the addition or deletion of a base pair. A point mutant is an individual that is affected by a point mutation.Repeat induced point mutations are recurring point mutations, discussed below.
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