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... be established, using a combination of enzymes found in various diverse, unrelated organisms. These novel pigmentation pathways can then lead to the expression of blue or black pigments that have never before been found in any flower. ...
... be established, using a combination of enzymes found in various diverse, unrelated organisms. These novel pigmentation pathways can then lead to the expression of blue or black pigments that have never before been found in any flower. ...
Protein structural class prediction using predicted secondary
... In the fast paced scientific world, the amount of biological data is already vast and continues to grow rapidly. These data are handled by applications developed in the field of bioinformatics. In this field of science, the discipline of biology, computer science, and information technology merge to ...
... In the fast paced scientific world, the amount of biological data is already vast and continues to grow rapidly. These data are handled by applications developed in the field of bioinformatics. In this field of science, the discipline of biology, computer science, and information technology merge to ...
Active repressors
... Most tissue-specific genes are set up to be repressed at an early stage of development and they too are maintained in this form in almost all cell types, only undergoing reactivation in their tissues of expression. ...
... Most tissue-specific genes are set up to be repressed at an early stage of development and they too are maintained in this form in almost all cell types, only undergoing reactivation in their tissues of expression. ...
A systematic screen for tube morphogenesis and branching genes in the Drosophila tracheal system. PLoS Genetics 7: e1002087.
... secondary, and terminal branching, branch fusion, and tube size control [11,28]. Mapping and molecular characterization of these genes identified many components and modulators of the Breathless FGFR signaling pathway. These include Branchless FGF, which activates Breathless FGFR and plays a central ...
... secondary, and terminal branching, branch fusion, and tube size control [11,28]. Mapping and molecular characterization of these genes identified many components and modulators of the Breathless FGFR signaling pathway. These include Branchless FGF, which activates Breathless FGFR and plays a central ...
The stability and nuclear localization of the transcription factor RAP2
... with a subsequent reduction in ATP availability. Concomitantly, the metabolism of storage products such as starch, proteins and lipids is reduced (Geigenberger 2003). Moreover, energy-saving pathways are favoured over those that are more expensive in terms of ATP (Bologa et al. 2003). When oxygen be ...
... with a subsequent reduction in ATP availability. Concomitantly, the metabolism of storage products such as starch, proteins and lipids is reduced (Geigenberger 2003). Moreover, energy-saving pathways are favoured over those that are more expensive in terms of ATP (Bologa et al. 2003). When oxygen be ...
DROSOPHILA: GENETICS MEETS BEHAVIOUR
... analysis? Because they carry subtle alterations in a gene, such as HYPOMORPHIC MUTATIONS, that probably allow them to survive in nature. By comparison, single-gene mutant studies have shown that when null alleles are generated they often cause pleiotropic effects and so produce unrelated phenotypes ...
... analysis? Because they carry subtle alterations in a gene, such as HYPOMORPHIC MUTATIONS, that probably allow them to survive in nature. By comparison, single-gene mutant studies have shown that when null alleles are generated they often cause pleiotropic effects and so produce unrelated phenotypes ...
Practical part
... where X - quantity of pyruvate in g, 2 - Coefficient for calculation for an hour of incubation, 10 - Coefficient for calculation for 1 ml of serum, 88 - Molecular weight of pyruvate. Clinical diagnostic significance. In human body the process of transamination occurs in the liver, hear, skeletal mu ...
... where X - quantity of pyruvate in g, 2 - Coefficient for calculation for an hour of incubation, 10 - Coefficient for calculation for 1 ml of serum, 88 - Molecular weight of pyruvate. Clinical diagnostic significance. In human body the process of transamination occurs in the liver, hear, skeletal mu ...
The investigation of enzymes structure, physical
... include serving as carriers of vitamins, oxygen, and carbon dioxide plus structural, kinetic, catalytic, and signaling roles. It thus is not surprising that dire consequences can arise from mutations either in genes that encode proteins or in regions of DNA that control gene expression. Consequences ...
... include serving as carriers of vitamins, oxygen, and carbon dioxide plus structural, kinetic, catalytic, and signaling roles. It thus is not surprising that dire consequences can arise from mutations either in genes that encode proteins or in regions of DNA that control gene expression. Consequences ...
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP2
... and Drosophila melanogaster, transition from the mitotic cell cycle into the endoreduplication cycle has been suggested to involve nothing more than loss of M-phase CDK activity (Edgar and Orr-Weaver, 2001; Larkins et al., 2001). A similar mechanism probably operates in plant cells because the onset ...
... and Drosophila melanogaster, transition from the mitotic cell cycle into the endoreduplication cycle has been suggested to involve nothing more than loss of M-phase CDK activity (Edgar and Orr-Weaver, 2001; Larkins et al., 2001). A similar mechanism probably operates in plant cells because the onset ...
Low Levels of Nucleotide Diversity at Homoeologous Adh Loci in
... Levels and patterns of genetic diversity vary greatly within and among populations and species. This variation reflects the interplay of myriad historical factors and evolutionary forces, involving external forces such as natural selection, population size and history, gene flow, and breeding system ...
... Levels and patterns of genetic diversity vary greatly within and among populations and species. This variation reflects the interplay of myriad historical factors and evolutionary forces, involving external forces such as natural selection, population size and history, gene flow, and breeding system ...
The Maternal Gene skn.1 Encodes a Protein That Is Distributed
... cleavage rate, and mitotic spindle orientation. Reproducible differences in the fates of these blastomeres were first described almost 100 years ago. For example, limited cell lineage studies suggested that only the posterior blastomere produces intestinal cells in the nematode Parascaris (Boveri, 1 ...
... cleavage rate, and mitotic spindle orientation. Reproducible differences in the fates of these blastomeres were first described almost 100 years ago. For example, limited cell lineage studies suggested that only the posterior blastomere produces intestinal cells in the nematode Parascaris (Boveri, 1 ...
Sarah Pulliam
... cycle is stopped temporarily and the DNA is repaired, or, if the DNA cannot be repaired, then cell apoptosis (cell death) and cell senescence are induced. Multiple checkpoints exist throughout the cell cycle. At any of these points, the p53 gene can initiate cell arrest or apoptosis (Cummings et al. ...
... cycle is stopped temporarily and the DNA is repaired, or, if the DNA cannot be repaired, then cell apoptosis (cell death) and cell senescence are induced. Multiple checkpoints exist throughout the cell cycle. At any of these points, the p53 gene can initiate cell arrest or apoptosis (Cummings et al. ...
The Diversity of Lysine-Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia coli
... and this modification regulates diverse protein properties including DNA-protein interactions, subcellular location, transcription activity, and protein stability [9, 13-15, 22]. Recently, it has been reported that lysine acetylation and its regulatory enzymes are intimately linked to aging and seve ...
... and this modification regulates diverse protein properties including DNA-protein interactions, subcellular location, transcription activity, and protein stability [9, 13-15, 22]. Recently, it has been reported that lysine acetylation and its regulatory enzymes are intimately linked to aging and seve ...
The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous
... category are better than others. Third, there is no good basis for conparison between species because the proportional division of the codon table into the two categories may differ; e.g., Ikemura (1) identified 21 optimal codons for 14 amino acids in E.coll. and 19 optimal codons for 13 amino acids ...
... category are better than others. Third, there is no good basis for conparison between species because the proportional division of the codon table into the two categories may differ; e.g., Ikemura (1) identified 21 optimal codons for 14 amino acids in E.coll. and 19 optimal codons for 13 amino acids ...
Chromatin regulation during C. elegans germline development
... modifications, Kelly et al. [8] report that the C. elegans X chromosome is subject to selective repression during much of germline development. It is well accepted that chromatin is organized by linker histones and other binding proteins, which in turn respond to differential modification of core h ...
... modifications, Kelly et al. [8] report that the C. elegans X chromosome is subject to selective repression during much of germline development. It is well accepted that chromatin is organized by linker histones and other binding proteins, which in turn respond to differential modification of core h ...
Comparative analysis of the Geobacillus hemicellulose utilization locus reveals a highly
... transport systems [19,20]. The glucuronic acid is cleaved from the aldotetrauronic acid (2-O-α-(4-O-methyl-D-glucuronosyl)-xylotriose or MeGlcAXyl3) polymer by the action of a GH67 α-glucuronidase and is metabolized via the uronate metabolic pathway, also encoded in the hemicellulose utilization loc ...
... transport systems [19,20]. The glucuronic acid is cleaved from the aldotetrauronic acid (2-O-α-(4-O-methyl-D-glucuronosyl)-xylotriose or MeGlcAXyl3) polymer by the action of a GH67 α-glucuronidase and is metabolized via the uronate metabolic pathway, also encoded in the hemicellulose utilization loc ...
j - Computer Science & Engineering
... • Common gaps in aligned strings can be used to deduce evolutionary history – Mutations at the single character level are frequent. – Does anybody know what these are called? makes it difficult to determine evolutionary relationship at the DNA sequence level. – Large gaps occur less frequently. ...
... • Common gaps in aligned strings can be used to deduce evolutionary history – Mutations at the single character level are frequent. – Does anybody know what these are called? makes it difficult to determine evolutionary relationship at the DNA sequence level. – Large gaps occur less frequently. ...
Conspiracy of silence among repeated transgenes
... conjecture might be correct. When vertebrates are transformed with exogenous DNA, chromosomal insertions almost always consist of long tandem arrays of the transfected transgene-containing DNA.(5) Sometimes transgene arrays can comprise hundreds or even thousands of copies. In a cytologic study of o ...
... conjecture might be correct. When vertebrates are transformed with exogenous DNA, chromosomal insertions almost always consist of long tandem arrays of the transfected transgene-containing DNA.(5) Sometimes transgene arrays can comprise hundreds or even thousands of copies. In a cytologic study of o ...
One amino acid makes the difference: the formation of ent
... function in the interactions of plants with other organisms. They are, for example, major constituents in the resin of different conifer species defending against shoot-infesting insects [4, 5]. Rice (Oryza sativa) has a large number of diterpenoid phytoalexins possessing antifungal activities [6] a ...
... function in the interactions of plants with other organisms. They are, for example, major constituents in the resin of different conifer species defending against shoot-infesting insects [4, 5]. Rice (Oryza sativa) has a large number of diterpenoid phytoalexins possessing antifungal activities [6] a ...
Specialized Transduction
... high-frequency transducing phage lysates upon lysogenic induction. The chromosomes of these phage (called λ doc, for defective, one cohesive end) are produced by an aberration of the normal packaging mechanism in which one of the DNA ends arises by cos cleavage and the other arises by a less specif ...
... high-frequency transducing phage lysates upon lysogenic induction. The chromosomes of these phage (called λ doc, for defective, one cohesive end) are produced by an aberration of the normal packaging mechanism in which one of the DNA ends arises by cos cleavage and the other arises by a less specif ...
... New knowledge can only be found by making use of the knowledge that already is there. In the following sections some general issues concerning enzymatic reactions and the regulation of enzymes are touched upon. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. A chemical reaction can only occur ...
Multiple Routes to Subfunctionalization and Gene Duplicate
... framework again assumes that during the preduplication phase, evolution is frozen and no genetic variation is possible. In effect, it argues that duplications diverge because of multifunctional proteins but kicks back the question of how multifunctional genes arise. The problem with this view is tha ...
... framework again assumes that during the preduplication phase, evolution is frozen and no genetic variation is possible. In effect, it argues that duplications diverge because of multifunctional proteins but kicks back the question of how multifunctional genes arise. The problem with this view is tha ...
Point mutation
A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA. The term frameshift mutation indicates the addition or deletion of a base pair. A point mutant is an individual that is affected by a point mutation.Repeat induced point mutations are recurring point mutations, discussed below.